TSL3143 CS MyNotes

N o te b o o k :

2 PPG

C r e a te d :

23/05/2015 8:12 PM

U p d a te d :

23/05/2015 10:28 PM

1. The difference between a curriculum and syllabus.

Curriculum is a very general concept, which involves consideration of the whole complex of
philosophical, social and administrative factors, which contribute to the planning of an
educational programme.
Syllabus, on the other hand, refers the subpart of curriculum, which is concerned with a
specification of what units will be taught
2. Roles of parents and school administrators in designing the Malaysian curriculum
School Admin:
Ensuring teachers execute the curriculum
Providing facilities for teaching & learning
Parents:
Give support through financial resources
Help in monitoring child's homeworks
Provide resources for children
Help teachers in monitoring the child's behaviour
3. Examples of the hidden curriculum and its positive value to the students
Inculcating positive values and attitudes
Love for school and nation
Respect for teachers and elders
Have a sense of justice; right and wrong
Have autonomy and democracy
Cleanliness
Tidiness
Punctuality
Obedience
Discipline
Hard working
~ any positive values
4. Teachers factors that influence the selection of content in curriculum implementation in
schools
Professional Adequacy
Ability and competence to teach the curriculum
Profesional Knowledge
Expertise & understanding different ways of teaching
School ethos
The importance of T&L
Professional support
Chance to receive ongoing curriculum upskilling
5.The importance of professional attitude of teachers in the implementation of curriculum
Teachers as an active agent to make good educational decisions by having an optimistic
outlook and concern towards the curriculum as well as has the enthusiasm to teach.

6. Other factors, which are not mentioned in 5, that need to be addressed to provide
opportunities for teachers who will implement a new curriculum.
Program Philosophy - important for teachers to understand both the philosophy behind the
curriculum as how it will impact the stakeholders
Pedagogy - Teachers need oppurtunities to become familliar with the new curriculum and
work on particular skills
Components of the new curriculum - Teachers need the chance to learn the new
components as early as possible. New components need new approaches and teachers
have to be accustomed with the new things.
7. Roles of a teacher
Decison maker - teachers need to decide on how to carry out the lessons, chosing the
topics an dskills to be taught
Analysts - able to analyse own strength and weaknesses
Practitioner - Able to use varied strategies, techniques and approaches. Able to identify
suitable pedagogical skills in T&L
Researcher - Able to do reserach on own teaching techniques in order to increase
knowledge and understanding of practices and increases teaching skills
8. The meaning of fidelity or mutual adaptation approach.
Fidelity Approach:
Loyal to prescribed curriculum
Follow all materials given without any adaptation
Feels that if do any changes will short-change the children.
Example: Use books provided without ant adaptation even though realize that it is not
suitable
Mutual adaptation approach:
Implement the curriculum as prescribed but with adaptation
Changes made to ensure the curriculum remain relevant and useful.
Example: Using books provided but made changes to simplify the contents to suit
children's ability
9. Define the following terms.
Curriculum changes:
Any attempt to bring change in the curriculum of a school or school system.
Curriculum innovation:
New efforts to bring improvement to curriculum. Need human intervention.
10. Three factors that can restrict curriculum innovation.
Low level of profesionalism
Not aware of the importance of innovations
Some are not even aware on how innovation takes place
Weak Educational Support:
Lack of support from stakeholders
Insufficient materials and fundings
Lack of adequate time to carry out the reform
Insufficient level of training
Low innovational environment
Limited resources

11. The forces that drive change in the Malaysian education system.
Complexity:
Demands from various government and interest groups
Changes in leadership - new ideas
Changes in policy - new focus for success / skills
Credibility:
Demands from the stakeholders
The need for children to compete for the future
Technology:
The need to be tech savvy
Students need to be exposed to new tech
Students will not be left behind
Has the same international standard
Best Practices:
Changes in learning challenges
Teachers need to expand their roles
Teachers need to adapt.
12. Human Aspect in Curriculum Development
Soft Skills:
Often ignored
Students' feelingsn and beliefs are ignored
Constrain what students learn
Limit inquiry and creativity
Taba's Model
does not specify objectives as a starting point
Risky - Curriculum design became basically little more than an exercise in
solving a series of problems
Hidden Curriculum:
Values and attitudes learnt indirectly
Human aspect is not given importance
Unintended learning objectives are left out
Over emphasizes measurable objectives
Taba's Model
Allows flexibility in learning
Does not allow other forms of learning to take place.
13. UNESCO's 21st Century Competencies
Communication:
Integration of ICT in T&L
Ensure students knowledgeable and skillfull with tech
In par with the world's tech progress
Critical thinking and problem solving:
Emphasis on HOTS
Use of iThink as tools
Collaboration:
Introduction of RIMUP to foster collaboration
Better integration among pupils
Creativity:
Integration of Language Arts
To develop creativity

14. Effectiveness of the evaluation processes based on the NEP

Should involve total educational program
The effectiveness of instruction
The achievement of students
The curriculum planner can determine the goals have been met
The goals of NEP - to produce well rounded individuals
Holistic - cognitive, affective, social, aesthetic, psychomotor, spiritual
Assesment are mailny summative for the cognitive domain
The affective domain is critical for learning but not officially done
The psychomotor domain - through PBS, PAJSK is done to asess students. (Penilaian
Aktiviti Jasmani, Sukan dan Kokurikulum)
The aesthetic and sociial values are also assesed through the 6th band in the PBS system