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PROF. ALEXIS F. MEDINA1

STUDY GUIDE & PERSONAL REVIEWER IN

POLITICAL LAW REVIEW 1

Briefly explain, differentiate or enumerate.
(Answers Must Be In Your Own Handwriting)

FOR MASTERY OF CONSTITUTIONAL TEXT

Article I, National Territory
1.
What comprises the national territory under the 1987
Constitution?
2.
How is the archipelagic doctrine expressed in the
Constitution?
Article V, Suffrage
3.
4.

Who may exercise the right to suffrage?

How may overseas Filipinos exercise their right to suffrage?

Article VI, The Legislative Department

5.
In whom is legislative power vested?
6.
Explain the privilege from arrest of Senators and members of
Congress.
7.
For what activities shall members of Congress be not held liable?
8.
What are the prohibitions on members of Congress in relation to
holding or being appointed to other offices?
9.
What are the prohibitions on members of Congress with respect
to the practice of profession or pursuit of his business?
1

AB Political Science, University of the Philippines (UP), Diliman; Order of the Purple
Feather (OPF), UP, College of Law; Valedictorian, San Sebastian College-Recoletos,
Manila, Institute of Law); former Philippine Youth delegate to Japan and Southeast
Asia; Litigation lawyer, investment, property, and labor law consultant; Represented
Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile, the SM Group, and the Cojuangco family in
several cases.

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10. What is required for each house to be able to conduct its
business?
11. What are the powers of each house with respect to its own
members?
12. Who shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the
election, returns and qualifications of the members of the Senate and House
of Representatives?
13. What are the limitations to Congress power of inquiry?
14.
When may heads of departments appear before the Senate or
House and be heard on matters pertaining to their departments?
15. Who has the power to declare the existence of a state of war?
16. What may Congress authorize the President to do in case of war
or other national emergency?
17. What kinds of bills shall originate exclusively in the House of
Representatives?
18. Under Section 25, Article VI, what are the limitations on the
power of Congress to pass appropriation bills?
19. Under Section 26, Article VI, what are the limitations on the
power of Congress to pass bills in general?
20. How does a bill passed by Congress become a law?
21. What is the Presidents so-called veto power?
22. How can Congress override this?
23. What is the power of the President with respect to
appropriations, revenue or tariff bills?
24. Under Section 28, Article VI, what are the limitations on
Congress power to tax?
25.
What are the limitations on the Congress power to spend public
funds?
Article VII, The Executive Branch
26. In whom is executive power vested?
27. What are the qualifications to be elected President?
28. Who has the responsibility for the canvassing of the
election returns for President and Vice President?
29. Give the instances when the Vice President shall serve as
President.
30. Give a constitutionally provided power of the Vice
President.
31. How does the Constitution prevent nepotism by the
President in the exercise of his appointing powers?
32. What are the categories of officials who are subject to the
appointing power of the President?

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33. Who else may have the power to appoint, other than the
President?
34. State the prohibition on the President, Vice President,
Members of the Cabinet and their deputies with respect to the holding
of other offices, exercise of profession and pursuit of business?
35. When may the President exercise his calling out powers as
Commander in Chief of the armed forces?
36. What are the requisites for the exercise by the President of
his power to declare martial law or suspend the privilege of writ of
habeas corpus?
37.
What is the power of the Supreme Court with respect to
such suspension or declaration?
38. What is the effect of a declaration of martial law?
39. What are the limitations to the suspension of the privilege
of the writ of habeas corpus by the President?
40. In summary, what are the limitations on the powers of the
President to declare martial law?
41.
What are the limitations on the Presidents power to
contract or guarantee loans?
Article VIII, The Judicial Department
42. In whom is judicial power vested?
43.
What is judicial power under the 1987 Constitution?
44.
What are the limitations on the power of Congress to make
appropriations for the judiciary?
45. What is the power of Congress with respect to jurisdiction
of courts?
46. What are the powers of the Supreme Court?
47. State the rule-making power of the Supreme Court
48. What is the constitutional requirement for decisions
rendered by the courts?
49. What is the function of the Judicial and Bar Council?
50. Give the safeguards embodied in the Constitution to
ensure the independence of the judiciary
Article VI, ARTICLE VII, ARTICLE VIII,
Separation of Powers/Checks & Balances
51.
exercise of
52.
exercise of

What
power
What
power

are the ways by which Congress can check the

by the President? Briefly explain each.
are the ways by which Congress can check the
by the Judiciary. Briefly explain each.

