T ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to explore the teachers self-efficacy and attitudes
towards use of computers . A sample of thirty (30) teachers of the Mary the Queen
College was assessed for their computer attitude and self-efficacy using a Likert
type questionnaire. This study utilized the descriptive method of research with
questionnaires as the main data-gathering instrument.
Descriptive statistics were used to describe the personal and professional
related profiles of the teachers-respondents. Inferential statistics such as Pearson
Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed to test the hypotheses of the study.
Findings showed that the personal factors, namely; age, and gender do not
significantly affect organizational commitment. Further, the professional factors as
being categorized as the length of teaching were not correlated either to
organizational commitment. . (dagdagan yapa ini)
iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost, the researcher offers his sincerest gratitude to Dr. Socorro
Ajuja, who unselfishly shared his expertise and time. His high regard to academic
excellence is vividly shown from his dedication and commitment to inspire students
to acquire the appropriate attitude and skills in research. His extensive exposure
and experience in research significantly enrich this academic journey. The
seemingly endless challenges due to time constraint and resources are successfully
surpassed with his continuous support and encouragement.

The researcher is truly grateful with the overwhelming assistance of the

teacher-respondents. With the limited time allotted, the data gathering is made
feasible due to their utmost support and cooperation.
This study is made possible through the warm accommodation extended by
the librarians of the Mary the Queen College. Access to pertinent data to
substantiate the findings and claims of the teachers self-efficacy and attitude
towards computers is made available. Their libraries served as a repository of wide
array of information that enrich the completion of this academic undertaking.
Ultimately, all praises and glory is given to our Almighty Father, the divine
source of wisdom and enduring strength to overcome day-to-day challenges. His
unceasing unconditional love, bountiful blessings and constant guidance is
spiritually lifting. Our Lord God is truly an omnipotent and omniscient being. He is
the ultimate reason for the ability to transcend the trifling problems and grapple
with the serious problems in life.
The Research

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT.ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..iii
DEDICATIONiv
TABLE OF CONTENTSv
LIST OF TABLES..vi
LIST OF APPENDICESvii
CHAPTER
I.

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Historical Background
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitation
II.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Relevant Theories
Related Literature
Related Studies
Conceptual Framework
Conceptual Model
Hypotheses
Operational Definition of the Variables

III.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Methods and Techniques of the Study

Population and Sample
Research Instruments
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Processing and Statistical Treatment
IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

V.

CONCLUSION, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES
APPENDICES

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
It is now often said that we are living in the Information Age, an age of
unprecedented creation and exchange of knowledge and information coupled with a
rapid development of technologies that aid in the creation and accessing of
information. The one most notable expression of the information age that joins
together information creation and the access to this is the internet. And one
technological device that has become a fixture that enables people to process and
access information is the computer.
Computer use has become so pervasive that it has become an integral part of
education. Subjects are now taught on how to use it, and students and teachers are
expected to be familiar with it. Most libraries, the traditional repositories of
information, now have areas wherein teachers and students can make use of
computers with which to process information and have access to sources of
information.
It is within the above context that this study is to be conducted. The
problematique it seeks to shed light onto is relatively simple: teachers appreciation
of computers. The study seeks to view this problematique from two conceptual
optics. One, from the vantage point of self-efficacy; second, from the vantage point
of attitude. Five (5) variables have been chosen as possible determinants of selfefficacy and attitude towards computers: Age, Gender, Years of training, Present
school, and Length of teaching. The study will limit itself to the faculty of Mary the

Queen College; and it will make use of a questionnaire that will be sent to a
representative sample of the MQC faculty.
Historical Background
Mary The Queen College (Pampanga) [MQCPI] was established in February 2003 by
Mr. Ladislao S. David- Chairman and President of the House of David Group (HDG)
Inc. MQCP is a primary recipient of the House of David Foundation Inc. (HDFI)s
Handog Karunungan Scholarship Program which aims to provide academic
excellence and integral formation, especially to underprivileged but deserving
students.
MQCP, though more of a no-profit institution has a towering vision, which is, Mary
the Queen College (Pampanga) will be the premier Catholic Business School in
Central Luzon. It will be known for its quality education, especially in business
courses and its promotion of integral human development among its students.
And to realize its vision, MQCP commits itself to the following mission:

