Internal Medicine

Topics for the Final Oral Exam

version 1.1

The English Division

of the Second Faculty of Medicine
Warsaw Medical University 2013
Warsaw Medical University

General Examination and Diagnostic Techniques

1. Heart murmurs, auscultatory findings in different valve diseases
2. Acute dyspnea: differential diagnosis
3. Chest pain: differential diagnosis
4. Patient with chest pain: diagnostic algorithm
5. Diagnostics of peripheral edemas
6. Hypoxia and cyanosis
7. Syncopy and presyncopy: diagnostic approach
8. Palpitations: management
9. Fever of unknown origin
10. Headache: differential diagnosis
11. Malnutrition
12. Hepatomegaly: common causes
13. Diagnosis of abdominal pain
14. Dysphagia: causes
15. Nausea and vomiting: causes
16. Diarrhea: causes
17. Constipation: causes
18. Gastrointestinal bleeding: management
19. Jaundice: causes and diagnostics
20. Abdominal swelling and ascites
21. Lymph nodes enlargement: differential diagnosis
22. Diagnostic approach to a patient with anemia
23. Bone marrow biopsy: indications
24. Polyuria: differential diagnosis
25. Interpretation of the results of urinalysis
26. Mechanisms leading to the development of venous thromboembolism
27. Solitary pulmonary nodule: differential diagnosis
28. Cough: differential diagnosis
29. Major causes of hemoptysis
30. Examination of fluid obtained from body cavities
31. General symptoms in cancer

32. Dehydration: clinical examination and laboratory abnormalities

33. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome: definition and causes
34. Hirsutism and virilization

Cardiology
1. Signs and symptoms of chronic heart failure
2. Pharmacotherapy of chronic heart failure
3. Treatment of chronic heart failure, beyond drugs
4. Treatment of pulmonary edema
5. Risk factors of coronary artery disease
6. Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases
7. Pathogenesis and clinical features of ischemic heart disease
8. Secondary prevention of coronary artery disease
9. Invasive treatment in cardiology
10. Clinical presentation of acute myocardial infarction
11. Treatment of acute coronary syndrome with persistent ST segment elevation
12. Treatment of acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST segment elevation
13. First onset of atrial fibrillation: treatment
14. Atrial fibrillation: thromboembolic complication
15. Narrow QRS complex tachycardia: management
16. Wide QRS complex tachycardia: management
17. Risk factors of pulmonary embolism
18. Clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism
19. Treatment of pulmonary embolism
20. Cardiac arrest: mechanisms, treatment
21. Aortic stenosis: causes, clinical presentation, treatment
22. Mitral regurgitation: causes, clinical presentation, treatment
23. Congenital heart diseases in adults
24. Myocarditis: causes, clinical presentation, treatment
25. Endocarditis: causes, clinical presentation, treatment
26. Primary cardiomyopathies
27. Secondary hypertension: causes, diagnostics
28. Antihypertensive drugs
29. The most common forms of extracoronary atherosclerosis
30. Cardiovascular complications of obstructive sleep apnea

Endocrinology and Diabetes

1. Patients with palpable thyroid nodule with symptoms of hyperthyroidism
2. Differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism
3. Risk factors of thyroid cancer in patients with nodular goiter
4. Indications for thyreidectomy and radioiodine treatment in patients with nodular goiter
5. Autoimmune thyroid gland diseases
6. Thyroid storm: sings, symptoms, and treatment
7. Treatment (pharmacological and dietary) of hypoparathyroidism
8. Causes of hypercalcaemia
9. Hypercalcaemic crisis: sings, symptoms, and treatment
10. Clinical features of primary hyperparathyroidism
11. Clinical setting of adrenal crisis
12. Excessive cortisol secretion: etiology
13. Phaeochromocytoma: clinical findings and diagnostic procedures
14. Incidentally discovered tumor of adrenal gland: diagnostic procedures
15. Indication for surgery of adrenal gland tumor
16. Addison disease: signs, symptoms, and laboratory tests
17. Acromegaly: screening and diagnosis
18. Treatment of acromegaly and large pituitary gland tumors
19. Excessive prolactin secretion: reasons, sings, and symptoms
20. Evaluation of treatment (supplementation) in Hashimoto and Addison diseases
21. Approach to patients with diabetes mellitus
22. Diabetes mellitus: classification, epidemiology, diagnosis
23. Diabetes mellitus: pharmacotherapy
24. Diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis
25. Prediabetes
26. Acute complications of diabetes mellitus
27. Hypoglycemia
28. Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus
29. Long-term treatment and complications of therapy for diabetes mellitus
30. Metabolic Syndrome