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53.
exercise of
54.
exercise of

What are the ways by which the President can check the
power by Congress. Briefly explain.
What are the ways by which the President can check the
power by the Judiciary? Briefly explain.

Article IX, Constitutional Commissions

55. What are the Constitutional Commissions?
56. What are the safeguards to ensure the independence of
constitutional commissions?
57. What are the powers of the Civil Service Commission?
58. What are covered by the civil service?
59. What are the criteria for appointments in the civil service?
60. What are the only valid causes for removal or suspension
of employees or officers in the civil service?
61. Do government employees have the right to form unions?
Why?
62. What is the prohibition on appointment of losing election
candidates?
63. What is the prohibition on elective officials with respect to
their appointment to other public offices?
64. What is the prohibition on appointive officials with respect
to holding any other office in government? What are the exceptions?
65. What is the rule on double compensation?
66. What are the powers of the Commission on Audit?
67. What matters are within the exclusive original jurisdiction
of the Commission on Elections?
68. What is the power of the Comelec with respect to the
enjoyment and utilization of all franchises or permits for the operation
of transportation and other public utilities, or media of
communications?
69. What is the specific power of the Commission on Audit with
respect to the examination and auditing of funds of the government?
Article X, Local Government
70. What are the territorial and political subdivisions of the
Philippines?
71. What is the most basic right of local governments?
72. What is the role of the President with respect to local
governments?
73. What is the extent of the taxing power of local
governments?
74. To whom should these local taxes, fees and charges
accrue?

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75. What is the requirement for the creation, division, merger,
or abolition of a province, city, municipality or barangay?
Article XI, Accountability of Public Officers
76. What is the basic character of a public office? What does
this mean?
77. Which of these categories required confirmation by the
Commission on Appointments?
78. Who may be removed from office by impeachment?
79. What are the grounds for impeachment?
80. How is the process of impeachment initiated?
81. Outline the entire impeachment process.
82. When is a public officer considered impeached?
83. What is the extent of judgments in cases of impeachment?
Article XII, National Economy & Patrimony
84. State the Regalian Doctrine under the 1987 Constitution.
85. State the rule on the exploration, development and
utilization of natural resources?
86. State the rule of preference on the grant of rights,
privileges and concessions covering the national economy and
patrimony.
87. State the limitations on the grant of franchise for the
operation of a public utility.
88. When may the State temporarily take over a privately
owned public utility or business affected with public interest?
89. What are the limitations in incurring foreign loans?
90. What is the rule on the practice of profession?
91. How may the State regulate the formation of private
corporations?
92. What is the policy of the State with respect to monopolies,
restraint of trade and unfair competition?
Article XIII, Social Justice and Human Rights
93.
Rights?

What is the primary function of the Commission on Human

Article XIV, Education, Science and Technology, Arts,

Culture and Sports
94. What is the obligation of the State with respect to the
maintenance of a free public education system?

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95. Under what conditions may the government allow religion
to be taught to children in public elementary and high schools?
96. Who are allowed to own educational institutions?
97. Who are allowed to control and administer educational
institutions?
98. State the prohibition on the establishment of schools for
aliens?
99. What is academic freedom?
Article XVI, General Provisions
100. What are the prohibitions on members of the military with
respect to elections?
101. What are the prohibitions on members of the military with
respect to appointment to other public office?
102. What are the limitations in the ownership of mass media?
103. What are the prohibitions on the ownership and
management of persons or corporation in the advertising industry?
Article XVII, Amendments and Revisions
104.
105.
106.
107.

How may amendments to the Constitution be proposed?

How may revisions to the Constitution be proposed?
How may a constitutional convention be called?
When will an amendment or revision of the Constitution be

valid?
Article XVIII, Transitory Provisions
108. What are the requirements for foreign military bases,
troops, or facilities to be allowed in the Philippines?

FOR MASTERY OF CONCEPTS,

PRINCIPLES & DOCTRINES
Define, briefly explain, differentiate or enumerate.
POLITICAL LAW INTRODUCTION
1.
2.