Equip its students with essential business knowledge, skills and good
attitudes that are needed to begin a business enterprise;

Provide its students with updated information technology skills demanded by

business enterprise;

Familiarize its students with actual business andentrepreneurial cases to

enforce their understanding of various business realities; and

Engage its students in the service of a well-trained and dedicated faculty with
actual experience and expertise.
MQCP started its operations with four initial course that of Bachelor of Science in
Accountancy, Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in
Office Administration, Bachelor of Science in Information Management, and
Associate in Information Management.
Statement of the Problem
The researcher intends to explore the self-efficacy and attitude of the
teachers of Mary the Queen College towards computer.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following:
a)

What is the profile of the college teachers in terms of:

a.1.1. Age
a.1.2. Gender

a.1.3 Years of Teaching

b)

What is the attitude of the teachers towards computers?

c)

What is the self-efficacy of the teachers towards computers?

d)
Do the profile factors significantly affect the attitude of the teachers towards
computers?
e)

Does the teachers self-efficacy affect the attitude towards computers?

Significance of the Study

This study contributes in the increasing awareness of the importance of
exploring the teachers self-efficacy and attitude towards computers. Specifically,
the researcher finds it beneficial to the following stakeholders:
School Administration. The study will provide school administrators the relevant
information on the management of educational institutions. Results of this study will
present valuable insights to aid them in the formulation of feasible plans and
programs relative to teaching skills capability building among its faculty members.
Considering the mandate to ensure the provision of academic excellence, the corps
of faculty should be carefully screened as well as monitored. The quality of faculty
determines the quality of instruction, which redounds to the viability and
sustainability of the survival of the schools thru its number of enrollees.
Teachers. The study will be of great help to the academic personnel.
Determining the factors that affect teaching competence in computers will aid them
in identifying critical considerations so as to enhance their performances. Further, it
will reveal areas for possible prioritization in order to upgrade their academic
credentials as well as improve teaching strategies. The retention and promotion in
rank is highly dependent on their teaching skills, and other work related
qualifications, hence, the teachers can utilize the ready available information from
this study as a frame of reference
Parents and Guardians: The findings of this study will be significant to the
parents and guardians. Despite of the long-list of priority expenses, the allotment of
budget to education is a glaring manifestation how parents and guardians value the
future of their children. Education is viewed as an investment for a promising career.
Notably, the ability to send their children in good schools and see them graduate
would be a great source of fulfillment. It is then very vital for them to entrust their
children to teachers who are highly competent.
Students. They will benefit from this study for they are the direct recipients of the
quality of teaching instructions of any educational institutions, be it public or
private. The effective delivery of pedagogical concepts and adoption of appropriate
teaching strategies would positively facilitate learning acquisition. Undeniably, the

character and competencies of the teachers play a significant role in the intellectual
development of the learners. The top caliber teachers will contribute significantly to
better prepare students in their respective future professions.
Policy Makers: The result of the study will aid policy-makers in the
formulation of guidelines and procedures to enhance teaching competence. The
data that will be generated are rich sources of valuable materials in what areas of
prioritization that should be given due regard by policy-makers. It is highly
important to raise the standard of education thru high level of performance of
teachers so as to benefit the learners. Henceforth, sound policies and programs
should be enunciated.
Future Researchers: This study will allow a better understanding of the
teachers self-efficacy and attitude towards computers. It is anticipated that a better
understanding of these factors could support further scholarly undertakings. Thus,
valuable inputs may be used by future researchers who will engage in the same line
of academic exploration.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study focuses on the teachers self-efficacy and attitude towards
computers. The teachers self-efficacy served as the independent variable and
attitude towards computer is the dependent variable . Dagdagan yapa ini)

Conceptual Framework (dinan me boxes and arrow reng input etc)

Independent

Dependent

Variable

Input
a) Background
Information
1. Age
2. Gender
3. School Currently
Teaching

Variable

Process

Output

Assessment of data

Attitude

gathered through the

towards

questionnaire administered
to faculty

Computers

4. Technical training
5. Frequency of Use

b) Usage of Computers
1. Email
2. Games
3. Chat
4. Net Surfing
5. Online Shopping
6. Materials Design
7. Web Design

c) Computer Self-efficacy

Figure 1: Conceptual Diagram Exploring the Teachers Self-efficacy and Attitude

towards Computers

Hypotheses of the Study

Based on the problems of the study, the following hypotheses were tested:
Null hypotheses:

