INTELIGENSI

Ayu Riana Sari, M.Si, Psi

DAVID WECHSLER
Global

capacity to act
purposefully, to think rationally,
and to deal effectively with the
environment.

PENGERTIAN INTELIGENSI

 Berdasarkan teknik statistik analisa faktor

Permasalahan :
- Metode berbeda menghasilkan faktor yg berbeda
- Melibatkan sejumlah penilaian subjektif

G-FACTOR THEORY
Psikolog Inggris : Charles Spearman
Menurut Spearman sejumlah tugas kognitif dan pengukuran
intelektual cenderung berkorelasi satu sama lain
Satu faktor umum : G (general) dimiliki oleh berbagai tes
Inteligensi dapat dijumlahkan menjadi satu nilai : IQ

A. TEORI FAKTOR - INTELIGENSI

 1904, Stanford Binet developed intelligence test

Binet developed the concept of mental age (MA) , which
is an individuals level of mental development relative to
that of others
German psychologist : William Stern devised the term
intelligence quotient (IQ) in 1912.
IQ = (MA/CA) 100

IQ ?

TEORI MULTI FAKTOR

Tokoh : - L.L Thurstone
- J.P Guilford
Inteligensi memiliki beberapa komponen
Sejumlah kelompok tes cenderung memiliki korelasi lebih
tinggi dibandingkan kelompok tes yg lain.

TEORI HIRARKI
Kombinasi G-FACTOR THEORY dan TEORI MULTI
FAKTOR
Inteligensi digambarkan sbg piramida : Puncack : G-Factor,
dibawahnya faktor-faktor ability yg semakin spesifik (SFactor)

 Fokus pada proses intelektual : pola berpikir yg digunakan

ketika seseorang bernalar dan memecahkan masalah.
Fokus pada perkembangan proses intelektual sejalan dengan
kematangan seseorang
Inteligensi = kognisi / proses kognitif

TEORI PIAGET
Jean Piaget : inteligensi dianggap sbg proses adaptif yg
melibatkan keterkaitan antara kematangan biologis dan
interaksi dengan lingkungan.

B. TEORI ORIENTASI PROSES

 Robert J. Sternberg developed the triarchic theory of

intelligence , which says that intelligence comes in
multiple (specifically, three) forms. These forms are :
Analytical intelligence: The ability to analyze, judge,
evaluate, compare, and contrast.
Creative intelligence: The ability to create, design, invent,
originate, and imagine.
Practical intelligence: The ability to use, apply,
implement, and put ideas into practice.

Multiple Intelligence

Howard Gardner suggests there are nine types of intelligence, or frames of mind.
These are described here, with examples of the types of vocations in which they are
reflected as strengths:
Verbal: The ability to think in words and use language to express meaning.
Occupations: author, journalist, speaker.
Mathematical: The ability to carry out mathematical operations. Occupations:
scientist, engineer, accountant.
Spatial: The ability to think three-dimensionally. Occupations: architect,
artist,sailor.
Bodily-kinesthetic: The ability to manipulate objects and to be physically
adept.Occupations: surgeon, craftsperson, dancer, athlete.
Musical: The ability to be sensitive to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone.
Occupations: composer, musician.
Interpersonal: The ability to understand and interact effectively with others.
Occupations: teacher, mental health professional.
Intrapersonal: The ability to understand oneself. Occupations: theologian,
psychologist.
Naturalist: The ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural and
human-made systems. Occupations: farmer, botanist, ecologist, landscaper.
Existentialist: The ability to grapple with the big questions of human existence,
such as the meaning of life and death, with special sensitivity to issues of spirituality.