Political Law
Effect of change in sovereignty to political laws

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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
system

State
Elements of a state
Meaning of sovereignty
Dominium
Imperium
Distinguish a de facto from a de jure government
Distinguish a presidential system from a parliamentary

The Constitution in General

10. Constitution defined
11. Parts of a written constitution
12. Doctrine of constitutional supremacy
13. Self-executing and non-self-executing provisions of the
Constitution
14. What are the two essential elements for a petition to be
considered valid under Sec. 2, Article XVII of the Constitution on
amendments directly proposed by the people through initiative? How
can these elements be met?
15. What is the difference between amendment and revision of
the Constitution?
16. May amendments to the Constitution be proposed directly
by the people through an initiative petition? Why?
17. Is the system of initiative on the Constitution under the
Constitution self-executory? Why?
18. May the people directly propose amendments to the
Constitution through the system of initiative? Why?
State Principles and Policies
19. What is a republican state?
20. Why is the Philippine state considered a democratic state?
State your constitutional basis.
21. What is the policy of the Philippine State with respect to
war?
22. In what ways is the separation of Church and State ensured
under the Constitution?
23. May Congress legalize abortion? Give your legal basis?
24. What is the Constitutional policy on nuclear weapons?
25. What is the policy of the Philippine State with regard to
political dynasties?
26. What is the policy of the Philippine State with regard to
disclosure of government transactions?
National Territory

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27.
Archipelagic doctrine
28.
What are the specific islands or territories included in the
phrase Philippine archipelago?
29.
What are the territories included in all other territories
over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction?
30.
What is the so-called baseline method?
31.
Does the Philippines conform to the archipelagic concept
under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea?
32.
What are the territories included in all other territories
over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction?
State immunity from suit
33. Meaning of State immunity from suit
34. What suits are considered a suit against a state
35. May officers of the government who exceeds the power
conferred upon them by law hide under the principle of sovereign
immunity from suit? Why?
36. May the courts review the determination of the
Department of Foreign Affairs that a State or a diplomatic official is
entitled to a sovereign or diplomatic immunity from suit?
37. How state consent to be sued is given
38. How is express consent to be sued given?
39. How is implied consented to be sued given?
40. Are all contracts entered into by the government
considered as waiver of its immunity from suit? Why?
41. Suability vs. Liability
42. Consent to be sued vs. consent to execution
43. May the courts issue writs of execution against the
government? Why?
44. How must enforcement or satisfaction of a judgment
against the State be pursued?

STRUCTURE AND POWERS OF GOVERNMENT

Principles & Policies of the Philippine State
45. How is the principle of People Power reflected in the 1987
Constitution?
46. Republicanism
47. Civilian supremacy over the military

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48. Does the deployment of the military for civilian law
enforcement necessarily constitute a violation of the civilian
supremacy clause? Why?
49. What are generally accepted principles of international
law? Give examples?
50. How is the principle of separation of Church and State
ensured under the 1987 Constitution?
51. What are the exceptions to the principle of separation of
Church and State under the 1987 Constitution?
52. Protection for the life of the unborn
53. Intergenerational responsibility
54. Meaning of social justice
Structure of Government in General
55.
Separation of Powers
56.
Blending of powers
57.
What is the meaning of judicial supremacy?
58.
Power of judicial review in general
59.
Requisites for judicial review
60. What is the case or controversy requirement in the
exercise of judicial review?
61. What is the meaning of ripeness requirement in the
exercise of judicial review
62.
Moot and academic principle
63.
Locus standi
64.
When does a taxpayer, legislator, voter or citizen have
locus standi?
65.
Direct injury test
66. What is the meaning of redressability as a requirement of
judicial review?
67. What is the meaning of causation as a requirement of
judicial review?
68.
May the unborn have standing to sue in court? Why?
69.
Doctrine of transcendental importance
70. Meaning of earliest opportunity
71. Meaning of lis mota requirement
72.
What is the reason behind the lis mota requirement?
73.
Judicial restraint
74.
Political questions
75.
May the courts supplant the executive? Why?
76. Can courts pass upon the wisdom and soundness of an
executive decision? Why not?
77.
Examples of political questions based on jurisprudence
78.
EDSA People Power I v. EDSA People Power II

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79.
80.