There is no significant relationship between teachers profile and attitude

towards computers.
There is no significant relationship between the teachers self-efficacy and
attitude towards computers.
Operational Definition of the Variables:
To better understand the study, the operational definitions of the key
variables are presented as follows:

Self-efficacy: as the belief that one is capable of performing in a certain

manner to attain certain goals,
as a persons belief about their capabilities to produce designated levels of
performance that exercise influence over events that affect their lives.
It is a belief that one has the capabilities to execute the courses of actions
required to manage prospective situations. It has been described in other ways as
the concept has evolved in the literature and in society: as the sense of belief that
ones actions have an effect on the environment ;
as a persons judgment of his or her capabilities based on mastery criteria; a
sense of a persons competence within a specific framework, focusing on the
persons assessment of their abilities to perform specific tasks in relation to goals
and standards rather than in comparison with others capabilities. Additionally, it
builds on personal past experiences of mastery.
The idea of self-efficacy is one of the center points in positive psychology;
this branch of psychology focuses on factors that create a meaning for individuals. It
is believed that our personalized ideas of self-efficacy affect our social interactions
in almost every way. Understanding how to foster the development of self-efficacy is
a vitally important goal for positive psychology because it can lead to living a more
productive and happy life.(Wikipedia)

Attitude:
Teachers: Refers to the college teachers of Mary the Queen College, both fulltime and part-time in status. They undergo stringent screening procedures to
qualify to teach either professional or general education subjects. The faculty are
required to submit pertinent documents like the curriculum vitae, transcript of
records, licenses, recommendation letters, certificates to determine their personal
and professional qualifications ; present a teaching demonstration to showcase
teaching proficiency, interview with the Human Resource Manager, College Dean
and President to disclose other relevant information; submit medical clearance to
ensure physical fitness and finally the MQC Support Unit conducts a classified
background
investigation for character surveillance. Those who failed to meet the
aforementioned requirements are not weeded out in the potential faculty line up.
Education: Encompasses both the teaching and learning of knowledge,
proper conduct, and technical competency. It focuses on the cultivation of skills,
trades or professions, as well as mental, moral and aesthetic development. It
consists of a systematic instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers,
that of, the application of knowledge and the development of curricula.
Computers:
Civil Status. It refers to state of being single, married, or separated.
Gender. The state of being male or female.
Age: The length of time a person has lived or existed; years of birth ;
chronological age.
Technology Course:
Length of Service. It refers to the number of years the faculty has rendered
service in the teaching profession

Chapter 11

Review of Related Literature

(cut and paste ya ini, kailangan ya irevize)
Computers are increasingly widespread, influencing many aspects of our social and
work lives, as well as many of our leisure activities. As more tasks involve
humancomputer
interaction, computer skills and knowledge have become more positively
correlated with both occupational and personal success. Therefore, as we move into
a
technology based society, it is important that childrens classroom experiences with
technology be equitable and unbiased for males and females. In most cases, the
teacher
is key to effective implementation of the use of computers in the educational
system
and given that teachers have tremendous potential to transmit beliefs and values to
students, it is important to understand the biases and stereotypes that teachers
may
hold about the use of computers and the factors that act as facilitators to teachers
positive computer usage.
In support of the importance of teachers attitude towards computer use, Zhao, Tan
and Mishra (2001) provided evidence to suggest that the attitudes of teachers are
directly related to computer use in the classroom. For example, teachers often view
the
computer as a tool to accomplish housekeeping tasks, manage their students more
efficiently, and to communicate with parents more easily. The success of student
learning with computer technology will depend largely on the attitudes of teachers,
and their willingness to embrace the technology (Teo, 2006). Gaining an
appreciation
of the teachers attitudes towards computer use may provide useful insights into
technology integration and acceptance and usage of technology in teaching and

learning.

