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emerged in the European states system from the sixteenth century onwards. The
concept cannotes and impersonal and privileged legal or constitutional order with
form of public power, separate from both ruler and ruled and forming the supreme
other states. It has a body of law and institutions of government. The modern
nation-state dependent on the loyalty of citizens. The state offers protection, order,
justice, foreign trade, and facilitation of inner state trade for this loyalty. The goal
of modern state is to maintain order and happiness of its citizen’s is only reached
by establishing officials, courts of law and laws to abide by, soldiers to protect the
The other side of modern state is the civil society. It means those areas of social lie
which comprises domestic world, the economic, cultural activities and political
Sixteen hundred years ago Europe was dominated by the Roman Empire, albeit an
empire divided and disintegrating. Theodosius I was the last ruler of the Roman
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empire which after his death split into the western and Eastern Roman Empires.
The Western empire suffered from repeated attacks and grew weak in comparison
with the rest. In 410, the city of Rome was sacked by the visigoths, a wandering
Germanic people from the North-east. The fall of Rome was completed in 476,
The Eastern Empire counterpart owing to spice and other exports continue as
Byzantine Empire through the middle ages until it was successfully challenged
and displaced by the Islamic Ottoman Empire in 1453. Those who ruled over the
territories were the emperors, kings, princes, dukes, bishops and others. They did
everything as military victors and conquerors, exacting tribute and rent to support
their endeavours, they were fan from being heads of state governing clearly
state existed anywhere in Europe. It took a long time for national states to
dominate the political map but he era they ushered in was to change fundamentally
the nature and form of political life itself. Since the fall of Rome, it was not the
number of states which has altered dramatically but the forms and types of states
as well. They are five main cluster of state systems which can be arranged
4. Absolutist states
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5. Modern nation-state
Empires have dominated the history of states over the centuries. Empires required
sustain themselves. The deployment of military was uppermost in the creation and
boarders. Empires were ruled but they were not governed. Then came the Feudal
assumed many forms between eight and fourteenth centuries. Political power
became more local and personal in focus, generating a social world of overlapping
claims and powers. Some of their claims and powers conflicted and war was
frequent. The warriors declared bonds of loyalty and homage to their lords in
autonomous military capability to support their kings. Then came the polity of
estates in which the rulers holds halo of higher majesty. Each Estate represents a
dualism. Power was split between ruler and the estates. Then came the absolutist
state.
Absolutist States: From the fifteenth to eighteenth century two different form of
Russia, Austria, Spain, Russia and the constitutional monarchies in England and
Holland. Absolutism signalled the emergence of a form of state based open the
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absorption of smaller and weaker political units into larger and stronger political
more unitary, continuous and effective rule by a single sovereign head. The
competitive power struggle. Absolutist rulers claimed that they alone held the
The absolutist monarch claimed to be the ultimate source of human law. The
absolutist monarch was at the apex of new system of rule which was progressively
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Modern States:
The proximate sources of the modern state were absolution and interstate system it
initiated. In condensing and concentrating political power in its own hand and in
seeking to create a central system of rule, absolutism paved the way for a secular
and national system of power. The transition from the absolutist to the modern
state was marked by dramatic events and process such as the English (1640-88)
apparatuses, distinct from both ruler and ruled, with supreme jurisdiction over a
1. Territory: While all states have made claims to territories but it is only with
the modern state system that exact boarders have been fixed.
2. Control of the means of violence: the claim to hold a monoply on force and
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4. Legitimacy: it became possible for human beings as individuals and as
legitimate because it reflected and represented the needs and interests of its
citizens.
proper forms and limits of state action, rights and liberties of the citizens. It
4. One party or single party polity: The principle underlying one-party politics
is that a single party can be the legitimate expression of the overall will of
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Conclusion
phenomena: the structures of political and social groups and classes and the
relations among the states. The modern state became supreme because they won at
References
Internet (www.google.com)