Status of an unconstitutional law

Doctrine of operative fact
The Legislative Branch

81.
82.
83.

Legislative power
In whom is legislative power vested?
Limitation on legislative power: Passage of irrepealable

laws
84. Limitation on legislative power: Non-delegation
85.
Delegation of legislative power: Requisites for validity
86.
Composition of the House of Representatives
87. How are legislative districts apportioned? How can they be
reapportioned?
88. Parameters of Philippine-style party list elections
89. How party list seats are to be filled up
90.
May Congress impose additional qualifications for
membership in Congress? Why?
91.
Privilege of Speech or Debate
92. When is a speech or debate of a Member of Congress
considered privileged?
93.
Privilege from Arrest
94. May Congress compel the attendance of one of its absent
members if the latter is confined for being charged with a crime
punishable by imprisonment of more than six years? Why?
95. What are the alternatives for Congress Bicameral
Conference Committee in terms of harmonizing bills from both Houses?
96.
Amendment by Substitution
97.
Basis and concept of congressional oversight
98.
What is a legislative veto? Is it valid?
99. Does the House of Representatives on its own validly
exercise legislative power?
100. What are the two basic steps required before a bill
becomes a law?
101. May Congress empower itself to approve the implementing
rules of a law, after a law has already taken effect? Why?
102. Power of inquiry
103. What power is included in the power of inquiry?
104. Power of inquiry v. Legislative power
105. What are the limitations to the power of Congress to
conduct legislative inquires?
106. Inquiry in aid of legislation v. Question hour
107. What is the difference between the power of inquiry of
Congress and the right of the people to information on matters of
public concern?

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108. What is the remedy of Congress in case the President
refuses to allow members of the military to appear before
Congressional inquiries?
109. Enrolled Bill doctrine
110. Power of the Supreme Court to invalidate acts of noncompliance to internal rules of Congress
111. Rider
112. Germaneness test
113. Veto of a provision v. veto of an item
114. What is an inappropriate provision?
115. May courts of law review a budget passed by Congress to
determine if such budget is reasonable or sufficient? Why?
116. What is the power of Congress with respect in relation to
the power of the President to appoint?
117. In prescribing qualifications for Presidential appointees,
what is the limit to the power of Congress?
118. Can Congress make a law effective immediately upon
approval, even before or without previous publication? Why?
The Executive Branch
119. Executive power
120. Presidential immunity
121. Presidential privileges
122. Nepotism rule
123. Power of control
124. What is the extent of the Presidents power of control?
125. Power of control v. Power of supervision
126. Doctrine of qualified political agency
127. Legal bases of the power of the president to reorganize
the Executive branch
128. May the President reorganize the entire national
government?
129. Power of appointment
130. In whom may Congress vest the power to appoint lower
ranked officers?
131. Is the Presidents power to appoint subject to legislative
limitations?
132. May Congress pass a law that puts a government office in
the Executive Branch outside the control power of the President? Why?
133. Ad interim appointment v. Acting appointment
134. May an ad interim appointee disapproved by the
Commission on Appointments be extended a new appointment?
135. What is the difference between a disapproved and a bypassed ad interim appointment?

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136. Midnight appointments
137. Power of removal
138. Limitations on the power of removal
139. Does the President have the power to restrict the speech of
members of the Armed Forces? Why?
140. Does the President have the power to restrict the mobility
of members of the Armed Forces? Why?
141. Why does the President have the power to prevent a
member of the Armed Forces from testifying before a legislative
inquiry?
142. Veto power
143. Distinguish the power of the President to veto a bill and his
power to veto a particular item in an appropriation bill
144. The Presidents Ordinance power
145. Power of general supervision over local governments
146. Supervision defined
147. Presidents power to investigate and discipline local
government officials
148. Who is the sole organ of the State in external relations?
149. Treaty-making power of the President
150. Explain the nature of the act of ratification of a treaty.
151. What is the limitation to this power?
152. Power of the President to declare a national emergency vs.
Exercise of emergency powers
153. What are the powers of the President which may not be
delegated to or exercised by an agent or alter ego of the President?
154. May the Presidents borrowing power be exercised by his or
her alter ego, the Secretary of Finance? Why?
155. Is the exercise of judicial review meant to supplant the
Executive?
156. What is the extent of the Presidents power to reorganize
executive departments, bureaus and offices?
157. Residual powers
158. Are the powers of the President limited only to the specific
powers enumerated in the Constitution? Why?
159. Please explain the power of the president to keep the
peace?
160. Presidential immunity from suit
161. Scope of presidential immunity from suit
162. Executive privilege
163. Varieties of executive privilege
164. Presidential communications privilege
165. Doctrine of operational proximity
166. What are the elements of the so-called presidential
communications privilege?

