1.

Violence at work:
Any incident where a worker is abused, threatened and assaulted in
circumstances
relating to their work involving an explicit or implicit challenge to
their safety,
Well-being or health.
Control Measures to reduce the risk of violence between
workers:
1. Briefing the staff on problem that is likely to occur and giving
them
training in dealing with such problems, such as escalation
techniques.
2. Enforcing 0 tolerance policy for workplace violence and setting
up procedures
for reporting any such occurrences.
3. Providing consultation for both perpetrators and workers, who
are victims
of violence and arranging relocation in different parts of the
workplace
where possible.
4. Providing security staff to control the situations where a public
person
or who is going to create violence at the workplace and not
leads to a major
issue.
5. Providing information or intimating the workers that the
premises are in under
Control of closed circuit cameras-CCTV's
6. Security doors or transparent glasses should be placed to
prevent direct access
When there is violence.
7. Minimize queues and the waiting times with proper information
like how much
time its going to take in the form of token number systems,
queue status
boards.
8. Providing panic alarms, when the situation is in out of control.
9. By creating pleasant environment.
10. Avoid lone working and working in unsocial hours.
11. Avoid money transactions by using cashless systems.
12. Prohibition of carrying weapons inside the workplace.

2. Excavations:

Hazards associated with the three meter deep trench across a

car park:
Sudden collapse of cave-ins.
Deficiency of oxygen, due to, toxic gases heavier than the
oxygen will occupy the place where the oxygen resides and
oxygen will be pushed top, so there will be lack oxygen.
Underground services/utilities
o Water flooding due to rupture of pipelines.
o Gases leakage in gas pipelines may lead fire
accidents.
o Communication There may be a chance of cuts in
telecommunication lines.
o Electrical It has also chance to give shocks, burns to
cuts in cables.
Collapse of Adjacent structures
Fall of people, materials and vehicles.
Reptiles
Biological
Adverse weather conditions.
Control measures to be implemented in car parking lot when
excavating:
1. At all stages of excavation the competent person must supervise
the work and the workers must be given, clean instructions on
working safely in the excavations.
2. Preventing the collapse of sides of the area by changing the
digging style like benching, battering.
3. Prevent the fall of people by keeping the barricades with guard
rails and toe boards.
4. Prevent the fall of materials by keeping away from the excavation
area with sufficient distance.
5. Prevent the vehicles with stop blocks.
6. Prevent the people coming to excavation area by keeping proper
signages and barriers.
7. Prevent the vehicles coming to tip the spoil when reversing with
stop blocks at wheels.
8. Adjacent structures need to be shored to prevent the collapse of
structures or dis structure.
9. Prevent the fall of excavated materials by keeping the trench
boxes and shoring with wooden plates from vehicle movement
vibrations.

Stress: Any harmful, unintended effect of excessive pressure is called

stress.
Noise: A sound that creates irritation, unpleasantness to hear called
noise