L8 Tubular Structures

ADVANCED DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES
Lus Simes da Silva

Module B: 20-21/2/2014
European Erasmus Mundus Master Course
Sustainable Constructions
under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic Events
520121-1-2011-1-CZ-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course
COURSE CONTENTS
under Natural Hazards
and Catastrophic Events
MODULE B Design of Tubular Structures

1 Overview
Structural solutions. Materials and products
2 Design of tubular members
3 Design of joints
I-beam to tubular column joints
fin-plate
end-plate
reverse channel
MODULE B Design of tubular structures

Master Course
REFERENCES
Simes da Silva, L, Rimes, R and Gervsio, H Design of Steel Structures, Ernst & Sohn and ECCS
Press, Brussels, 2010.
Simes da Silva, L., Santiago, A., Lopes, F., Veljkovic, M.,
Heistermann, T., Iqbal, N., Wald, F., Jan, T., Davison, B.,
Burgess, I., Huang, S-S., Dong, G., Wang, Y., Mandal, P., Hu, Y.,
Jafarian, M., Koutlas, G. (2013). COMPFIRE: Design of
composite joints for improved fire robustness. Final Report No. 4,
Research Fund for Coal and Steel, Grant agreement n. RFSRCT-2009-00021, European Commission, Brussels.

Master Course
REFERENCES
Jaspart, J-P., Pietrapertosa, C., Weynand, K., Busse, E., and

Klinkhammer, R. (2005). Development of a full consistent design
approach for bolted and welded joints in building frames and
trusses between steel members made of hollow and/or open
sections. Application of the component method. Draft final report
Volume 1: Practical design guide, Research Project 5BP, CIDECT.
Wardenier, J., Packer, J. A., Zhao, X.L. and van der Vegte, G.J.,
(2010). Hollow Sections in Structural Applications, CIDECT,
Geneva, Switzerland.

Master Course
REFERENCES
Lima, L., Andrade, S., Vellasco, P., and Simes da Silva, L.,
Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Minor Axis Beam-toColumn Semi-Rigid Joints", International Journal of Mechanical
Science, 44(6), 1047-1065 (2002).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7403(02)00013-9
Simes da Silva, L., Costa Neves, L. and Teixeira Gomes, F.,
Rotational stiffness of RHS joints", Journal of Structural
Engineering 129(4), 487-494 (2003).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:4(487)
Lopes, F.C., Santiago, A., Simes da Silva, L., Heistermann, T.,
Veljkovic, M. and da Silva, J.G, Experimental behaviour of the
reverse channel joint component at elevated temperatures,
International Journal of Steel Structures, 13(3), pp. 1-14 (2013).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13296MODULE B Design of tubular structures

Master Course
REFERENCES
Heisterman, T., Iqbal, N., Veljkovic, M., Lopes, F., Santiago, A.,
Simes da Silva, L., Finite Element Modelling of the Reverse
Channel Joint Component at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures,
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, (submitted 2013).
Lopes, F., Santiago, A., Simes da Silva, L., Iqbal, N., Veljkovic, M.
and da Silva, J.G.S., Sub-frames with reverse channel
connections to CFT composite columns - experimental evaluation,
Journal of Constructional Steel Research (submitted 2014).
Neves, L., Simes da Silva, L. and Vellasco, P., A model for
predicting the stiffness of beam to concrete filled column and minor
axis joints under static monotonic loading, in Hoffmeister, B. and
Hechler, O. (eds.), Eurosteel 2005 4th European Conference on
Steel and Composite Structures Research Eurocodes
Practice, Druck und Verlagshaus Mainz GmbH, Aachen, vol. C, pp.
4.10.131-138 (2005).

Master Course
SOFTWARE
FERPINTA Member Calculator - Design of tubular

columns, beams and beam-columns to EC3-1-1,
Simes da Silva et al, cmm, 2014. http://www.cmm.pt
SemiComp Member Design Design resistance of
prismatic beam-columns, Greiner et al, RFCS, 2011.
http://www.steelconstruct.com
ECCS Steel Member Calculator Design of
columns, beams and beam-columns to EC3-1-1,
Simes da Silva et al, ECCS, 2011. http://
www.steelconstruct.com
www.cmm.pt

Master Course
SOFTWARE
FERPINTA Connections Calculator - Design of Ibeam to tubular column steel joints to EC3-1-8,
Simes da Silva et al, cmm, October 2014. http://
www.cmm.pt
ECCS Steel Connections Calculator Design of
steel joints to EC3-1-8, Simes da Silva et al, cmm,
October 2014. http://www.steelconstruct.com

Master Course
REFERENCES
STANDARDS
CEN. EN 1993-1-8:2005 Eurocode 3: Design of Steel
Structures, Part 1.8: Design of Joints, European Committee for
Standardization, Brussels, 2005.

