QUESTIONS

0.

What do you know about acid by Arrhenius, Brondted Lowry and Lewis

1.

Write the chemical equation for the autoionization of water and the equilibrium law for Kw?

2.

How are acidic, basic, and neutral solutions in water defined

a. in terms of [H+] and [OH-] and
b. in terms of pH ?

3.

At the temperature of the human body, 37oC, the value of Kw is 2.4 x 10-14. Calculate the
[H+], [OH-], pH and pOH of pure water at this temperature. What is the relation between pH,
pOH, and Kw at this temperature? Is water neutral at this temperature?

4.

Deuterium oxide, D2O, ionizes like water. At 20C its

Kw, or ion product constant

analogous to that of water, is 8.9 x 10-16. Calculate [D+] and [OD-] in deuterium oxide at
20C. Calculate also the pD and the pDO.
5.

Calculate the H+ concentration in each of the following solutions in which the hydroxide ion
concentrations are :
a. 0.0024 M
a. 1.4 x 10-5 M
a. 5.6 x 10-9 M
a. 4.2 x 10-13 M

6.

Calculate the OH- concentration in each of following solutions in which the hydrogen ion
concentrations are
a. 3.5 x 10 -8 M
a. 0.0065 M
a. 2.5 x 10 -13 M

a. 7.5 x 10 -5 M
7.

A certain brand of beer had a hydrogen ion concentration equal to 1.9 x 10-5 mol L-1.What is
the pH of the beer?

8.

A soft drink was put on the market with [

] = 1,4 x

mol

9.

Calculate the pH of each of the solutions in Exercises 5 and 6.

. What it's pH ?

10. Calculate the molar concentrations of H+ and OH- in solution that have the following pH
values.
a. 3.14
b. 2.78
c. 9.25
d. 13.24
e. 5.70
11. Calculate the molar concentration of H+ and OH- in solution that have the following pOH
values .
a. 8.26
b. 10.25
c. 4.65
d. 6.18
e. 9.70
12. What is the pH of 0.010 M HCl ?
13. What is the pH of 0.0050 M solution of HNO3 ?

14. A sodium hydroxide solution is prepared by dissolving 6.0 g NaOH in 1.00 L of solution.
What is the pOH and the pH of the solution?
15. A solution was made by dissolving 0.837 g Ba(OH)2 in 100 mL final volume. What is the
pOH and the pH of the solution?
16. A solution of Ca(OH)2 has a measured pH of 11.60. What is the molar concentration of
Ca(OH)2 in the solution?
17. A solution of HCl has a pH of 2.50. How many grams of HCl are there in 250 mL of this
solution.
18. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of each of the following weak acids in water
(For any polyprotic acids , write only the equation for the first step in the ionization).
a. HNO2
b. H3PO4
c. HAsO42d. (CH3)3NH+
19. For each of the acids in exercise 18, write the appropriate Ka expression
20. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of each of following weak bases in water.
a. (CH3)3N
b. AsO43c. NO2d. (CH3)2N2H2
21. For each of the bases in Exercise 20, write the appopriate Kb expression.

22. Benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H, is an organic acid whose sodium salt, C6H5CO2Na, has long been
used as a safe foods additive to protect beverages and many foods againts harmful yeasts
and bacteria. The acid is monoprotic. Write the equation for it's Ka !
23. Write the equation for the equilibrium that the benzoate ion, C6H5CO2- (review exercise 22),
would produce in water as functions as a Bronsted base. Then write the expression for the Kb
of the conjugate base of benzoic acid.
24. The pKa of HCN is 9.21 and that of HF is 3.17. Which is the strong Bronsted base CN or
F?
25. The Ka for HF is 6.8 x 10x. what is the Kb for F-?
26. The barbiturate ion C4HO has Kb = 1,0 x 10 -10 . What is Ka for Barbituric acid ?
27. Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 is a week acid with Ka = 1.8 x 10-12. What the value of Kb for the
HO2 ion?
28. Methylamine, CH3NH2 resambles ammonia in odor and basicity. Its Kb is 4.4 x 10-4.
Calculate the Ka of its conjugate acid!
29. Lactic acid, HC3H5O3, is responsible for the sour taste of sour milk. At 25oC its Ka = 1.4 x
10-4. What is the Kb of its conjugate base, tha lactate ion, C3H5O3- ?
30. Iodic acid, HIO3 has a pKa of 0.77
a. What is the formula an the Kb of its conjugate base?
b. Its is conjugate base a stronger or a weaker base than the acetate ion?
31. Periodic acid,HIO4,is an important oxidizing agent and a moderately strong acid. In a 0.10
M solution , [H+] = 3.8 x 10-2 mol L-1. Calculate the Ka and pKa for periodic acid!
32. Choloacetic acid, HC2H2ClO2, is a stronger monoprotic acid than acetic acid. In a 0,10 M
solution, this acid is 11 % ionized. Calculate the Ka and pKa for Choloacetic acid.

33. Ethylamine, CH3CH2NH2, has a strong, pungent odor similar to that ammonia. Like
ammonia, it is a Bronsted base. A 0.10 M solution has a pH of 11.86. Calculate the Kb and
pKb for ethylamine.
34. Hidroxylamine, HONH2, like ammonia, is a Bronsted base. A 0.15 M solution has a pH of
10.12. What are Kb and pKb for Hidroxylamine?
35. Refer to data in the preceding question to calculate the percentage ionization of the base in
0.15 M HONH2.
36. What is the pH of 0.125 M pyruvic acid ? It's Ka is 3.2 x 10-3
37.

What is pH of 0.15 M HN3 ? for HN3, Ka = 1.8 x 10-5

38. What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2? For this solute, Ka = 1.8 x
10-2
39. Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is sometimes used as a disinfectant. What are the
concentrations of all of the substance in a 0.050 M solution of phenol, HC6H50? What
percentage of the phenol is ionized? For this acid, Ka= 1.3 x 10-10
40. Codeine, a cough suppressant extracted from crude opium, is a weak base with a pKb of
5.79. What will be the pH of a 0.020 M solution of codeine? (Use Cod as a symbol for
codeine)
41. Deuteroammonia, ND3, is a weak base with a pKb of 4.96 at 25oC. What is the pH of a 0.20
M solution of this compound?
42. A solution of acetic acid has a pH of 2.54. What is the concentration of acetic acid in this
solution ?
43. Aspirin is acetylsalicyclic acid, a monoprotic acid whose Ka value is 3,27 x 10-4. does a
solution of the sodium salt of aspirin in water test acidic, basic, or neutral ? Explain
44. The Kb value of the oxalate ion, C2O42-, is 1.9x10-10. Is a solution of K2C2O4 acidic, basic, or
neutral? Explain.

45. Consider the following compounds and suppose that 0.5M solutions are prepared of each :
NaI, KF, (NH4)2SO4, KCN, KC2H3O2, CsNO3, and KBr. Write the formulas of those that
have solutions that are
a. Acidic,
b. Basic, and
c. Neutral.
46. Will an aqueous solution of ALCl3 turn litmus red or blue ? explain?
47. Explain why the beryllium ion is a more acidic cation than the calcium ion.
48. Ammonium nitrate is commonly used in fertilizer mixtures as a source of nitrogen for plant
growth. What effect, if any, will this compound have on the acidity of the moisture in the
ground? Explain.
49. Calculate the pH of 0.20 M NaCN.
50. Calculate the pH of 0,04 M KNO2 ?
51. Calculate the pH of 0.15 M CH3NH3Cl. For CH3NH2, Kb = 4.4 x 10-4
52. A weak base B forms the salt BHCl, composed of the ions BH+ and Cl-. A 0.15 M solution
of the salt has a pH of 4.28. What is the value of Kb for the base B?
53. Calculate the number of grams of NH4Br that have to be dissolved in 1.00 L of water at
25oC to have a solution with a pH of 5.16 !
54. The conjugate acid of a molecular base has a hypohetical formula. BH+, and has pKa of
5.00. A solution of salt of this cation, BHY, tests slightly basic. Will the conjugate acid of Y, HY, have a pKa greater than 5.00 or less than 5.00? explain
55. Many drugs that are natural Bronsted bases are put into aqueous solution as their much more
soluble salt with strong acids. The powerful painkiller morphine, for example, is very
slightly soluble in water, but morphine nitrate is quite soluble. We may represent morphine

by the symbol Mor and its conjugate acid as H-Mor+. The pKb of morphine is 6.13. What is
the calculated pH of a 0.20 M solution of H-Mor+?
56. Quinine, an important drug in treating malaria, is a weak Bronsted base that we may
represent as Qu. To make it more soluble in water, it is put into a solution as its conjugate
acid, which we may represent as H-

. What is the calculate pHof a 0,15 M solution of H-

? Its pKa is 8,52 at 25 0C.