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167. Are communications within the executive privilege
absolutely protected by the Constitution? Explain.
168. What must be shown to overcome this privilege?
169. Is executive privilege a bar to the possible disclosure of
crime or wrongdoing?
170. How should the claim of executive privilege be invoked?
171. What are required of the Congressional committee
conducting a legislative inquiry when inviting a person to appear
before it?
172. Are executive officials exempt from the duty to disclose
information by the mere fact of being executive officials? Why?
173. How may executive officials exempt themselves from the
exercise by Congress of its power of inquiry? Why?
174. Who has the power to invoke executive privilege?
175. May the President require that all executive officials to seek
prior consent before attending a legislative inquiry?
176. What should be given to officials summoned by Congress
on matter which might covered by executive privilege?
177. What is the presumption with respect to presidential
communications?
178. What is the nature of the power of the President to enter
into executive agreements or to secure foreign loans?
179. Who are the officers covered by the doctrine of operation
proximity?
180. How should the Congress overturn this presumption?
181. Is the final text of an international agreement privileged?
Why?
182. Are the offers exchanged by the parties during the
negotiations toward an international agreement privileged? Why?
183. What is the character of the diplomatic negotiations
privilege?
184. How can the presumption of the privileged character of
diplomatic negotiations be overcome?
185. Distinguish pardon from amnesty
The Judiciary
186. Judicial power under the 1987 Constitution
187. Judicial power as a duty
188. Judicial restraint
189. Fiscal autonomy
190. What can the Supreme Court specifically do because of its
fiscal autonomy
191. Automatic release of appropriations defined
192. What should be given to entities vested with fiscal
autonomy in terms of their appropriations?

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193. Is a revenue shortfall a valid justification to withhold the
release of funds of these Constitutional bodies?
194. Administrative supervision of the Supreme Court
195. Rule-making power of the Supreme Court
196. Why rule-making is now an exclusive power of the
Supreme Court
197. Power of the Supreme Court to control the execution of its
decision as an essential aspect of jurisdiction
198. Decision-making process in the Supreme Court
199. What vote is required for the Supreme Court modify a
doctrine of law set down in a case decided by the Supreme Court?

PUBLIC OFFICERS
200. How are public offices created?
201. Is a public office property?
202. Who are public officers?
203. Who has the power to prescribe qualifications for public
office?
204. What are the modes of acquiring title to public office?
205. What is the meaning of appointment?
206. Appointment v. designation
207. What is the basic nature of the power to appoint?
208. What are the modes and kinds of appointment?
209. What are the eligigility and qualification requirements for
specific public offices?
210. What are the disabilities and inhibitions of specific public
officers?
211. What are the requirements for a valid appointment to the
civil service?
212. What is the role of the Civil Service Commission with
regard to the appointment process?
213. Who are career and non-career officers of the civil service?
214. What are the steps in the appointment process?
215. When is an appointment considered complete?
216. May an appointment be revoked or recalled? How?
217. Permanent v. Temporary appointment
218. Holder-over concept
219. State the nepotism rule under the Administrative Code
220. State the nepotism rule under the Local Government Code
221. State the nepotism rule under the Constitution
222. What are primarily confidential positions?
223. Next-in-rank rule
224. What are the requirement for appointment to the Career