STRUCTURES
Lus Simes da Silva

Module B: 20/2/2014
OVERVIEW

Master Course
BUILDINGS

Master Course
BUILDINGS

Master Course
HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION

APPLICATIONS
http://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/
products_and_services/products/
construction_products_and_systems/structuralsteel/hollow_sections/
http://www.atlastube.com/hss/hss-hollowstructural-sections

Master Course

APPLICATIONS
http://www.sbp.de/en/build/sheet/905Airport_Stuttgart_Terminal_3.pdf
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-2114782/
Kings-Cross-station-overhaul-Vest-structureunveiled-London-railway-station-500moverhaul.html

Master Course

APPLICATIONS

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TRUSS STRUCTURES

Master Course
BRACING IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

Master Course
Friends Arena (Hilong

report)
http://www.sbp.de/en/
build/sheet/1066Tower at the Fair of
Rostock.pdf
LONG SPAN ROOFS

Master Course
STAYED COLUMNS
HILONG High Strength Long Span

Structures
Funding: 1.6 M
Jul 2012 Jul 2015

Master Course
FOOTBRIDGES
http://www.arup.com/~/media/Images/Projects/H/Helix_bridge/
helix_900x500_1_darren_soh.ashx?mh=800&mw=1000

Master Course
BRIDGES
http://www.lera.com/pimg/
mihomuseumbridge/3295149_large.jpg

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STADIA
http://www.sbp.de/en/build/sheet/1524Moses_Mabhida_Stadium.pdf

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AMUSEMENT PARKS
http://
www.geograph.
org.uk/photo/
1826891
http://
lewebpedagogiq
ue.com/
goossensphilipp
e1/london-eye/
london_eye/
http://anozer.deviantart.com/art/
LONDON-EYE-tubes-213329953

Master Course
WIND TOWERS
http://www.martifer.pt/pt/grupo/institucional/
areas-de-negocio/martifer-renewables/
Modular tower

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JOINTS
http://tboake.com/SSEF1/bolt.shtml
http://architectureau.com/articles/
architecturally-exposed-structural-steel/
#img=3

Master Course
JOINTS
http://cms.esi.info/Media/documents/
Linda_Cavityfixing_ML.pdf

Master Course
JOINTS
http://www.steelconstruction.info/Expressed_connections

Master Course
JOINTS
http://architectureau.com/articles/
architecturally-exposed-structural-steel/
#img=3
http://www.designboom.com/architecture/
jakob-macfarlane-la-ville-intelligente/

Master Course
JOINTS
http://www.microstran.com.au/
lmc_gallery_base.htm

Master Course
CASE STUDY 1: GAS EXAUST CHIMNEY

(CELBI)

Master Course

(CELBI)

Master Course

(CELBI)

Master Course

(CELBI)

Master Course

(CELBI)

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(CELBI)

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(CELBI)

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(CELBI)

Master Course

(CELBI)

Master Course
CASE STUDY 2: PAPER PULP

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)
Expansion of a paper pulp warehouse in the industrial facilities of CELBI - Celulose

Beira Industrial, Leirosa, Figueira da Foz, Portugal.
REQUIREMENTS:
- pavilho para armazenamento da pasta de papel
que fosse amplo para permitir o acesso e a fcil
manobragem dos camies para transporte da pasta.
- execuo faseada da obra de forma a mo diminuir
a capacidade de armazenamento da pasta de papel
no armazm adjacente.
A primeira fase que correspondia a ampliar

a rea de armazenamento em cerca de
1680m2 no implicava qualquer demolio
do pavilho existente, apenas sendo
necessrio eliminar os paramentos
exteriores de forma a garantir a circulao
para a nova zona de armazenamento. A
segunda fase envolve uma rea de 3360
m2 e a terceira fase uma rea de 2688 m2.

Master Course

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)
Phased construction: total expansion divided in

modules.
PHASE 1: 1 module. PHASE 2 and PHASE 3:
2 modules each.
1st module was offset by 1m in order to
safeguard the existing warehouse.
Structural layout of 28 x 60 m, with 1 span in
the smaller side and 2 spans of 30 m each in
the other direction.