57. Generally, under what conditions are we unable to use the initial concentration of an acid or
base as though it were the equilibrium concentration in the mass action expression?
58. What is the percentage ionization in a 0.15 M solution of HF ? What is the pH of the
solution ?
59. What is the percentage ionization in 0.0010 M acetic acid ? What is the pH of the solution?
60. What is the pH of a 1.0 x 10-7 M solution of HCl ?
61. The hydrogen sulfate ion HSO4-, is a moderately strong Bronsted acid with a Ka of 1.0x10-2.
a.

Write the chemical equation for the ionization of the acid and give the appropriate Ka
expression.

a.

What is the value of [ H+] in 0.010 M HSO4- (furnished by the salt, NaHSO4) ? Do
NOT make simplifying assumptions; solve the quadratic equation.

a.

What is the calculate of [H+] in 0.010 M HSO4-, obtained by using the usual
simplifying assumption?

a.

How much error is produced by incorrectly using the simplifying assumption?

62. Para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a powerful sunscreening agent whose salt were once
used widely in suntanning...... The parent acid, which we may symbolize as H-Paba, is a
weak acid with a pKa of 4.92 (.....oC). What is the [H+] and pH of 0.030 M solution of this
acid?

63. Barbituric acid, HC4H3N2O3 (which we will abbreviate H-Bar), was discovered by the Nobel
Prize-winning organic chemist Adolph von Baeyer and named after his friend, Barbara. It is
the parent compound of widely sleeping drugs, the barbituretes. Its pKa is 4.01. what is the
[H+] and pH of a 0.050 M solution of H-Bar?
64. Write ionic equation that illustrate how each pair of compounds can serve as a buffer pair.
a. H2CO3 and NaHCO3 (the "carbonate" buffer in blood)
b. NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 (the "phosphate" buffer in side body cells)
c. NH4Cl and NH3
65. Which buffer would be better able to hold a steady pH on the addition of strong acid, buffer
1 or buffer 2? Explain.
Buffer 1 is a solution containing 0.10 M NH4Cl and 1 M NH3.
Buffer 2 is a solution containing 1 M NH4Cl and 0.10 M NH3.
66.

What is the pH of a solution that contains 0.15 M HC2H3O2 and 0.25 M C2H3O2-?
Use Ka = 1.8 x 10-5 for HC2H3O2

67. Rework the preceding problem using the Kb for the acetate ion. ( be sure to write the poper
chemical equation and equilibrium law )
68. By how much will the pH change if 0.050 mol of HCl is added to 1.00 L off the buffer in
Exercise 66.
69. By how much will the pH change if 50.0 mL of 0.10 M NaOH is added to 500mL of the
buffer in Exercise 66.
70. A buffer is prepared containg 0.25 M NH3 and 0.14 M NH4+
a.

calculate the pH of the buffer using the Kb for NH3

a.

calculate the pH of the buffer using the Ka for NH4+

71. By how much will the pH change if 0.020 mL of HCl is added to 1.00 L of the buffer in
Exercise 70?
72. By how much will the pH change if 75 ml of 0.10 M KOH is added to 200 ml of the buffer
in exercize 70?
73. How many grams of sodium acetat, NaC2H3O2, would have to be added to 1.0 L of 0.15 M
acetic acid (pKa 4.74) to make the solution a buffer for pH 5.00?
74. How many grams of sodium formate, NaCHO2, would have to be added to 1.0 L of 0.12 M
formic acid (Pka 3.74) to make the solution a buffer for pH 3.80 ?
75. What mole ratio of NH4Cl to NH3 would buffer a solution at pH 9.25?
76. How many grams of ammonium choride would have to be dissolved in 500 mL of 0.20 M
NH3 to prepare a solution buffered at pH 10.00?
77. How many grams of ammonium chloride have to be dissolved into 125 mL of 0.10 M NH3
to make it a buffer with a pH of 9.15 ?
78. Suppose 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl is added to an acetate buffer prepared by dissolving
0.100 mol of acetic acidand 0.110 of sodium acetate in 500 mL of solution. What are the
initial and final pH value? what would be the pH if the same amount of HCl solution were
added to 125 mL of pure water?
79. How many milliliters of 0.15 M HCl would have to be added to 100 mL of the buffer
described in exercise 78 to make the pH decrease by 0.05 pH unit? How many milliliters of
the same HCl solution would, if added to 100 mL of pure water, make the pH decrease by
0.05 pH unit?
80. What can make the titrated solution at the equivalence point in an acid-base titration have a
pH not equal to 7,00 ? Ho w does this possibility affect the choice of an indicator ?
81. Explain why ethyl red is a better indicator than phenolphtalein in the titration of dilute
ammonia by dilute hydrochloric acid?
82. What is a good indicator for titrating potassium hydroxide with hydrobromic acid? Explain.

83. In the titration of an acid with base,what condition concerning the quantities of reactans
ought to be true at the equivalence point?
84. When 50 mL of 0.10 M formic acid is titrated with 0.10 M sodium hydroxide, what is the
pH at the equivalence point? (Be sure to take into account the change in volume during the
titration). What is a good indicator for this titration?
85. When 25 mL of 0.10 M aqueous ammonia is titrated with 0.10 M hydrobromic acid, what is
the pH at the equivalence point? What is a good indicator?
86. For the titratin of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M HCl with 0.1000 M NaOH, calculate the pH of the
resulting solution after each of the following quantities of base has been added to the original
solution (you must take into account the change in total volume). Construct a graph showing
the titration curve for this experiment.
a. 0 mL
b. 10.00 mL
c. 24.90 mL
d. 24.99 mL
e. 25.00 mL
f.

25.01 mL

g. 25.10 mL
h. 26.00 mL
i.

50.00 mL

87. For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M acetic acid with 0.1000 M NaOH, calculate the
pH:
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution,
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added,

c. After half of the HC2H302 has been neutralized, and

d. At the equivalence point.
88. For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M ammonia with 0.1000 M HCl, calculate the pH
a. before the addition of any HCl solution,
b. after 10.00 mL of the acid has been added,
c. after half of the NH3 has been neutralized, and
d. at the equivalence point

ANSWER
0. According to Arrhenius opinion, acid is a species that releases H+ when dissolved in the
water.
According to Bronsted Lowry opinion, acid is a species that gives proton (proton donor)
According to Lewis opinion, acid a substance that accepts a pair of electrons.

1. Chemical equation for the autoionization of water

H2O (l) H+(aq) + OH-(aq)

K[H2O] = [H+][ OH-]

Kw

= [H+][ OH-]

2. In terms of [H+] and [OH-], acidic is the substance where the [H+] > [OH-],
basic is the substance that [H+]<[OH-]
neutral is the substance that [H+]=[OH-]
in terms of pH, acidic is the substance that has pH<7, basic is the substance that has pH>7
and neutral is the substance that has pH=7

3. Given

:T

= 37oC

Kw = 2,4x10-14
Question : - [H+], [OH-], pH and pOH
- Relation between pH, pOH, and Kw at this temperature
- Is water neutral at this temperature?
Answer

Kw = [H+][ OH-]

At this temperature, pH=pOH, both are half of pKw

At this temperature, the water is almost neutral because pH is

4. Given : Kw = 8.9 x 10-16

T = 20C
D2O D+ + ODQuestions :[D+], [OD-], pD, pOD = ...?
Answer :
[D+] = [OD-]

=
=
= 2.98 x 10-16

pD

= 8 - log 2.98
= 7.53

pOD

= 8 - log 2.98
= 7.53

5. a. Given

: [OH-] = 2.4 x 10-3 M

Questions

: [H+] . . . ?