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Executive Service?
225. What is the meaning of security of tenure of those in the
CES?
226. What is the basic remedy to question the right of a person
to hold an appointive or elective office?
227. May title to public office be attacked collaterally?
228. What are the powers and duties of public officers in
general?
229. What are the liabilities of public officers?
230. What ar the rights of public officers
231. Preventive suspension and back salaries
232. Illegal dismissal, reinstatement and back salaries
233. Immunity of public officers
234. De facto officers
235. Are de facto officers entitled to salaries?
236. May salaries of public officers be garnished?
237. State the constitutional restriction on double compensation
238. Termination of Official Relation
239. Scope of civil service
240. Criterion for appointment and mode of selection
241. Accountability public officers
242. State the prohibition against partisan political activity
243. May civil servants engage in a strike?
244. What is the meaning of security of tenure?
245. Who are covered by security of tenure?
246. Give examples of personnel actions that amounts to illegal
dismissal.
247. What is the jurisdiction of the Civil Service Commission
with regard to disciplinary actions against members of the civil
service?
248. What is the extent of the disciplinary powers of the
President with respect to appointive officials?
249. What is the extent of the disciplinary powers of the
President with respect to local officials?
250. What are specific grounds for removal or suspension in the
civil service?
251. Who may impose preventive suspensions of public officers?
252. When is reinstatement with backwages allowed?
253. Is preventive suspension without pay allowed? Briefly
explain.
254. What is the limitation on the power to reorganize or abolish
public offices?
255. When is a reorganization or abolition of office in bad faith?
256. When is there an abandonment of office?
257. What is the liability of public officers for unexplained
wealth?

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258. When may a public officer be liable for the acts of his
subordinates?
259. Impeachment
260. Powers of the Ombudsman
261. Judicial review of Ombudsman proceedings and resolutions

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
262. How are administrative agencies created?
263. Powers of administrative agencies in general
264. Meaning Quasi-Legislative (Rule Making) power
265. Kinds of administrative rules and regulations
266. Requisites for validity
267. Publication: when and when not required
268. Quasi-judicial (Adjudicatory) power
269. Meaning and requirement of administrative due process\
270. Administrative appeal and review
271. Administrative res judicata
272. Explain the fact-finding, investigative, licensing and ratefixing powers of administrative agencies
273. Are notice and hearing required for the issuance of an
administrative rule? Briefly explain.
274. Are notice and hearing required for the issuance of a
decision or resolution in the exercise of adjudicative functions? Briefly
explain.
275. What are the judicial recourses, remedies or modes of
review of the exercise of quasi-legislative powers of an administrative
agency?
276. What are the judicial recourses, remedies or modes of
review of the exercise of quasi-judicial powers of an
administrative agency?
277. Doctrine of primary administrative jurisdiction
278. Doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies
279. Exceptions to the doctrine of exhaustion
280. Doctrine of finality of administrative action
281. Power of administrative agencies to cite for contempt:
when and when not available

ELECTION LAW
282.
283.
284.
285.

Meaning of suffrage
Initiative
Referendum
Plebiscite

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Who may elect
286. Who may exercise this right: Qualification and
disqualification of Voters
287. May the law require the registration of voters as a requisite
to vote? Why?
288. Who has jurisdiction over inclusion and exclusion
proceedings
289. May dual citizens vote in Philippine elections?
Who may be elected
290. Qualification of individual candidates
291. Residency, meaning and elements
292. Change of residency: requisites
293. Disqualifications of individual candidates under the
Constitution
294. Disqualification of individual candidates under statutes
295. Qualification and disqualification of party list candidates
296. Qualification and disqualification of party list nominees
Other actors in the election process
297. State the powers of the Commission on Elections under the
Constitution.
298. What are the conditions for the Comelec to exercise its
power to regulate the media or public utilities?
299. May the Comelec compel newspapers to give free print
space to candidates to ensure equal opportunities during elections?
Briefly explain.
300. May the Comelec prevent the publication of surveys of
voter preference during the election period? Briefly explain.
301. What are the prohibitions on members of the armed forces
and the civil service during elections?
302. May the Comelec ban the media from conduct and
publication of exit polls on elections? Why?
303. May the Comelec ban the conduct of election surveys?
Why?
The electoral process
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.