Master Course

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

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WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

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WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course

WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

STRUCTURES
Lus Simes da Silva

Module B: 20/2/2014
DESIGN OF TUBULAR MEMBERS
ECCS Steel Member Calculator / FERPINTA Calculator

Master Course
The software to be used with the ECCS Book

Master Course

q HOW TO GET SOFTWARE
q Download the following free software (Windows) according to
the instructions from the course organizers
q Download installation instructions for Semi-Comp
Member Design Software (excel based) from
q Download zipped file for Semi-Comp Member Design

Master Course

q HOW TO GET SOFTWARE
q From your iPhone or iPad launch the App Store application
and search for ECCS.
q Download and install the free application ECCS EC3 Steel
Member Calculator (ECCS EC3).
q From your iPhone or iPad launch the App Store application
and search for FERPINTA.
q Download and install the free application FERPINTA
Calculator.
q CONGRATULATIONS! YOU ARE SET TO GO!

Master Course
Beam-column (IPE 360, S355)
Use:
- ECCS EC3 Steel Member Calculator (iPhone/iPad)

- Semi-Comp Member Design Software (Windows OS)

Master Course

Master Course

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Calculation using:
- Semi-Comp Member Design (Windows OS)

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course
Calculation using:
- Semi-Comp Member Design (Windows OS)

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Master Course

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Master Course

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course

STRUCTURES
Lus Simes da Silva

Module B: 21/2/2014
DESIGN OF JOINTS

Master Course
COURSE CONTENTS
MODULE B Design of Tubular Structures

1 Overview
2 Design of tubular members
3 Design of joints
(minor-axis)
fin-plate
end-plate
reverse channel

Master Course
INTRODUCTION
60
E2
E1
40
30
20
t=1 5
IPE 200
Mom. (kN.m)
50
10
HEA 220
0
0,00
0,03
0,05
0,08
0,10 0,13
rot (rad)
0,15
0,18
0,20
!
Section AA

Master Course
INTRODUCTION
How to tighten the bolts from the inside?

How to transfer bending moment to the column?

Master Course
INTRODUCTION
Huck Ultra Twist system

Chapa de Topo
Flowdrill System
Perfil RHS
Parafusos correntes
Studs welded to the

column face
Hollobolt System

Master Course
Behaviour of the column web in transverse

bending
t wc
t wc
L
b2
c1 = d m
b2
c1 = d m
h h
5
7
9
t wc
t wc
b1 b1
AA
FF
c2c2
b2 b2
Strains
in the
Extenses
nacolumn
alma doweb
pilar
50
Ext
Ext
Ext
Ext
45
40
3
9
7
5
Momento (kN.m)
35
30
Column web
25
20
Y-Y
15
10
LE
5
0
-2000
2000
4000
6000
8000
extenso ()
Strain ()
10000
12000
- Linear strain gauge (steel)
14000
- Linear strain gauge (concrete)

Master Course

bending: initial stiffness
= L t wc
=b L
b
a
F
L
t wc
a = L-b
2
a
l eff
3
4Et wc
Si =
L2
S1
EI1
D1
EI2
D2
D5
a
=c L
l eff = c + (L - b) tan
EI1
D4
S2
a
!
1
3
Et wc
3S
1
(1 ) 1+
3
2
Et
+
1
tan
(
)
(
)
wc
D6
D3
+ (1 )tan + 6S

Master Course

hi
L
a
3
Et wc
Si = 2 16
L
+ (1 ) tan
10, 4 ( k1 k2 )
3
(1 ) +
2
tc
L
Corte
AA
a
)
(
=
230
1,25
Si, freeflanges
Si, fixedflanges S
c = dm
i, fixedflanges
tc
dm
F
2
F
2

Master Course

b1
c1=d m
l eff
F1
c2=d m
h1 h
b2
h2
F2
c3
b3
t wc
F3
3
!
S j,ini
h +h
h +h
= Sh1 h1 1 2 + Sh2 h2 1 2
S3
S3
+2
+2
S
S

Master Course

bending: plastic resistance
Linhas de plastificao
Corte
Linhas de plastificao c/ rect equivalente

Master Course

L = d + 0, 4r

Master Course

bt
ct/2
Ft
ct/2
M > M pl
h
cc
Fc
bc
t wc
c
L
min { Ft ; Fc } h

Master Course

bending: post-limit stiffness
f1 = 0.24 0.012 + 0.72
f2 = 0.55 + 1.07 + 0.85

0,9 + ( f1 + f2 0.9 ) t if t 1 and F 1
F
pl
=
Fpl
F

f1 + f2
if
1 and
1
t
t
Fpl

Master Course
fin-plate
end-plate
reverse channel

Master Course
I-beam to tubular column joints: reverse

channel joint
Force (kN)
280
UKPFC 230x90x32
550C
20C
230
UKPFC 180x90x26
180
UKPFC 200x90x30
Endplate
UKPFC 230x90x32
130
Cut from
Cut from SHS250x8
SHS200x6
80
30
-20 0
Square CFT
5
10
15
Connection Rotation ()
20
25
30