Answer

[OH-] = 2.4 x 10-3 M

pOH = - log [OH-]

= - log 2.4 x 10-3

= 3 - log 2.4
pH

= 14- (3- log 2.4 )

= 11 + log 2.4
= 11.38

[H+]

= 10-11.38
= 4.168 x 10-12 M
: [OH-] = 1.4 x 10-5 M

b. Given

Questions : [H+] . . . ?
Answer

[OH-] = 1.4 x 10-5 M

pOH

= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.4 x 10-5
= 5 - log 1.4

pH

= 14- (5- log 1.4 )

= 9 + log 1.4
= 9.146

[H+]

= 10-9.146
= 7.145 x 10-10 M

c. Given

: [OH-] = 5.6 x 10-9 M

Questions

: [H+] . . . ?

Answer

[OH-] = 5.6 x 10-9 M

pOH

= - log [OH-]
= - log 5.6 x 10-9
= 9 - log 5.6

pH

= 14- (9- log 5.6 )

= 5 + log 5.6
= 5.748

[H+]

= 10-5.748
= 1.786 x 10-6 M

: [OH-] = 4.2 x 10-13 M

d. Given
Question

: [H+] . . . ?

Answer

[OH-] = 4.2 x 10-13 M

pOH

= - log [OH-]
= - log 4.2 x 10-13
= 13 - log 4.2

pH

= 14- (13- log 4.2 )

= 1 + log 4.2
= 1.62

[H+]

= 10-1.62
= 2.4 x 10-2M
: [ H+ ] = 3.5 x 10 -8 M

6. a. Given
Questions

: [OH- ]..?

Answer

pH

= 8- log 3,5

pOH

= 14 - pH
= 14 - (8 - log 3,5)
= 6 + log 3,5
= 6,5

[OH- ]= 10 -6,5
b. Given

: [H+]=0.0065 M = 6.5 x 10-3

Questions : [OH-] ?
Answer

pH = 3- log 6,5
pOH

= 14 - pH
= 14 - (3 - log 6,5)
= 11 + log 6,5
= 11,8

[OH- ]
c. Given

= 10 -11,8
: [H+]=2,5 x 10 -13 M

Questions :[OH-] ?
Answer

pH = 13- log 2,5

pOH

= 14 - pH
= 14 - (13 - log 2,5)
= 1 + log 2,5
= 1,39

[OH- ]
d. Given

= 10 -1,39
: [H+]=7,5 x 10-5 M

Questions : [OH- ] ?
Answer

pH

= 5- log 7,5

pOH

= 14 - pH
= 14 - (5 - log 7,5)
= 9 + log 7,5
= 9,8

[OH- ]
7. Given

= 10 -9,8

: [H+] = 1.9 x 10-5mol L-1

Questions : pH.?
Answer

: pH = -log [H+]
= -log [1.9 x10-5]

= 5-log 1.9
pH = 5 - 0.28
pH = 4.72
8.

Given

: [H+] = 1,4 x 10-5mol L-1

Questions : pH ... ?
Answer

:
[H+]

= 1,4 x 10-5mol L-1

pH

= - log [H+]
= - log 1,4 x 10-5mol L-1
= 5 log 1,4
= 5 0,146

pH
9.

= 4,854

Exercise 5
a. Given

: [OH-] = 0,0024 M = 2,4 x 10-3 M

Asked

: pH ... ?

Answer

:
[OH-] = 2,4 x 10-3 M
pOH

= - log [OH-]
= - log 2,4 x 10-3 M
= 3 log 2,4
= 3 0.38

pOH

= 2,62

pH

= 14 pOH
= 14 2,62

pH
b. Given

= 11,38

: [OH-] = 1,4 x 10-5 M

Asked

: pH ... ?

Answer

:
[OH-] = 1,4 x 10-5 M
pOH

= - log [OH-]

= - log 1,4 x 10-5 M

= 5 log 1,4
= 5 0.146
pOH

= 4,854

pH

= 14 pOH
= 14 4,854

pH
c. Given

= 9,146

: [OH-] = 5,6 x 10-9 M

Asked

: pH ... ?

Answer

:
[OH-] = 5,6 x 10-9 M
pOH

= - log [OH-]
= - log 5,6 x 10-9 M
= 9 log 5,6
= 9 0.748

pOH

= 8,252

pH

= 14 pOH
= 14 8,252

pH
d. Given

= 5,748

: [OH-] = 4,2 x 10-13 M

Asked

: pH ... ?

Answer

:
[OH-] = 4,2 x 10-13 M
pOH

= - log [OH-]
= - log 4,2 x 10-13 M
= 13 log 4,2
= 13 0.623

pOH

= 12,377

pH

= 14 pOH
= 14 12,377

pH

= 1,623

Exercise 6
a. Given

: [H+] = 3,5 x 10-8 M

Asked

: pH ... ?

Answer

:
[H+] = 3,5 x 10-8 M
pH

= - log [H+]
= - log 3,5 x 10-8 M
= 8 log 3,5
= 8 0,544

pH
b. Given

= 7,456

: [H+] = 0,0065 M = 6,5 x 10-3 M

Asked

: pH ... ?

Answer

:
[H+] = 6,5 x 10-3 M
pH

= - log [H+]
= - log 6,5 x 10-3 M
= 3 log 6,5
= 3 0,813

pH
c. Given

= 2,187

: [H+] = 2,5 x 10-13 M

Asked

: pH ... ?

Answer

:
[H+] = 2,5 x 10-13 M
pH

= - log [H+]
= - log 2,5 x 10-13 M
= 13 log 2,5
= 13 0,398

pH
d. Given

= 12,602

: [H+] = 7,5 x 10-5 M

Asked

: pH ... ?

Answer

[H+] = 7,5 x 10-5 M

pH

= - log [H+]
= - log 7,5 x 10-5 M
= 5 log 7,5
= 5 0,875

pH
10. a. Given

= 4,125

: pH = 3,14

Asked

: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?

Answer

:
pH

= 3,14

pH

= 4 0,86

[H+] = 4 log 7,24

[H+] = 7,24 x 10-4 M
pOH

= 14 pH
= 14 3,14

pOH

= 10,86

pOH

= 11 0,14

[OH-] = 11 log 1,38

[OH-] = 1,38 x 10-11 M
b. Given

: pH = 2,78

Asked

: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?

Answer

:
pH

= 2,78

pH

= 3 0,22

[H+] = 3 log 1,66

[H+] = 1,66 x 10-3 M
pOH

= 14 pH
= 14 2,78

pOH

= 11,22

pOH

= 12 0,78

[OH-] = 12 log 6,026

[OH-] = 6,026 x 10-12 M

c. Given

: pH = 9,25

Asked

: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?

Answer

:
pH

= 9,25

pH

= 10 0,75

[H+] = 10 log 5,62

[H+] = 5,62 x 10-10 M
pOH

= 14 pH
= 14 9,25

pOH

= 4,75

pOH

= 5 0,25

[OH-] = 5 log 1,78

[OH-] = 1,78 x 10-5 M
d. Given

: pH = 13,24

Asked

: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?

Answer

:
pH

= 13,24

pH

= 14 0,76

[H+] = 14 log 5,75

[H+] = 5,75 x 10-14 M
pOH

= 14 pH
= 14 13,24

pOH

= 0,76

pOH

= 1 0,24

[OH-] = 1 log 1,74

[OH-] = 1,74 x 10-1 M = 0,174 M
e. Given

: pH = 5,70

Asked

: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?

Answer

:
pH

= 5,70

= 6 0,30

pH

[H+] = 6 log 1,995

[H+] = 1,995 x 10-6 M
pOH

= 14 pH
= 14 5,70

pOH

= 8,30

pOH

= 9 0,70

[OH-] = 9 log 5,01

[OH-] = 5,01 x 10-9 M
11.

a.

Given : pOH = 8,26

Asked

: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?