Gastrology
1. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: indications, patient preparation
2. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
3. Esophageal achalasia
4. Hiatus hernia: clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment
5. Gastritis: signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
6. Peptic ulcer disease
7. Gastric cancer: symptoms, treatment
8. Inflammatory bowel disease
9. Irritable bowel syndrome
10. Colon and rectal cancer
11. Diverticular disease
12. Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy: indications, preparation
13. Acute hepatitis
14. Chronic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease
15. Cirrhosis and its complications
16. Acute liver failure
17. Acute cholecystitis: symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment
18. Acute pancreatitis
19. Chronic pancreatitis
20. Pancreatic cancer

Hematology
1. Anemias: classifications
2. Etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment in anemia of chronic diseases
3. Detailed etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of iron deficiency anemia
4. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment
5. Hemolytic anemia: classification, etiology, and treatment
6. Thrombophilia: definition, types (acquired and inherited), and treatment
7. Acute leukemias: definition and classification, diagnostic procedures
8. Treatment of acute leukemia
9. Multiple myeloma: etiology, epidemiology, classification, clinical symptoms, diagnosis,
treatment, and complications
10. Hodgkins lymphoma: clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis
11. Chronic myeloid leukemia: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy
12. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: epidemiology, classification, prognosis, and treatment
13. Disseminated intravascular coagulation: etiology and treatment
14. Hemophilia: etiology, classification, complications, and treatment
15. Thrombocytopenia: definitions and classification
16. Blood products (PRBC, platelets and FFP): standard indications for transfusions, risk
associated with transfusion
17. Classification of myeloproliferative neoplasms, treatment of primary polycythemia (PRV)
18. Leucopenia: etiology
19. Eosinophilia: etiology
20. Bone marrow failure symptoms and etiology

Nephrology
1. Diagnostic procedures in nephrology
2. The role of urine analysis in internal diseases
3. Diagnosis of SLE
4. Diagnosis of erythrocyturia
5. Diagnosis of proteinuria
6. Renal carcinoma: diagnosis and treatment
7. Acute pyelonephritis: diagnosis and treatment
8. Hyperkalemia: diagnosis and treatment
9. Hypercalcemia: diagnosis and treatment
10. Hepato-renal syndrome: diagnosis and treatment
11. Rapid progressive glomerulonephritis: diagnosis and treatment
12. Bone and mineral disorders in chronic renal disease
13. Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI)
14. Indications and contraindications for renal biopsy
15. Indications for renal replacement therapy
16. Treatment of hypertension in chronic renal disease
17. Diet in chronic renal disease
18. Treatment of nephrotic syndrome
19. Treatment of anemia in chronic renal disease
20. Treatment of urinary tract infections

Pulmonology
1. Lung function tests: spirometry, plethysmography, and other
2. Acute bronchitis: causes, symptoms, and treatment
3. Pneumonia: clinical findings
4. Therapeutic approach to patients with pneumonia
5. Pneumothorax: clinical findings, management
6. Pleural effusion: clinical findings, management
7. Asthma: diagnosis
8. Asthma: therapy
9. Acute severe asthma: management
10. COPD: diagnosis
11. COPD: therapy
12. Differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma
13. Interstitial lung diseases
14. Diagnostic methods in obstructive sleep apnea
15. Methods of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
16. Tuberculosis: signs, symptoms, diagnostic approach, and treatment
17. Sarcoidosis: symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
18. Lung cancer: classifications, risk factors, signs and symptoms
19. Lung cancer: diagnostic approach and treatment
20. Respiratory insufficiency: symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Rheumatology
1. Abnormalities in routine laboratory tests suggesting chronic inflammatory disease
2. Key infections in rheumatology
3. Drugs most commonly used in rheumatic disorders
4. Toxicity of most commonly used drugs in rheumatology
5. Serologic tests in polyarthritis
6. Clinical features of SLE
7. SLE: typical findings in laboratory tests
8. Polymyositis: clinical and laboratory examination
9. Polymyalgia rheumatica: signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
10. Diseases which typically begin with monoarthritis
11. Rheumatoid arthritis: signs, symptoms, diagnosis
12. Complications of rheumatoid arthritis
13. Clinical and laboratory assessment of the activity of rheumatoid arthritis
14. Differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus
15. Psoriatic arthritis: predominantly affected joints
16. The most common forms of vasculitis
17. Symptoms of spondyloarthropaties
18. Mixed connective tissue disease: clinical features
19. Risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis
20. Osteoporosis: diagnosis and treatment