Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

EngineeringDesignandApplications

Prof.LiZhang
DepartmentofMechanical
andAutomationEngineering
TheChineseUniversityofHongKong

Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Chapter 8
Communicating the Design
through Engineering Drawing

Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Learningobjectives
Learntheguidelinesforproducingengineering
designdrawings
Heresmydesign;canyoumakeit?

Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Designcommunication
Communicationisanessentialskillforengineers
Howtocommunicateto
Client:report,presentation,
User:advertisement,
Manufacturer:engineeringdrawing

Designdrawingsmustbe

Complete
Unambiguous
Clearand
Readilyunderstood
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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Why?EffectiveofEngineeringDrawing
1. Try to write a description of
this object.
2. Test your written description
by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.
Youcaneasilyunderstandthat

The word languages are inadequate for describing the

size, shape and features completely as well as
concisely.
FromLec.Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood,andYunhui Liu(MAE)

Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GraphicLanguage
Graphiclanguage in engineeringapplicationuses
lines torepresentthesurfaces,edges andcontours
ofobjects.
The language is known as drawing or drafting .
A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments
or computer methods.

FromLec.Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood,andYunhui Liu(MAE)

Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Freehand drawing & sketch

The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.

Example

FromLec.Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood,andYunhui Liu(MAE)

Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.

Example

FromLec.Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood,andYunhui Liu(MAE)

Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Computer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
such as AutoCAD, SolidWorks, etc.

Example

FromLec.Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood,andYunhui Liu(MAE)

Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

ElementsofEngineeringDrawing
Engineering drawing is made up of graphics language
and word language.
Graphics
language

Projections of the object

Describe a shape
(mainly by projected views).

Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
FromLec.Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood,andYunhui Liu(MAE)

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

PROJECTION METHOD

Perspective

Parallel
Oblique

Orthographic(A)
Axonometric(B)
Oblique(C)
Perspective(D)

Axonometric
FromLec.Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood

Orthographic

Multiview
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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Purposeofdesigndrawings

Serveasalaunchingpadforabrandnewdesign
Supporttheanalysisofadesignasitevolves
Simulatethebehaviororperformanceofadesign
Providearecordoftheshapeorgeometryofadesign
Facilitatethecommunicationofdesignideas
Ensurethatadesigniscomplete
Communicatethefinaldesigntomanufacturing

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Typeofdesigndrawings
Layoutdrawing
Toshowthemajorcomponents(notolerances,subjecttochange)
Subjecttochange

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Typeofdesigndrawings(continue)
Detaildrawing

Toshowindividualcomponents(includetolerance)
Mustindicatematerialsandanyspecialprocessingrequirements
Mustbeconformanceswithexistingstandard
Canbechangedonlythroughaformalchangeorder

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Typeofdesign
drawings
Detaildrawing
(continue)
Itwasdrawnin
conformancewith
ASMEdrawing
standards.

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Typeofdesigndrawings(continue)
Assemblydrawing

Showhowthepartsarefittogether
Explodedview
Componentareidentifiedbypartnumber
Billofmaterials

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Typeofdesigndrawings
Assemblydrawing(continue)

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Designdrawingstandards
Mechanicalengineeringstandard:ASMEY14.5M1994
Buildingsafety:thelifesafetycodeofNationalFire
ProtectionAssociation
Boiler:ASMEPressureVesselCode

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Designdrawingstandards(continue)

AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)
ISO:http://www.iso.org/iso/home.html
http://www.sac.gov.cn/templet/default/

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Fabricationspecificationsindesigndrawing
Designersandmanufacturersarenotatthesametable
Whatdesignersknow
Thedesignintend
Thepossiblemeanstomake
Allthedetails,suchasOring,DRAMchips,

Whatmanufacturersknow
Thedesignintend
Themachine
Theprocess

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Fabricationspecifications(continue)
Specifications

Thephysicaldimensions
Thekindofmaterialstobeused
Unusualassemblyconditions
Operationconditions
Operatingparameters
Maintenanceandlifecyclerequirements
Reliabilityrequirements
Packagingrequirement

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Fabricationspecifications
Specifications(continue)
Shippingrequirements
Externalmarkings
Unusualorspecialneeds(e.g.,oilplan)

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Designdrawings
Importantnotes
Differentengineeringdisciplinesmayusedifferent
approaches
Usedifferentmedia()
Photos
Animations

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
GeometricDimensioningandTolerancing (GD&T)
Formechanicalengineering,GD&Tisveryimportant
GD&Tstandard