Answer

:
pOH

= 8,26
= 9 0,74

pOH
-

[OH ] = 9 log 5,495

[OH-] = 5,495 x 10-9 M
= 14 pOH

pH

= 14 8,26
pH

= 5,74
= 6 0,26

pH
+

b. Given

[H ]

= 6 log 1,82

[H+]

= 1,82 x 10-6 M

: pOH = 10,25

Asked

: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?

Answer

:
pOH

= 10,25

pOH

= 11 0,75

[OH-] = 11 log 5,62

[OH-] = 5,62 x 10-11 M
pH

= 14 pOH
= 14 10,25

pH

= 3,75

pH

= 4 0,25

[H+]

= 4 log 1,78

= 1,78 x 10-4 M

[H ]
c. Given

: pOH = 4,65

Asked

: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?

Answer

:
pOH

= 4,65
= 5 0,35

pOH
-

[OH ] = 5 log 2,24

[OH-] = 2,24 x 10-5 M
= 14 pOH

pH

= 14 4,65
pH

= 9,35
= 10 0,65

pH
+

d. Given

[H ]

= 10 log 4,47

[H+]

= 4,47 x 10-10 M

: pOH = 6,18

Asked

: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?

Answer

:
pOH

= 6,18

pOH

= 7 0,82

[OH-] = 7 log 6,61

[OH-] = 6,61 x 10-7 M
pH

= 14 pOH
= 14 6,18

e. Given

pH

= 7,82

pH

= 8 0,18

[H+]

= 8 log 1,51

[H+]

= 1,51 x 10-8 M

: pOH = 9,70

Asked

: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?

Answer

:
pOH

= 9,70

pOH

= 10 0,30

[OH-] = 10 log 1,995

[OH-] = 1,995 x 10-10 M
pH

= 14 pOH
= 14 9,70

12. Given

pH

= 4,30

pH

= 5 0,70

[H+]

= 5 log 5,01

[H+]

= 5,01 x 10-5 M

Ma = 1 x 10-2mol/liter

Questions : pH ?
Answer :
[H+]

= x . Ma
= 1 . 1 x 10-2 mol/liter
= 1 x 10-2mol/liter

pH

= - log [1 x 10-2]
=2

13.

Given

: M = 0,005M

Questions

: pH ?

Answer

[H+] = x . Ma
= 1 x 5 x 10-3

pH = - log [ H+]
= - log 5 x 10-3

= 5 x 10-3

= 3 - log 5
= 2,3

14.

Given

: m NaOH
V larutan
MrNaOH

= 6.0 gram
= 1.00 L
= 40

Question

: pOH and pH = .....?

Answer

[NaOH]

x
= 0.15 M

[OH-]

= 0.15 M
= 1.5 x 10-1 M

pOH

= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.5 x 10-1
= 1 - log 1.5
= 0.824

pH

= 14 - 0.824
= 13.176

15. Given :
Mass of Ba(OH)2 = 0.837 g
Mr Ba(OH)2

= 171

= 100 mL

Question: pOH and pH of solution = ?

Answer :

16. Given

: pH Ca(OH)2 = 11.60

Questions :Molaritas ?
Answer

pOH

= 14 11,60

= 2,4
= 3 11.60
[OH-]

=3,98 . 10-3

[OH-]

=M x

3,98 . 10-3 = M . 2
M

= 1,99 x 10-3 M

17. Given

: pH HCl = 2,50
V = 250 ml = 0,25 L

Questions : grams of HCl?

Answer :
[H+] = 3 0,5
[H+] = 3,16 x 10-3

[H+]

= M .x

3,16 . 10-3 = M . 1
3,16 . 10-3 = M
M = n/V
n = M. V
n = 3,16 . 10-3 . 0,25
n = 0,79 . 10-3

18. Answer :
a. HNO2

H+ + NO2-

b. H3PO4

H+ + H2PO4-

c. HAsO42- H+ AsO43d. (CH3)3NH+

H+ (CH3)3N

19. Answer :
a. HNO2

H+ + NO2-

b. H3PO4

H+ + H2PO4-

c. HAsO42- H+ AsO43-

d. (CH3)3NH+

H+ (CH3)3N

CH3
20.

a. (CH3)3N + H2O CH3 N H+ + OHCH3

b. AsO43- + H2O HAsO42- + OHc. NO2- + H2O HNO2 + OHCH3
d. (CH3)2N2H2 + H2O H N NH2 + OHCH3

21. Given:

a. (CH3)3N
b. AsO43c. NO2d. (CH3)2N2H2

Asked : Kb expression?
Answer :
a. (CH3)3N + H2O

(CH3)3NH+ + OH-

b. AsO43- +H2O
H3AsO4 + H2O

c. NO2- + H2O

As(OH)5

C6H5COOH + NaOH
C6H5COOH

23.

H3AsO4 + 3OH-

HNO2 + OH-

d. (CH3)2N2H2 + H2O

22.

(CH3)3NH3+ + OH-

C6H5COONa + H2O

C6H5COO- + H+

C6H5CO2- + H2O C6H5OH + OH-

Kb =
24. pKa HCN = 9.21 Ka HCN = 6.1710-10
pKa HF = 3.17 Ka HF = 6.7610-4

Kb CN =

Kb F =

= 0.1610-4

= 0.1510-10

So, the strong Bronsted base is CN

25.

26.

Given

: Ka for HF = 6.8x10-4

Questions

: What is Kb for F-?

Answer

HF

H+ + F-

Kw

= Ka x Kb

10-14

= 6.8x10-4 x Kb

Kb

= 1.47x10-11

Kw

= Kb x Ka

10-14

= 1,0 x 10 -10 x Ka

Ka

Ka = 10 -4
28. Given

: Kb of CH3NH2 = 4.4 x 10-4

Questions: Ka= ...?

Answer :

29. Given

: Ka = 1.4 x 10-4
T =25oC

Question : Kb . . .?

Answer

Kw = Ka xKb
10-14 = 1.4 x 10-4 x Kb
Kb
= 7.14 x 10-11

Kb

30. Given : the formula : HIO3 H+ + IO3pKa = 0.77

Questions : a. formula Kb ?
b. Its is conjugate base a stronger or a weaker base than the acetate ion?
Answer :
a.

pKa

= 0.77

Ka = 5,88 x 10 -1
Ka x Kb = 10-14
Kb
= 1,7 x 10-14
b. Ka CH3COO- = 1,8 x 10-5
Kb CH3COO- = 5,5 x 10-10
SO, HIO3= is stronger conjugate base then acetate ion.
31. Given

: 0.1 M HIO4
[H+] = 3.8 x 10-2mol L-1

Question : Ka and pKa.?

Answer

( 3.8 x 10-2 )2 = Ka x 0.1

1.44 x 10-3= Ka x 0.1
Ka =
Ka = 1.44 x 10-2
pKa= -log Ka
= -log (1.44 x 10-2)
= 2 - log 1.44
32. Given

: [HC2H2ClO2] = 0,10 M dan =11 %

Asked

: KadanpKa....?

Answer

0,11
Ka = (0,11)2 x 0,1
Ka = 1,21 . 10-3
Ka= 3 - log 1,21
pKa = - log Ka

pKa= - log 1,21. 10-3

33. Given

: Ethylamine M = 0.1 mol/L

pH = 11.86

Asked

: Kb and pKb ?

Answer

pH = 11.86 so pOH = 14 - 11.86 = 2.14

[OH-] = 7.2 x 10-3

7.2 x 10-3
5.184 x 10-5 : 0.1 = Kb
Kb = 5.184 x 10-4
34. Given

: M HONH2 = 0.15 M

pH = 10.12,

so pOH = 3.88 [OH-] = 10-3.88

Asked

: Kb ?andpKb ?

Answer

: [OH-] =
10-3.88 =
10 -7.76 =
Kb
Kb = 1.158 x 10 -7

pKb = - Log Kb
= - Log 1.158 x 10 -7
= 7 Log 1.158
= 6.936
35. Given

: HONH2
M = 0.15 mol/lt
pH = 10.12
Kb = 1.15x10-7 (from exercise 34)

Asked

:?