The success of any initiatives to implement technology in an educational program

depends strongly upon the support and attitudes of teachers involved. It has been
suggested that if teachers believed or perceived proposed computer programs as
fulfilling neither their own or their students needs, they are not likely to attempt to
introduce technology into their teaching and learning. Among the factors that affect
the successful use of computers in the classroom are teachers attitudes towards
computers (Huang & Liaw, 2005). Attitude, in turn, constitutes various dimensions.
Some examples of these are perceived usefulness, computer confidence (Rovai &
Childress, 2002), training (Tsitouridou & Vryzas, 2003), gender (Sadik, 2006),
knowledge about computers (Yuen, Law & Chan, 1999), anxiety, confidence, and
liking (Yildirim, 2000).

In many developed countries, nearly all schools are equipped with the infrastructure
to conduct ICT mediated teaching and learning. Positive teacher attitudes towards
computing are critical if computers are to be effectively integrated into the school
curriculum. A major reason for studying teachers attitude towards computer use is
that it is a major predictor for future computer use in the classroom (Myers &
Halpin,
2002). Khine (2001) studied 184 pre-service teachers and found a significant
relationship between computer attitude and its use in the institution. This finding
was
corroborated by Yuen and Ma (2001) who, using the Chinese Computer Attitude
Scale
for Teachers (CAST), found that 216 secondary teachers in Hong Kong had reported
the instructional use of computers and their results revealed that affective attitudes,

general usefulness, behavioural control, and pedagogical use to be significant in

determining the use of ICT. Kumar and Kumar (2003) reported that most teachers
believe that the amount of computer experience has a positive effect on attitude
towards computers. Jackson, Ervin, Gardner and Schmitt (2001) indicated that
female
users, compared with males, are more inclined to hold negative reactions to
computers
and such differences may have resulted in the different ways of using computers.
In achieving excellence in schools, it is important to ensure that teachers are able to
integrate technology into the curriculum. As such, the groundwork must be laid at
the
trainee or pre-service teachers level. To do otherwise is to produce future teachers
with underdeveloped skills in the use of technology. In the course of their training,
pre-service teachers should be provided with the tools and experiences that will be
useful for the regular activities in their future job: classroom instruction, research,
and
problem solving. Using technology enables pre-service teachers to arrange their
environment and adjust their instructional strategies (Zhang & Espinosa, 1997). On
the
part of teacher educators, there is a need to understand the dimensions that
influence
pre-service teachers attitudes towards computers as a means for effective
development of teacher training curriculum that will prepare teachers to face the
challenges in the information age (Fisher, 2000).

CHAPTER 111

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the method of research employed in the study, the
sources of data, the sample, the instruments for gathering data and validation, the
data gathering procedure and the data processing and statistical treatment.

Methods and Techniques of the Study

The descriptive method of research is used to explore the teachers selfefficacy and attitude towards computers. According to Best (1970), descriptive
study is concerned with circumstances or relationships that exists, practices that
prevail, beliefs, point of view or attitudes that are held and processes that are going
on, effects that are being felt, or trends that are developing. It involves the
description, recording, analysis and interpretation of conditions that exist.
(Edralin,2006). It involves tools and processes in collecting pertinent information
about a certain phenomenon.

The strength of descriptive study lies in describing the state of present

occurrence as identifying the relationship between and among variables. It is very
essential in providing facts on which scientific judgments may be based. The
cohesive and systematic presentation of conditions is highly needed to substantiate
the findings of the study.
To gather the needed information, survey method was used. Survey research
according to Cozby (2005) employs questionnaires to source out pertinent data
pertaining to profile, self-efficacy and attitude towards computers of the teachers of
the Mary the Queen College.