Standardsymbolstoindicateparticularitems
Clearlettering
Standarddrawingviews
Clear,standardlines
Appropriatenotes,includingspecificationsonmaterials
Atitleonthedrawing
Thedesignersinitialandthedateiswasdrawn

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
GeometricDimensioningandTolerancing (GD&T)
GD&Tstandard(continue)
Dimensionsandunits
Permissiblevariations,ortolerance

GD&Tstandard:ASMEY14.51994
http://mach.jlu.edu.cn/jxcx/standars/AGMA
ANSI/ASME%20Y14.5M2009.pdf (227pages)

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Anexample:
ascrewdriver
Informationabout
thesizeand
locationofcertain
featuresonthe
screwdriverhandle,
materialstobe
used,thedateof
thedrawingand
thepersonwho
designedit,etc.
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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Dimensioning

Settingtheviews
Placingthedimensions,
Symbolsandconventions
Others

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Dimensioning(continue)
Settingtheviews
Thesixorthographicviewsofanobject

(FromlecturenotesofcourseMAEG2010)
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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Settingtheviews(continue)
Firstandthirdangleprojection

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Settingtheviews(continue)
Choosingthefrontviewdirection
(A) Isometricviewofobjecttobedrawn
(B) mostinformativeprofileoftheobject
(C) toshowthemoststableversionof
theobject
(D) Tominimizethehiddenlinesofan
objectinotherviews
(E) Thebestchoiceofviewsoftheobject.

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Dimensioning(continue)
Metricvs.English
Linetype:
solidline
dashedline
dashdotline

Orientation,spacingand
placementofdimensions
Sizedimensionsand
locationdimensions
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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Anexample:
adrawingof
screwdriver
bladeindicates
allthetypesof
dimensions:
basic,reference,
stock,and
size/location
dimensions
(seenextpage)
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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Dimensioning(continue)
Importantnote
Sizedimensionsdefinethesizefeatures:height,length,thickness,
diameterofahole,sizeofashot,andetc.
Locationdimensionsspecifywhereafeatureislocated
Basicdimensions(boxednumber)definetolerance
Referencedimension(inparentheses)definemanufacturing
reference
Stockdimensiondefinestheworkpiece dimension

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Dimensioning(continue)
Bestpractice

Dimensionthesizefirst,thenthelocation
Donotdoubledimension
Donotdimensiontohiddenlines
Everydimensionrequiresanassociatedtolerance,exceptbasic,
reference,andstockdimensions

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Geometrictolerancing
Atoleranceisapermissiblevariationofapart
Tolerancedependsontheuseofthepart
Toleranceonlyasmuchasneeded

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Geometrictolerancing (continue)
Alldimensionsrequireatolerance
Wheretodimension?

Associatedwithadimension
Inafeaturecontrolframe
Inadrawingnote
Intheblocktoleranceasthedefaultifnoothertoleranceis
applied.

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
The14geometrictolerancing byASMEY14.31975

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Featurecontrolframe

Position tolerance

Datum reference

Tolerance with modifier

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Featurecontrolframe(continue)
Illustration

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Materialconditionmodifier
MMC(maximummaterialcondition):featuresizecontains
themaximumamountofmaterialwithinthetolerance
specification
LMC(leastmaterialcondition):featuresizecontainsthe
leastamountofmaterialwithinthetolerancespecification
RFS(Regardlessoffeaturesize):thetoleranceisapplied
regardlessofthepart

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Materialconditionmodifier(continue)
MMCexample(page210ofthetextbook)

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Datum
Datumsymbol
Placeofdatum

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Datum(continue)
Specifyofdatum
forrectangular
features
Theprimarydatum
isusuallychosenas
thelargest
contactingsurface.

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Datum(continue)

Specifyofdatum
forcylindrical
features
Theprimarydatum
isusuallychosenas
theflatsurfaceto
stabilizethepart.
Thesecondary
datumistheaxis
describedbythe
cylindricalfeature.
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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Positiontolerance

Puttingitalltogether
(page217ofthetext
book)

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Typicaltolerancesavailablewithspecific
machiningoperations

aclearancefit(left),aninterference(force)fit(middle),atransitionfit(right)
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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

GD&T
Fasteners
Floatingfasteners
Fixedfasteners
Doublefixedfasteners

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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

FutureCreditCard

Features of a Display Card: a LCD screen, a keypad, a micro

processor and so on. Miniaturization and integration are
important.
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Engineering Design and Applications (MAEG3920)

Questions?
Chapter 9: Design Reporting
Learnhowtoconductdesignreviews
Learnhowtoprepareanoralandwrittendesignreport

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