Answer

:
=

36.

= 0.000878

Given :
Ma = 0.125 mol/liter
Ka = 3,2 x 10-3

Asked : pH?
Answer :
[H+]

=
=

= 2 x 10-2
pH

= - log [2 x 10-2]
= 2 - log 2
= 2 - 0.301
= 1.699

37.

Given : Ma HN3 : 0,15 mol/liter

Ka :1,8 x 10-5
Asked : pH?
Answer : [H+] =
=
=
= 1.64 x 10-3

pH = - log [ H+]
= -log 1.64 x 10-3
= 3 - log 1.64
38. Given

: [H2O2]

= 1.0 M

Ka

= 1.8 x 10-2

Asked

: pH = ....?

Answer

: H2O2
[H+]

O2 + 2H+ + 2e=

=
= 0.134 M
pH

= - log [H+]
= - log 0.134
= 0.87

39. Given : M HC6H5O

= 0.050 mol/L
= 1.3 x 10-10

Ka
Asked : [H+] = ?

% HC6H5O ioniozed= ?
Answer:

HC6H5O

C6H5O
0

H+

0.05

2.55 x 10-6

2.55 x 10-6

2.55 x 10-6

0.05 - 2.55 x 10-6

2.55 x 10-6

2.55 x 10-6

40. Given

: pKb of Cod = 5,79

M of Cod = 0,020 M

Asked

: pH of Cod = ?

Answer

:
pKb = - log Kb
Kb = 10 -5,79 = 10 -6

pOH = - log [OH-]

= - log (1,41.10-4)
= 4 log 1,41
= 4 0,15
= 3,85
pH = pKw pOH
= 14 3.85
= 10,15
41. Given

: pKb of ND3= 4,96

Kb = 1,096.10-5
M of ND3 = 0,20 M
T = 25C

Asked

: pH of ND3 = ?

Answer

pOH = - log [OH-]

= - log (1,48.10-3)
= 3 log 1,48
= 3 0,17
= 2,83
pH = pKw pOH
= 14 2,83
= 11,17
42. Given

: pH of CH3COOH = 2,54

Asked

: M of CH3COOH = ...?

Answer

pH = - log [H+]
2,54 = - log [H+]
[H+] = 10-2,54
[H+] = 2,88 x 10-3

43. The sodium salt of aspirin is basic, because it from acetylsalyclic acid and sodium hydroxide.
Weak acid with strong base want to produce basic salt or if sodium hydroxide dissolved in
water to produce acetylsalicyclic acid and OHHAcetylsalicyclic + OH-

NaAcetylsalicyclic + H2O

44. K2C2O4 is base because K2C2O4 a salt formed from a strong base and a weak acid to be base
salt. K2C2O4 can be obtained from the reaction of a strong base and a weak acid that is KOH
H2C2O4.
reaction:
H2C2O4 + 2 KOH K2C2O4 + 2 H2O
base
45. a. Acidic is (NH4)2SO4 and CsNO3
b. Basic is KF, KCN, KC2H3O2
c. Neutral is NaI and KBr
46. Based onthe Lewis acid-base theory, AlCl3 is acidic compounds because it cannot yet
reached the central atom an octet configuration or can be said to still have vacant orbitals
(empty). Thus, a solution ofAlCl3 can change the color of litmus paper blue to red due to the
acid characteristic.
47. In the periodic system of elements, Be is located above Ca so it is more likely to be acidic
because of the periodic system of elements in one group the greater the atomic number or
from top to the down it will be more likely to be basic. So, beryllium ion is a more acidic
cation than the calcium ion.
48. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
NH4NO3

NH4+

NO3

NH4+

H2O

NO3

H2O

NH3

H3O+

If any this compound in the ground, the acidity of the moisture in the ground will increase.
There is H3O+ as a product from the chemical equations above.

Na+

Na+

H2O

H2O

49. NaCN

CN

CN-

HCN +

OH-

[NaCN] = 0.20 M
Ka

= 6.2 x 10-10

[OH-]

=
=
=
= 1.796 x10-3

pOH

= 3 - Log 1.796

pH

= 14 (3 - Log 1.796)
= 11 + Log 1.796
= 11.25

K+

K+

H2O

NO2-

H2O

[KNO2]

= 0.04 M

Ka

= 4.3 x 10-4

[OH-]

50. KNO2

NO2HNO2 +

OH-

=
=
= 9.64 x10-7
pOH

= 7 - Log 9.64

pH

= 14 (7 - Log 9.64)
= 7 + Log 9.64
= 7.98

51. CH3NH3Cl
ClCH3NH3

CH3NH3+

Cl-

H2O

CH3NH2

[CH3NH3Cl]

= 0.15 M

Kb

= 4.4 x 10-4

[H+]

=
=
=
= 1.846 x10-6

pH

= 6 - Log 1,846
= 5.73

52. Given :

0.15 M BHCl, pH = 4.28

BH+
0,15 M

Cl-

0,15

Questions :Kb for the base B = ...?

BHCl
0,15

H+

Answer :
pOH

= 14 - 4.28
= 9.72

[OH-]

= 10-9.27
= 1.9 x 10-10

[OH-]

1.9 x 10-10

3.61 x 10-20

= Kb x 0.15

Kb

= 24.067 x 10-20
= 2.4067 x 10-19

53.

Given : V H2O = 1.00 L

pH = 5.16
Mr NH4Br = 107
T 25oC
Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
Question

: massa of NH4Br . . .?

Answer

pH

5,16

- log

- log

- log

=
=
=
=

9,218 gram

54. Conjugate acid is BH+ that pKa = 5

BHOH BH+ + OHBHOH + HY BHY + H2O
BHY BH+ + Y-

[ OH-] =

=
=
=
= 10-5 x [BHY] x 10
pOH

= 5 - log [BHY]

pKa = 5, Ka = 10-5

pOH

= pKa HY

So, pKa less than 5

55. Given

: 0.2 M H-Mor+
pKb = 6.13

Question : pH.?
Answer

: pKb = 6.13
Kb = 10-pKb
= 10-6.13
Kb = 7.41 x 10-7

Mor

+ H2O

0.2 M

H-Mor+

+ OH-

0.2 M

[OH-]
=
= 7.41 x 10-7
pOH

= 7 - log 7.41
=6.13

So, pH = 14 - 6.13
= 7.87
56. Given

: Reaction : Qu + H2O
[H-

H-

] = 0.15 M, pKa = 8.52

+ H3O+

Questions :pH....?
Answer :pKa = 8.52
pKa = - log Ka
8,52 = - log Ka
Ka

= 3,02 x 10-9

[ H+ ] =
=
= 2,13 x 10-5
pH = 5 log 2.13 = 0.33
57. Initial concentration is unable to calculate equilibrium concentration when mole of both of
components which react is same.
58. Given : M HF= 0.15 M
Ka HF = 6.5 x 10-4
Asked
Solution :

: and pH ?
=

=
= 6,58 x 10-2
[H+] =
=
= 9.87 x 10-3

= - Log [H+]

pH

= - Log 9.87 x 10-3

= 3 - Log 9.87
= 2.01
59. Given

: CH3COOH
M = 0,0010 M
Ka = 1.8 x 10-5

Ask
Solution

: and pH ?
:=

=
= 1,34 x 10-1
[H+] =
=
= 1,34 x 10-4
pH = - Log [H+]
= - Log 1,34 x 10-4
= 4 - Log 1,34
= 4 0,13
= 3,87

- log 1 = 7

d. The error is produced by incorrectly using the simplifying assumption is 0% because the result
of point B and C is same.
62. pKa = 4,92
Ka = 5-log 1,2 = 1,2 x 10-5

pH

= 4 log 6
= 4 0.78
= 3,22

63. pKa = 4.01

Ka

= 5 log 9,77
= 9,77 x 10-5

pH

= 3 log 2,21
= 3 0,34
= 2,66

64. a. H2CO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaHCO3(aq) + H2O(l)