Population and Sample of the Study

The research investigation was designed to gather the needed data on the
teachers profile, self-efficacy and attitude towards computers. The respondents of
the study are thirty (30) faculty members of the Mary the Queen College. They are
from the Departments of Accountancy, Hotel Restaurant Management, Business
Management, Information System and Secondary Education.
Research Instrument
Data gathering is the process by which relevant information and facts are
brought together as the basis in arriving at the desired result of the study. The
researcher used the survey questionnaire as the main tool to gather primary
information. For the purpose of this study, the Computer Self-efficacy and Attitude
towards Computers Questionnaire was used. The instrument was utilized to
determine the levels of self-efficacy and attitude of the faculty members towards
computers.
The survey questionnaire is subdivided into three categories. Section One,
the background information covers the age, gender, years of teaching experience,
school currently teaching, technology course, computer usage and frequency of
computer usage. Section two contains 21 items, ten (10) of which are negatively
phrased so as to explore the attitude towards computers. While Section three
contains 32 items that are positively stated to cover the computer self-efficacy of
the teachers. The questionnaire has a five-point response dimension, scored 1 to 5
respectively; that of , strongly disagree, disagree, neutral , agree, and strongly
agree.
To complement the primary data, other relevant facts were sourced out from
various books, literature, studies, refereed journals, and internet.
Data Gathering Procedure

Consent from the respondents was secured to enable the researcher to

conduct an academic undertaking on the teachers self-efficacy and attitude
towards computers.. A letter was prepared to formalize the intention to request the
potential respondents to participate in this study (See Appendix A). The researcher
personally distributed the survey questionnaires to aid the data gathering process.
Further, the floating of questionnaires was facilitated through support of the Dean of
College. The teacher-respondents were requested to answer all items to ensure
completeness of information.
The time line for the floating of the survey questionnaire was July 12 to 15,
2010 and its retrieval was on July 19 and 20, 2010.
Data Processing and Statistical Treatment
The accomplished questionnaires were collated and processed through the
use of descriptive statistics, that of, frequency distribution, percentage, mean and
standard deviation. These statistical techniques were also useful in grouping
responses in order to get a picture of the distributions where choices of responses
cluster (Guilford and Fruchter, 1973).
To determine the self-efficacy and attitude towards computers of the teachers, their
responses to the questionnaire were quantified using the scale below:
Descriptive Equivalent

Scale Value

Strongly Agree
Agree

(SA)
(A)

Neither Agree nor Disagree

5
4

(N)

Disagree

(D)

Strongly Disagree

(SD)

The mean of the responses of each self-efficacy items were computed and
analyzed using the weighted means for a valid and reliable interpretation of the
data. The Likerts 5-point scale (Subong 2007) was used to assess the attitude
towards computers of the teachers. The descriptive equivalent provided a verbal
interpretation of the mean scores so as to identify the level of commitment, to wit:
Mean

Descriptive Equivalent

4.21 - 5.0

Very Positive Attitude

(VPA)

3.41 - 4.20

Positive Attitude

(PA)

2.61 - 3.40

Moderate Positive Attitude

1.81 - 2.60

Negative Attitude

1.00 - 1.80

Very Negative Attitude

(MPA)
(NA)
(VNA)

To determine if there are significant relationships between the independent

variables (background information and self-efficacy) and dependent variable
(attitude towards computers), the Pearson Product Moment Correlation was
employed. This parametric test measures the existence of a relationship between
two variables. It is the
most widely used correlation coefficient, designating the magnitude of relationship
between two variables measured on at least an interval scale (Burns and Grove,
2001).

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter contains the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the

data gathered. Its sequencing is based on the specific questions being raised in the

statement of the problem. It begins with the descriptive statistics of the data on the
dependent and independent variables of the study. The latter part deals with the
application of inferential statistics to determine the effects of the independent
variables on the dependent variable.

Descriptive Statistics of the Variables

The background information of the teachers in terms of age, gender, years of

teaching experience, school currently teaching, technology training course
computer usage, frequency of computer use and self-efficacy which are classified
as the main independent variables are presented as follows:

Teachers Background Information

Table 1 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents

by age. 37% of the teachers belong to age bracket of 20 to 25. Those under the
age bracket of 26 to 30 got 23%. Ages 31 to 35 got only 3%, 7% for ages 36 to 40,
10% are ages 45 and above. It can be noted that majority of the respondents are
young professionals. Seemingly, teaching profession is becoming attractive to the
younger age brackets which may be considered a positive development. Young
professors can then relate to their students since the age gap is not that wide. The
former can understand
and empathize with the psycho-social needs of the college students.
Innovativeness, idealism, zest and energy are just some of the remarkable traits
that may be found among young teachers which could contribute in fostering a
conducive learning atmosphere, hence, can facilitate in teaching computers.