Question-1: What do you understand by Communication.

Answer: Communication is the process by which data is either transferred or received from one place
to another via communication channel.
Question-2: Draw the Basic Block Diagram of Communication System.
Answer: The block diagram of communication system is given as follow:

Basic Block Diagram of Communication System

Block Diagram of Communication system consists of following part:

At transmitter End
1) Source
2) Source Coder
3) Channel Coder
4) Modulator
5) Communication Channel
At Receiver End
6) Demodulator
7) Channel Decoder
8) Source Decoder
9) Destination
Question 3: Explain different modes used for communication.
Answer: According to the mode of communication, it is divided into
1) Line Communication: In this mode of communication, the medium of transmission is a pair of
conductors called transmission lines. Both the Tx and Rx are connected via a wire or line.
2) Wireless or Radio Communication: In this mode, a message is transmitted through a open
medium as in space by electromagnetic wave which are known as radio waves.
Question 4: What are different types of communication system.
Answer: Their are three basic types of communication system, which are1) Simplex Communication System:

Simplex Communication System

Here, the communication system that is capable of transmitting information through, called simplex
transmission system. In simplex type, one unit is equipped with a transmitter and the other side is
equipped with only one receiver but communication is done only one way by transmitter.
For Example: T.V. broadcast system.
2) Half-Duplex Communication System:

Half-Duplex Communication System

Here, the communication system that is capable of transmitting information in both directions but the
flow is only one way at a given time that why it is known as half-duplex. In HDX type, one unit is
equipped with transmitter as well receiver at one end and a transmitter-receiver at the other end but
information cant flow simultaneously in both the directions.
For Example: Walkie-Talkie
3) Full Duplex Communication System:

Full Duplex Communication System

Here the flow of communication takes place in both the direction simultaneously. Full-duplex Ethernet
connections work on the principles of full-duplex where data packets are received and sent
simultaneously

at

given

time.

For Example: Phone

Question

5: What

is

modulation

and

give

methods

used

for

modulation.

Answer: Modulation is the process by which some characteristics of signal known as Carrier Signal
is varied in accordance to the instantaneous value of the another signal known as Message Signal.
Methods

of

Modulations

are:

1) Angle

Modulation

2) Amplitude Modulation
Question

6: Explain

why

modulation

is

required?

Answer: 1. When we want to transmit electrical signal over an antenna, through free space, it must
be converted into electro-magnetic waves. Only electro-magnetic waves have the property to travel
through space (vacuum) at the speed of light message signal or voice signals have low frequencies.
2. Signal
3. To

with
make

low
msg

frequencies
signal

or

cannot
voice

travel

signal

longer

travel

distance.

longer

distance.

4. To increase the signal to noise ratio.

Question 7: What is the difference between analog modulation and digital modulation.
Answer: In analog modulation bandwidth required is low while in digital modulation due to higher bit
rate, heigher channel bandwidth are required.
Question

8:

What

is

multiplexing.

Explain

its

types.

Answer: Multiplexing is defined as the process in which a number of message signals are combined
together to form composite signals so that they can be transmitted through the common channel.
Types

of

1) Frequency

multiplexing:

Division

Multiplexing

2) Time Division Multiplexing

Question

9:

Give

the

limitation

of

PLL

Synthesizer.

Answer: It suffers from tolerance which occurred in its analog components. Here, short term drifts
are caused due to variation in the filter and VCO components.
Question

10:

Answer: Companding
COMPANDING=

Explain
is

the

term

the
derived

COMPRESSION

from

term
the

combination
+

companding.
of

two

terms

EXPANDING

In the process of Companding, the weak signals are amplified and strong signals are attenuated
before applying them to a uniform quantizer.