Ionic equation:
2H+(aq) + CO32-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) Na+(aq) + HCO3-(aq) + H2O (l)
Weak acid : H2CO3
Conjugation base : HCO3-

b. H3PO4(aq)+ NaOH(aq) NaH2PO4(aq) + H2O

Ionic equation:
3H+(aq) + PO43-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) Na+(aq) + H2PO4-(aq) + H2O(l)
NaH2PO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) Na2HPO4(aq) + H2O (l)
Ionic equation:
Na+(aq) + H2PO4-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH- (aq) 2Na+(aq) + HPO42-(aq) + H2O (l)
Weak acid : H2PO4Conjugation base : HPO42c. NH3(aq) + HCl(aq) NH4Cl (aq)
Ionic equation:
NH3(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Weak base : NH3
Conjugation acid : NH4+
65. Given : a. buffer 0.10 M NH4Cl and 1 M NH3
b. buffer1 M NH4Cl and 0.10 M NH3
Questions : buffer would be better able to hold a steady pH=?
Answer :
pH solution before added strong base
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
= 1,8. 10-4

= 4- log 1,8
pOH = 3,745
pH = 10,255
Ph of b solution before added strong acid
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
= 1,8. 10-6
= 6- log 1,8
pOH = 5,74
pH = 8,26
The pH of a solution after the adding of strong acid
For example the strong acid that added HCl 0.05 M

[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5

=1,8 .10-5
= 6. 10-6
= 6- log 6
pOH = 5,22
pH = 8,78

the pH of b solution after the adding of strong base

[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5

=1,8 .10-5
= 8,6. 10-7
= 7- log 8,6
pOH = 6,065
pH = 7,935
The pH of a solution changes before the adding of strong acid and pH of a solution after the
adding of strong acid = (10,255 - 8,78)
= 1,475
The pH of b solution before the adding of strong acid and pH of b solution after the adding
of strong base = (8,26 - 7,935)
= 0,325
The conclution is buffer solution that the pH is stabile is b solution because the pH changes
only 0,325
66. Given

: C2H2H3O2 H+ +C2H3O2M HC2H3O2: 0.15 M

M C2H3O2- : 0.25 M

Question
Answer

: pH .?
:

1.8 x 10-5

1.8 x 10-5 x 0.15 = 0.25 x [H+]

= [H+]
1.08 x 10-5
pH

= [H+]
= -log 1.08 x 10-5
= 5-log 1.08
= 5-0.033
= 4.967
= 4.97

67. Given

: M HC2H3O2

= 0.15 M

M C2H3O2-

= 0.25 M

Ka

= 1.8 x 10 -5

Question : pH use Kb from acetate ion ?

Answer

68.

Given : pH buffer = 4.98

mol of HCl

= 0.05 mol

volume = 1.00 L
mol of HC2H3O2 = 0.15 mol
mol of C2H3O2- = 0.25 mol
Ka HC2H3O2 = 1.8 x 10-5
Asked : the pH change after 0.050 mol of HCl is added to the buffer
Answer :
+ C2H3O2- (aq) HC2H3O2 (aq) +

HCl(aq)

Cl- (aq)

0.05 mol

0.25 mol

0.15 mol

-0.05 mol

-0.05 mol

+0.05 mol

+0.05 mol

0.20 mol

0.20 mol

0.05 mol

[H+]

= Ka .

pH

= log [H+]

= 1.8 x 10-5 x

= log 1.8 x 10-5

= 1.8 x 10-5

= 4.5

Change of pH = 4.98 4.5 = 0.48

69.

Given : pH buffer

= 4.98

mol of NaOH

= 0.005 mol

volume

= 0.50 L

Ka HC2H3O2

= 1.8 x 10-5

Asked : the pH change after 0.005 mol of NaOH is added to the buffer
Answer :
mol of HC2H3O2 = 0.15 M x 0.5 L = 0.075 mol
mol of C2H3O2- = 0.25 M x 0.5 L = 0.125 mol
NaOH(aq)
m

0.005 mol

+ HC2H3O2(aq)
0.075 mol

C2H3O2- (aq)
0.125 mol

Cl- (aq)
0

-0.005 mol

-0.005 mol

+0.005 mol

+0.005 mol

0.070 mol

0.130 mol

0.005 mol

[H+]

= Ka .

pH

= log [H+]

= 1.8 x 10-5 x

= log 9.69 x 10-6

= 9.69 x 10-6

=5

Change of pH = 5 4.98 = 0.02

70. Given :

Kb NH3 = 1.8 x 10-5

We assumed the volume of solution : 1L
M NH3 : 0.25 M
MNH4+ : 0.14 M

Question : pH ?
Answer :
mol of NH3 : 0.25 M x 1 = 0.25 mol
mol of NH4+ : 0.14 M x 1 = 0.14 mol
a. NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+(aq) + OH[OH-] =Kb .
= Kb .
= Kb .
= 1.8 x 10-5 . 1.7857143
= 3.21428574 x 10-5
pOH = 5 - log 2.21428574
pOH = 4.492915518
pH = 9.5

b.

= 5.56 x 10 -10

Ka =
[H+]

= Ka .
= 5.56 x 10 -10 x
= 5.56 x 10 -10 x 0.56
= 3.11 x 10-10

pH

= 10 - log 3.11
= 9.5

71. Given

: Buffer = 0.25 M NH3 and 0.14 M NH4+ 1.00 L

pH Buffer : 9.5

Asked

: the change of pH if 0.020 mol HCl is added to 1.00 L.?

Answered : the mol of NH3= 0.25 M x 1.00 L = 0.25 mol

The mol of NH4+ = 0.14 M x 1.00 L = 0.14 mol
*If using Kb of NH3
If added 0.020 mol HCl
NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq)

NH4+

0.25mol

0.020mol

0.14 mol

-0.02mol

-0.02mol

+0.02mol

0.23mol

0.16mol

[OH-] = Kb .
= 1.8 x 10-5 x

= 2.6 x 10-5
pOH

= 5 - log 2.6
= 5 - 0.41
= 4.59

pH

= 14 - 4.59 = 9.41

the change of pH = 9.5 - 9.41 = 0.09

*If using Ka of NH4+
If added 0.020mol HCl
[H+] = Ka .
= 5.56 x 10 -10 x
= 5.56 x 10 -10 x 0.7
= 3.892 x 10 -10
pH = 10 - log 3.892
pH

= 9.41

Change of pH = 9.5 - 9.41 = 0.09

72. Given :

0,02 ml HCl 0,1 M

0,25 M NH3 1,00 L
1,00 L NH4+ 0,14M

Question: the change of pH??

Answer: The mol of base = 0.25 M x 1.00 L = 0.25 mol
The mol of conjugate acid = 0.14 M x 1.00 L = 0.14 mol

With NH3
[OH-] = Kb .
= 1,8 x10-5 .
= 3,2 x10-5
pOH = -log 3,2 x 10-5
= 5 log 3,2
= 5 0,50 = 4,5
pH = 14 - 4,5= 9,5
Mol HCl 0,02 ml x 1,00 M
HCl

NH3

NH4Cl

M 0,020 mmol

0,25 mmol

0,14 mmol

-0,020 mmol

+0,020 mmol

0,023 mmol

0,160 mmol

-0,020 mmol
-

[OH-] = Kb .
= 1,8 x10-5 .
= 2,58 x10-5
pOH = -log 2,58 x 10-5
= 5 log 2,58
= 5 0,41
= 4,59

pH

= 14 - 4,59 = 9,41

the change of pH = 9,5 9,41= 0,09

With NH4+
[H+] = Ka .
= 10-5 .
= 0,56 x10-5
pH = -log 0,56 x 10-6
= 6 log 5,6
= 6 0,75 = 5,75
[H+] = Ka .
= 10-5 .
= 0,7 x10-5
pOH = -log 0,7 x 10-5
= 5 log 0,7
= 5 0,15 = 4,84
73.

Given:

75 ml 0.10 M KOH added to 200 ml buffer of 0.25 M NH3 and 0.14 M NH4+

Question : The Change of pH??

