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1415- O Level Biology 1st Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

Marking guidelines First Top ten Questions

1.

a)

(large / sap) vacuole ;


chloroplasts (not chloroplasts)
cellulose cell wall ;
starch grain(s) (not starch)

b)

i)

B;
E;
F;
A;
D;

ii)

Magnification=

drawing size
actual size

c) Animal cell:
Name: Red blood cell / erythrocyte ;
Function: transports, oxygen / carbon dioxide
Plant cell:
Name: xylem (cell / vessel) ;
Function: transports, water / minerals / named mineral / provides support
Or
Name: phloem (sieve tube)
Function: transports, sugars / sucrose / amino acids / minerals

2.

1- Have cell walls

go to 2

Dont have cell walls

go to 3

2- Cell wall made of chitin

go to 4

Cell wall made of peptidoglycans

go to 3

3- Have a circular DNA

go to 4

Have DNA or RNA

Viruses

4- Nucleus present
Nucleus absent

Fungi
Bacteria

1415- O Level Biology 1st Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

3.

i)

Oxygen ; introduce a glowing splint


Addition of pyrogallol ;

ii)

Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O

iii)

Light/ chlorophyll

C6H12O6 + 6O2

10 cm3
10 2 = 5 cm3/hr

iv)

Design experiment:
1.

Method for setting up different light intensities; different distances away from
light bulb

2.

Describe how to control a factor that may alter rate over a certain time
(temperature heat shield; carbon dioxide by adding hydrogen carbonate)

3.

Additional feature of design (same time period for comparison of results /


eliminate background light, carry out investigation in a darkened room /
replicates / repetition / same piece of pondweed / recovery time between sets of
measurements)

v)

- The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air;


CO2 must be available to combine with the hydrogen atoms produced in the light
reaction
- The availability of water;
Water must be available to provide the free hydrogen atoms necessary for the dark
reaction.
- The temperature
Temperature might affect enzyme activity in the dark reaction.

vi) A limiting factor is something present in the environment in such short supply that it
restricts and prevents the rate of photosynthesis from increasing.
When light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until a certain
point where giving the plant more light has no effect. At this point, the concentration
of CO2 (most probably) or the availability of water or the temperature acts as a
limiting factor. We can check this by giving the plant more CO2 (or more water or
higher temperature); if the plant increases its rate of photosynthesis, then CO2 is a
limiting factor (or water or temperature).

1415- O Level Biology 1st Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

4.

a) 1. the body recognises transplanted skin as, foreign / different / harmful ;


2. the immune system responds by attacking the foreign cells
3. white cells / named white cells, migrate to transplanted skin and attach to, foreign /
transplanted, cells / tissue
4. the foreign / transplanted, cells, killed / destroyed / AW
b) it provides a means of protecting body from, foreign organism / disease / pathogen /
parasites.
c) - the body is unable to fight other infections
- the body is more prone to developing, cancer / tumours

5.

a) The treatment of apple with pectinase will give a great yield of juice.
b) - Place both beakers in a water bath set at 40C to increase the activity rate
- Cut the apple into smaller pieces to increase the surface area
- increase quantity of apple
c) Place beaker A in a water bath set at 60C to denature pectinase.
Collect filtrate in 15 minutes.

6.

a)

i) Capillary drawn as double line + with correct links to artery and vein
ii) liver ; hepatic portal vein

b)

i)

Glucose ;
Amino acids;
Minerals ;
Vitamins ; (not vitamin A or D)
Carbon dioxide;
Water;

ii)
c)

Oxygen

Presence of microvilli;
one cell thick (not thin cell wall)
Large surface area ;
Presence of mitochondria in cells for high respiration rate / ref. to active transport

d)

i)

Lacteal;

ii)

it is responsible for the absorption of fatty acids, glycerol, fat/fat droplets /


fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin A and D.
These substances are absorbed into the lymph.

1415- O Level Biology 1st Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

e)

table with suitable headings


arteries
ii.

carry blood from heart

carry blood to heart

iii.

carry oxygenated blood except

carry deoxygenated blood except

pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

iv.

thick (muscle) wall

thin (muscle) wall

v.

thick later of elastic (fibres)

thin layer of elastic fibres

vi.

narrower lumen

wider lumen

vii. no valves

valves present

viii. carry blood at high pressure /

carry blood at low pressure /

blood in pulses

7.

a)

veins

blood not in pulses

Pupil drawn smaller in the diagram before the light went off;
Iris in both diagrams has the same diameter;

b)

pupils got bigger when the light went off. This is due to:
the contraction of radial muscles of the iris and to the relaxation of circular muscles.

c)

rods which are sensitive to low light intensities, detect black and white images, unlike
cones which detect colours and need high light intensities to trigger them.

8.

a)

i)

sun / sunlight

ii)

decomposers / bacteria / fungi / saprophytes / omnivores / scavengers /


detritivores

iii)

M 3800; N 80

iv)

respiration ; excretion; egestion ; leaf fall


heat loss / transpiration / sweating / radiation

b)

In animals:
- respiration is more rapid because of higher metabolic rate
- energy is needed to move
- they have higher body temperature than environment / constant body temperature

1415- O Level Biology 1st Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

- they lose heat to environment


9.

10.

a)

1.

nitrogen fixing bacteria / action of lightning

2.

convert nitrogen to ammonia or nitrate / nitrogen compound (not nitrite)

3.

nitrifying bacteria convert ammonium ions into nitrates (nitrification)

4.

nitrate is absorbed into plant roots;

5.

by diffusion / active uptake /

6.

and moves up xylem;

7.

nitrate is used to make plant protein;

8.

plant is eaten by herbivores;

9.

protein is digested / broken down;

10.

by protease or named enzyme;

11.

amino acids are produced;

12.

and transported in bloodstream to muscle;

13.

amino acids used to make muscle protein

14.

herbivores die; decayed by decomposers

15.

amino acids converted into ammonia or nitrates

16.

denitrifying bacteria turn ammonia and nitrates back to nitrogen gas

Removal of waste products of metabolism, whether they are toxic like carbon
dioxide, or in excess like water.

b) i)

F on cortex / white area between capsule and medulla ;


R on renal artery including after it divides ;
U on ureter ;

ii)

Due to the difference in diameter between afferent and efferent arterioles, a high
blood pressure is established in the glomerulus.
Small molecules like water, urea, glucose, amino acids, ions, uric acid, ammonia are
forced out of blood into the Bowmanns capsule forming the filtrate.
The large molecules like the blood cells and the proteins stay in the blood.

iii)

Glucose by active transport


Water by osmosis

c) i)

Kidney dialysis involves filtering the patients blood in a similar way to a


kidney.
The patients blood is passed through tiny channels made of dialysis tubing with

1415- O Level Biology 1st Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

tiny holes to allow small molecules such as water, urea and glucose to pass
through.
Outside the dialysis tubing is the dialysis fluid which has a similar composition to
human blood plasma (water, salts, glucose but no urea) and which must be
sterile.
The fluid flows constantly through the machine in one direction while the
patients blood flows in the opposite direction.
All molecules in the fluid will diffuse down a concentration gradient.
Urea will diffuse from blood into fluid.
The fluid is maintained at body temperature and is changed regularly so that a
diffusion gradient for urea is maintained.
ii) - With a successful transplant, the patient can lead a normal life without
returning to hospital every few days as in the case of dialysis.
- No more dietary restrictions; the patient can eat everything.
- Although expensive, transplants are cheaper than dialysis if considered in long
term.

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