Master Course

channel joint
200
155
180
IPE 300
15
75
180
330
SHS 250X250X10
75
15
U 200x90x10 330 long

26mm hole
for M24 bolt
35
85
35
Endplate 330x155x25
25
155
22.5
25
250
10
200
150
22.5
90
25
250
200
155
180
IPE 300
15
75
180
330
CHS 244.5X10
75
15
U 200x135x8 330 long

26mm hole
for M24 bolt
35
Endplate 330x155x25
25
200
150
155
22.5
244.5
22.5
135
85
35

Master Course

channel joint
Component behaviour: Calibration of the model for parametric studies
Connection rotation
Connection rotation
140
500
test
FEA
60
140
400
120
100
test
80
40
60
20
40
FEA
10
15
20
25
200
Test 5: W-C20-10 (P3)
Test 5: FEA - 5 mm weld
0
0
10
Rotation []
Rotation []
300
100
20
Load [kN]
80
Force [kN]
160
100
Force [kN]
600
180
120
15
4
6
Displacement [mm]
10

Master Course

channel joint

Master Course
Characterization of the behaviour of the composite joint components to

establish the force-deflection-temperature relationship.
Constant-temperature tests:
Testing reverse channel and CFT column components;
Testing isolated joints under different combinations of axial and shear
forces and bending moments;
Testing different reverse channel sections to failure under tension and
compression forces on the web;
4 test temperatures:
ambient temp.;
550C;
650C;
750C.
Composite column types:

o CFT: SHS and CHS sections;
o Partially encased H-sections.
Joint types:
o Reverse channel;
o Fin-plate;
o Flush endplate.

Master Course
Component tests
CFT component
Reverse channel in compression
Reverse channel in tension (1-2 bolt row)
3 different channel sections:

Welded plates
Cut from SHS
Hot-rolled
Prototypes for tension and compression tests

Master Course
Component tests
CFT component
Before compression test
After test (750C)
During test

Master Course
Tensile test set-up 1
Component tests
CFT component
Tensile test set-up 2

Master Course
Isolated joint tests

Reverse channel (CFT and PE columns);
Fin-plate (CFT columns);
Flush endplate (PE column).
REVERSE CHANNEL JOINT
FIN-PLATE JOINT
Combinations of axial and

shear forces and bending
moments
ENDPLATE JOINT

Master Course

channel joint
To develop and validate a component-based

model for steel joints, and to extend it to
composite joints, for applications under
arbitrary fire conditions, including the cooling
phase, and mechanical actions throughout the
Column flange
in bending
fire event.
REVERSECHANNELJOINT
Reverse channel in bending

Bolt in tension
Endplate in bending
Column wall
in bending

Bolt in tension
Endplate in bending
Component-base model:
Column web
in compression
Identification of the active components
Unloading of the component
Reverse channel
in compression
Tension zone
Shear zone
ENDPLATEJOINT
Assembly of components
Compression zone
Bolt in tension
Endplate in bending
Column flange
in bending
M
1
Column web
in compression

Master Course

channel joint
trc
ii) Shear and bending

resistance of the
reverse channel to the
column section:
i) Design checks for vertical shear:

tp
trc
e1
e2,p
p1
e2,b
p1
t2
n1 rows
of bolts
hp
brc
zrc
tf,rc
e1
VEd
n1
rows
of
Fed
t2
(n1-1)p1
p3
p1
brc
VE
tf,rc
iii) Shear and bending resistance of the

reverse channel to the end plate:
p3
tw,rc
Yield lines
1.5t2,rc
d2
Fed
p3
tw,rc
p1
e2,rc
e1

Master Course
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This lecture was prepared for the Edition 2 of SUSCOS (2013/15) by

LUS SIMES DA SILVA and ALDINA SANTIAGO (UC).
The SUSCOS powerpoints are covered by copyright and are for the exclusive use by the
SUSCOS teachers in the framework of this Erasmus Mundus Master. They may be
improved by the various teachers throughout the different editions.
luisss@dec.uc.pt
Gab. SF 5.11
http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/suscos

L8 Tubular Structures

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ADVANCED DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE

Lus Simes da Silva

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of Tubular Structures

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

Jaspart, J-P., Pietrapertosa, C., Weynand, K., Busse, E., and

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

European Erasmus Mundus

European Erasmus Mundus

FERPINTA Member Calculator - Design of tubular

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

ADVANCED DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE

Lus Simes da Silva

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

BRACING IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

European Erasmus Mundus

Friends Arena (Hilong

LONG SPAN ROOFS

European Erasmus Mundus

HILONG High Strength Long Span

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

European Erasmus Mundus

MODULE B Design of tubular structures

CASE STUDY 1: GAS EXAUST CHIMNEY