Answer :
Mol of KOH 75 mlx 0,1 M = 7,5 mmol
Mol of NH3 200 ml x 0,25 M = 50 mmol

Mol of NH4+ 200 ml x 0,14 M = 28 mmol

[OH-] = Kb .
= 1,8 x10-5 .
= 1,78 x10-5
pOH = -log 1,78 x 10-5
= 5 log 1,78
= 5 0,25 = 4,75
pH = 14 - 4,5 = 9,25
NH4+(aq)

OH(aq)

NH3(aq) +

H2O(l)

28 mmol

7.5 mmol

50 mmol

7.5 mmol

7.5 mmol

7.5 mmol

20.5 mmol

57.5 mmol

[OH-] = Kb .
= 1,8 x10-5 .
= 5,05 x10-5
pOH = -log 5,05 x 10-5
= 5 log 5,05
= 5 0,70 = 4,30
pH = 14 - 4,30= 9,70
the change of pH is 9,70-9,25 = 0,45

74. Given : 1.0 L of 0.15 M acetic acid (pKa 4.74 = 1,8 x 10-5)
A buffer pH is 5,00 = 10-5
Question : how many grams od sodium asetate??
Answer :
Mol of asetic acid 1.0 L x 0.15 M= 0,15 mol
[H+]
10-5

= Ka .
= 1,8 x10-5 .

10-5 x = 0,27 x 10-5

x = 0,27 mol
Mass of sodium asetate = mol x mr of sodium asetate

75. Given

massa

= 0,27mol x 82

massa

= 22,14 gram

: 1.0 L of 0.12 M formic acid (Pka 3.74 = 1,8 x 10-4)

a buffer for pH 3.80 = 0,2 x 10-4

Question : how many grm of sodium formate??

Answer :
Mol of formic acid = 1.0 L x 0.12 M = 0,12 mol

10-5 x

[H+]

= Ka .

0,2 x 10-5

= 1,8 x10-4 .

= 1,08 x 10-4

x = 0,108 mol
Mass of sodium asetate = mol x mr of sodium formate
massa

= 0,108mol x 68

massa

= 7.344 gram

75. Given : buffer a solution have pH 9.25

Question : what the ratio of NH4Cl to NH3??
Answer:
[H+]

= Kb.

5,6 x 10-10= 1,8 x10-5 .

=
=
76.

Known :

500 ml of NH3 0,20 M

Mole of NH3 = V x M
= 500 ml x 0,20
= 100 mmole
pH buffer = 10,00
Kb NH3 = 1,8 x 10-5
Mr NH4Cl = 53,5

Question :
Answer :

mass of NH4Cl = ...?

pH = 10

pOH = 4

[OH-]

10-4

[OH-] = 10-4

10-5 x

Mole of NH4Cl

Mole of NH4Cl

Mole of NH4Cl

= 18 mmol

Mass of NH4Cl

= mole x Mr NH4Cl
= 18 x 53,5
= 963 mgram
= 0,963 gram

77.

Known :

125 ml of NH3 0,10 M

Mole of NH3 = V x M
= 125 x 0,1
= 12,5mmol

Question :

Kb NH3

= 1,8 x 10-5

pH

= 9,15

mass of NH4Cl = ...?

Answer :
pH = 9,15

pOH = 4,85

[OH-] = 1,4 x 10-5

[OH-]

1,4 x 10-5

10-5 x

Mole of NH4Cl

Mole of NH4Cl

Mole of NH4Cl

= 16,07mmol

Mass of NH4Cl

= mole x Mr NH4Cl
= 16,07 x 53,5
= 859,75mgram
= 0,859 gram

78.

Known :

25 ml of HCl 0,1 mol

Mole of HCl = V x M
= 25 x 0,1
= 2,5mmol
= 0,0025mol
Mole of CH3COOH = 0,1mol
Mole of CH3COONa = 0,11mol
Ka CH3COOH

Question :
a. The initial of pH =...?
The final of pH =...?

= 1,82 x 10-5

b. the pH if the same amount of HCl solution were added to 125 ml of pure water =...?
Answer :
a. [H+]

=
=

10-5 x

= 16,54 x 10-6
= 1,65 x 10-5
= 5 log 1,65

pH

= 5 0,21
= 4,79
So, the initial of pH = 4,79
HCl

+ CH3COONa

NaCl

0,0025

0,11

0,1

0,0025

0,0025

0,0025

0,0025

0,1075

0,1025

0,0025

[H+]

10-5 x

10-5 x

= 1,735 x 10-5
pH

CH3COOH

= 5 log 1,735

= 5 0,239
= 4,761
So, the final pH = 4,761
b. The pH if the same amount of HCl solution were added to 125 ml of pure water is
same 4,761. Addition of water in the buffer solution, the pH will be constant bacause
the determinant of pH is the number of mol not the concentration of buffer.

79.

Known :

HCl = 0,15 M
Volume of buffer = 100 ml
pH buffer from no.78 = 4,79

Question :
a. Volume of HCl to make the pH decrease by 0,05 pH unit = ...?
b. volume of the same HCl solution would, if added to 100 ml of pure water, make the
pH decrease by 0,05 pH unit = ...?
Answer :
HCl

+ CH3COONa

0,11
a
0,11 - a

= 4,79 - 0,05
= 4,74

[H+]

= 1,82 x 10-5

NaCl

0,1
a

a. pH buffer from no.78 = 4,79

pH after

CH3COOH

a
0,1 + a

[H+]

1,82 x 10-5

10-5 x

1,82 x 10-5 x (0,11 a)

10-5 x (0,1 + a)

(2 x 10-6) - (1,82 x 10-5 a)

= (1,82 x 10-6) + (1,82 x 10-5 a)

(2 x 10-6) - (1,82 x 10-6)

= (1,82 x 10-5 a) + (1,82 x 10-5 a)

1,8 x 10-7

= 3,64 x 10-5 a

=
= 5x 10-3

= 0,005 mol
Mole of HCl

= 0,005 mol

Volume of HCl

=
=
= 0,033 litre
= 33 ml

b. Amount of HCl which added was same is 33 ml. The buffer solution is added with
water the pH is constant not change.
80.

In acid base titration, equivalence point can reach at pH is not 7, its mean that one of
solution is same or its weak base. The indicator choosing is very important to effort the
titration process because to know the end point of titration with the change color of the
solution, with the Ph range that estimated until the indicator choosing is not false.

81.

Methyl red is a better indicator than phenolphtalein in the titration of dilute ammonia by
dilute hydrochloric acid because the result of ammonia and hydrochloric acid is a solution

that has pH < 7 ( influenced by hydrochloric acid as a strong acid and ammonia is a weak
base ). Which is pH range of methyl red is 4.4 -6.2 and pH range of phenolphtalein is 8.3 10.0
82. For titrating potassium hydroxide with hydrobromic acid we can use few indicators. The
indicators are metil red indicator, bromtimol blue indicator, and phenolphthalein indicator.
Titrating potassium hydroxide with hydrobromic acid is example of titration strong base and
strong acid. The equivalen point is occur in value pH 7 (neutral). The color of indicators can
be change around the equivalen point. Therefore the change of color in the phenolphthalein
indicator is sharper (more noticeable), so the phenolphthalein indicator is more frequently
used.
83. The quantities of reactans ought to be true at the equivalence point when the equivalence
mole of acid is as same as the equivalence mole of base in the titration.
84. Given : M formic acid : 0.10 M
V formic acid : 50 ml
M NaOH : 0.10 M
Asked : what is the pH at the equivalence point?
Answer :
Mol HCOOH = MolNaOH
M1 . V1= M2 . V2
0.10 . 50 = 0.10 V2
V2 = 50 ml
MolNaOH = M. V

Mol HCOOH = M. V

= 0.10 . 50

= 0.10 . 50

= 5 mmol

= 5 mmol

HCOOH + NaOH NaCOOH + H2O

Ka

-5

-5

+5

+5

= 1.8 x 10-5

85. Given:

V NH3 = 25 mL
M NH3 = 0.10 mol/L
Kb NH3= 1.8 x 10-5
M HBr = 0.10 mol/L

Asked : pH at equivalence point and good indicator

Answer:
At equivalence point means that the number of acid moles equal to the moles of base.