Election period
Effect of filing on appointive and elective officers
Substitution of candidates
Withdrawal of candidates
Nuisance candidates

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309. Petition to Deny or Cancel Certificates of Candidacy
310. Give the various grounds for disqualification under the
Omnibus Election Code.
311. Effect of Disqualification
312. Distinguish: disqualification v. cancellation of certificate of
candidacy
313. Prohibited acts during campaign
314. Prohibited contributions
315. Limitations on campaign expenses
316. Statements of contributions and expenses
317. Premature campaigning, is it illegal? Briefly explain.
318. Powers of the board of canvassers in general
319. Explain the duty of the Board of Canvassers to proclaim the
winner.
320. Doctrine of statistical improbability
Remedies in election law
321. Petition Not to Give Due Course to Certificate of Candidacy:
When can it be filed and on what ground/s
322. Petition to Declare Failure of Elections: When can it be filed
and on what ground/s
323. Pre-Proclamation Controversy: When can it be filed and on
what ground/s
324. What are manifest errors?
325. What are the grounds to declare failure of elections?
326. Election Protest: When can it be filed and on what ground/s
327. Quo Warranto: When can it be filed and on what ground/s
328. Election protest v. quo warranto
329. Who may prosecute individuals for election offenses
330. Outline the jurisdiction of various courts/tribunals in
election controversies

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
331. Public corporations v. Government-Owned or Controlled
Corporations
332. Classifications of public corporations
333. Elements of municipal corporations
334. Nature and function of municipal corporations
335. Requisites for Creation, Conversion, Division, Merger or
Dissolution
336. Meaning of local autonomy
337. Meaning of fiscal autonomy
338. Extent and limitation of LGUs taxing power
339. Exent and limitation of LGUs eminent domain power

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340.
341.
342.
343.
344.
345.
execution?
346.
347.
348.
349.
350.
grounds
351.
352.
353.
354.
355.
356.
357.
358.

Extent and limitation of LGUs police power

Extent and limitation of power to close and open roads
Extent and limitation of legislative power
Liability for torts and contracts
May local governments be sued?
Are properties of local governments exempt from
Requisites for entering into a valid contract
Doctrine of implied municipal liability
Settlement of boundary disputes
Succession of elective officials
Discipline of local officials: Who may exercise and on what
State the nepotism rule under the Local Government Code
Preventive suspension
Removal
Administrative Appeal
Doctrine of Condonation
Appointive local officials
Recall
Term limits of local officials

NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY/SOCIAL

JUSTICE & HUMAN RIGHTS/EDUCATION, SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS
359. Meaning of Regalian Doctrine
360. Filipino first policy
361. Meaning of academic freedom
362. Which should prevail? The right of students to free speech
or a schools academic freedom?
363. May aliens own lands in the Philippines? What are the
exceptions to this rule?

ASSIGNED CASES (selected recent jurisprudence)

1.
2.
3.
4.

Biraogo v. Philippine Truth Commission, 07 December 2010

Vinuya v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 162230, April 28, 2010
De Castro v. Judicial and Bar Council, 17 March 2010
Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers, 25
March 2008
5. Neri v. Senate Committee, 04 September 2008
6. Lawyers Against Monopoly v. Sec. of Budget and Management,
April 24, 2012
7. Petition for Recognition of Exemption of GSIS from Payment of

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Docket Fees, 11 February 2010, A.M. No. 08-2-01-0
8. Ang Ladlad LGBT Party v. Comelec, April 8, 2010
9. Funa v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 192791
10.Social Justice Society v. Dangerous Drugs Board, G.R. No.
157870, November 3, 2008
11.Lumanog v. People, G.R. No. 182555 : September 7, 2010
12.Carbonnel v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 187689, 07
September 2010
13.League of Cities of the Philippines v. Comelec, G.R. No. 176951,
April 12, 2011
14.Abdul Gaffar P.M. Dibaratun v. Comelec, 02 February 2010
15.Mitra v. Comelec, 02 July 2010
16.Quinto v. Comelec, 22 February 2010
17.Penera v. Comelec, G.R. No. 181613, 25 November 2009
18.Bedol v. Commission on Elections, 03 December 2009, G.R. No.
179830)
19.Atong Paglaum v. Comelec, G.R. No. 203766, April 2, 2013
20.Nacu v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 187752, 23
November 2010
21.Bayan Muna v. Romulo, G.R. No. 159618, 01 February 2011
22.Magallona v. Ermita, G.R No. 187167, July 16, 2011
23.Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No. 202242, July 17,
2012
24.Kulayan v Tan, G.R. No. 187298, July 03, 2012