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ENERGY DISSIPATORS
by:
Dr. Zahiraniza Mustaffa
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ENERGY DISSIPATORS
General Contents:
Introduction
Energy Dissipators
Stilling Basins
Design considerations
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Reservoir
Dam
Hydraulic jump
Energy Dissipator
Structures
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ENERGY DISSIPATORS
Introduction
Problem Statement:
When water is released through the
spillway, it carries a significant amount of
energy.
If no structures were built at the downstream
section of the spillway, this huge amount
of energy will destroy the river bed (or
anything located near the area).
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Solutions:
Use energy dissipators, which are able to:
Dissipate the amount of energy released
from the spillway.
Slow down (reduce the velocity) the
tailwater flow
Protect any structures located at the
downstream section of the dam
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High flow
(supercritical)
Hydraulic Low flow
(subcritical)
jump
Energy Dissipator
Structures
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Energy Dissipators
Examples of energy dissipators:
Stilling basins
Drops/Steps e.g. Stepped spillway
Roller/Flip Buckets
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Baffle Blocks
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Stilling Basins
Stilling basin is a basin comprises small
structures like baffles, sills and chute blocks.
When heavy flow (from u/s of dam) hits these
structures, the energy of the water will be
dissipated. Thus, water flowing d/s will be
weaker than the u/s. Is it good? Why?
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y1
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F1
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F1
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BASIN TYPE
Basin I
Basin II
Basin III
Chute blocks (u/s end), baffle blocks (middle) and end sill
(d/s
end).
Basin IV
Basin V
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DESCRIPTION
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Design Considerations
Some concerns when designing stilling basin:
To determine basin width and elevation so that
a stable hydraulic jump is formed within the
basin.
To avoid the jump neither swept out of the
basin nor drowned.
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ii.
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TW
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Elev. 100 ft
Elev. 50 ft
Elev. 20 ft
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