NH3

HBR

NH4Br

2.5 mmol

2.5 mmol

2.5 mmol

2.5 mmol

2.5 mmol

86.

Given

: [HCl]

2.5 mmol

= 0.1000 M

[NaOH]

= 0.1000 M

V HCl

= 25 mL

MolHCl

= 25 ml x 0.1000 M = 2.5 mol

Asked

: pH and the titration curve

Solution

= ...?

a. V NaOH = 0 mL
MolNaOH = 0 x 0.1000M = 0
HCl

NaOH

NaCl + H2O

M 2.5 mol

0
2.5 mol

[HCl]

=
= 0.1 M

[H+]

= valence x [HCl]
=1 x 0.1 M
= 0.1 M

pH

= - log [H+]
= - log 0.1
=1

b. V NaOH

= 10.00 ml

MolNaOH = 10.00 ml x 0.1000 M

= 1 mol
HCl

+ NaOH

M 2.5 mol

NaCl + H2O

1mol

R 1mol 1mol

1mol

S 1.5mol

1mol 1mol

[HCl]

1mol

=
= 0.043 M

[H+]

= valence x [HCl
= 1 x 0.043 M
= 0.043 M
= - log [H+]

pH

= - log 0.043
= 1.37
c. V NaOH = 24.90 mL
MolNaOH = 24.90 mL x 0.1000 M
= 2.49 mol
HCl

+ NaOH

NaCl + H2O

M 2.5mol 2.49mol
R 2.49mol 2.49 mol

2.49mol 2.49mol

S 0.01mol

2.49mol 2.49mol

[HCl]

= 2.0 x 10-4 M
[H+]

= valence x [HCl]
= 1 x (2.0 x 10-4)
= 2.0 x 10-4 M
= - log [H+]

pH

= - log 2.0 x 10-4

= 3.698

d. V NaOH = 24.99 mL
MolNaOH = 24.99 ml x 0.1000 M
= 2.499 mol
HCl

+ NaOH

M 2.5mol

2.499mol

NaCl +
0

H2O
0

R 2.499mol 2.499mol

2.499mol 2.499mol

S 1x10-3mol

2.499mol 2.499mol

[HCl]

=
= 2.0 x 10-5 M

[H+]

= valence x [HC]
=1 x (2.0x10-5)
= 2.0 x 10-5 M

pH

= - log [H+]

= - log 2.0 x 10-5

= 4.7
e. V NaOH = 25.00 mL
MolNaOH = 25 ml x 0.1000 M
= 2.5 mol

HCl

+ NaOH

NaCl + H2O

M 2.5mol 2.5mol

R 2.5mol 2.5mol

2.5mol

2.5mol

2.5mol

2.5mol

Titration in equivalent point

pH = 7 (neutral)

f.

V NaOH = 25.01 mL
MolNaOH = 25.01 ml x 0.1000M
= 2.501 mol
HCl

+ NaOH

NaCl + H2O

M 2.5mol

2.501mol

R 2.5mol

2.5mol

2.5mol 2.5mol

1x10-3 mol

S 0
[NaOH]

2.5mol 2.5mol

= 1.9996 x 10-5 M
[OH-]

= valence x [NaOH]
= 1 x (1.9996 x 10-5)
= 1.9996 x 10-5 M

pOH

= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.9996 x 10-5
= 4.699

pH

= 14 - 4.699
= 9.3

g. V NaOH = 25.10 mL
MolNaOH = 25.10 ml x 0.1000 M
= 25.1 mol
HCl

+ NaOH

NaCl + H2O

M 2.5mol

2.51mol

R 2.5mol

2.5 mol

2.5mol 2.5 mol

S 0

0.01mol

2.5mol 2.5 mol

[NaOH]

=
= 1.996 x 10-4 M

[OH-]

= valence x [NaOH]
= 1 x (1.996 x 10-4)

= 1.996 x 10-4 M
pOH

= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.996 x 10-4
= 3.7

pH

= 14 - 3.7
= 10.3

h. V NaOH = 26.00 mL
MolNaOH= 26 ml x 0.1000 M
= 2.6 mol
HCl

+ NaOH

NaCl + H2O

M 2.5mol

2.6mol

R 2.5mol

2.5 mol

2.5mol 2.5mol

S -

0.1 mol

2.5mol 2.5mol

[NaOH]

=
= 1.96 x 10-3 M

[OH-]

= valence x [NaOH]
= 1 x (1.96 x 10-3)
= 1.96 x 10-3 M

pOH

= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.96 x 10-3

= 2.7
pH

= 14 - 2.7
= 11.3

i.

V NaOH = 50.00 mL
MolNaOH = 50 ml x 0.1000 M
= 5 mol
HCl

+ NaOH

NaCl + H2O

M 2.5mol

5mol

R 2.5mol

2.5mol

2.5mol

2.5mol

2.5mol

2.5mol

2.5mol

[NaOH]

=
= 0.033 M

[OH-]

= valence x [NaOH]
= 1 x (0.033)
= 0.033 M

pOH

= - log [OH-]
= - log 0.033
= 1.477

pH

= 14 - 1.477
= 12.523

87. pKa

= 1. Given :

= 25 mL

= 0.1000 mol/L = 10-1 mol/L

Ka

= 1.8 x 10-5

Question :
Calculate pH=
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution,
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added,
c. After half of the HC2H302 has been neutralized, and
d. At the equivalence point.
Answer :
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution, it means calculate pH of a weak acid.

b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added means that we calculate pH of acid buffer.

CH3COOH + NaOH
B

2.5 mmol

1 mmol

1.5 mmol

1 mmol
1 mmol
-

CH3COONa + H2O
1 mmol
1 mmol

1 mmol
1 mmol

c. At a half of the HC2H3O2 means that the number of acid moles equal to a half the moles
of base.
CH3COOH + NaOH

CH3COONa + H2O

2.5 mmol

1.25 mmol

1.25 mmol

1.25 mmol

1.25 mmol

1.25 mmol

1.25 mmol

1.25 mmol

1.25 mmol

log1.8

= 4.744

d. At equivalence point means that the number of acid moles equal to the moles of base.
CH3COOH + NaOH
B

2.5 mmol

2.5 mmol

2.5 mmol

2.5 mmol

CH3COONa + H2O
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol

2.5 mmol

2.5 mmol

88. Known

: 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M NH3

Asked : pH.?
Answer : [OH-] =
=
=
= 10 -3
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 10-3
=3
pH

= pKw - pOH

= 14 - 3
= 11
So, pH of NH3 before the addition of any HCl solution are11

a. Known : Moles of NH3 = n x M = 25 x 0.1 = 2.5 mmol

Moles of HCl = n x M = 10 x 0.1 = 1 mmol
Asked : pH after mixed.?
Answer:

NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)

NH4Cl(aq)

Before: 2,5

React:

After :

1.5mmol -

[OH-] = Kb x
= 10-5 x
= 1.5 x 10-5
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 1.5 x 10-5
= 5 - log 1.5
= 5 - 0.176
= 4.824

1 mmol

pH

= pKw - pOH
= 14 - 4.824
= 9.176

So, pH after 10.00 mL of HCl has been added were 9.176

b. Asked

: pH after half the NH3 has been neutralized.?

Answer :

NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)

NH4Cl(aq)

Before: 2,5

1.25

React:

1.25

1.25

1.25

After : 1.25 mmol -

1.25 mmol

[OH-] = Kb x
= 10-5 x
= 10-5
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 10-5
=5
pH

= pKw - pOH
= 14 - 5
=9

So, pH after half of the NH3 has been neutralized were 9

c. Asked

: pH at the equivalence point.?

Answer :

NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)

NH4Cl(aq)

Before: 2,5

2.5

React:

2.5

2.5

2.5

After :

2.5 mmol

Looking for volume total:

Moles of NH3 = moles of HCl
25 x 0.1 = V x 0.1
V = 25 mL

[H+] =

=
=
= 0,7 x 10 -5
pH

= - log [H+]
= - log 0,7 x 10 -5
= 5 - log 0.7
= 5 - (-0.15)
= 5.15

So, pH at the equivalence point are 5.15