Microwave Bits

1.
The velocity factor of a transmission line depends on

A.
temperature
B.
skin effect
C.
relative permittivity of dielectric
D.
none of the above
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
r of a dielectric changes with humidity.
2. A loss less line of characteristic impedance Z0 is terminated in pure reactance
of -jZ0 value. VSWR is
A.
10
B.
2 C.
Answer: Option D
D.
infinity
Explanation:
A pure reactance does not absorb any power.
Therefore VSWR is infinite because |rv| = 1.
3. In a klystron amplifier the input cavity is called
A.buncher B. catcher C.
Answer: Option A
Pierce gun D.
collector
Explanation:
A Klystron is a vacuum tube used for generation/amplification of microwaves.
An electron beam is produced by oxide coated indirectly heated cathode and is
focussed and accelerated by focussing electrode.
This beam is transmitted through a glass tube. The input cavity where the beam
enters the glass tube is called buncher.
As electrons move ahead they see an accelerating field for half cycle and
retarding field for the other half cycle.
Therefore, some electrons are accelerated and some are retarded. This process is
called velocity modulation.
The velocity modulation causes bunching of electrons. This bunching effect
converts velocity modulation into density modulation of beam.
The input is fed at buncher cavity and output is taken at catcher cavity.
In a two cavity klystron only buncher and catcher cavity are used. In multi cavity
klystron one or more intermediate cavities are also used.
The features of a multicavity klystron are :
1. Frequency range - 0.25 GHz to 100 GHz
2. Power output - 10 kW to several hundred kW
3. Power gain - 60 dB (nominal value)
4. Efficiency - about 40%.
A multicavity klystron is used in UHF TV transmitters, Radar transmitter and
satellite communication.
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4.
In a circular waveguide the dominant mode is
A.
TE01 B.
TE11 C.
Answer: Option B
TE20 D.
TE21
Explanation:
Some applications require dual polarization capability. Circular waveguide has
this capability.
These analysis uses cylindrical coordinates.
In circular waveguide TE11 mode has the lowest cut off frequency and is the
dominant mode.
If D is diameter of waveguide
c = 1.706 D for TE11 mode
c = 1.306 D for TM01 mode.
5. The reflection coefficient on a line is 0.2 45. The SWR is
A.
0.8
B.
1.1 C.1.2
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
D.
1.5
Microwave resonators are used in
A.
microwave oscillators
B.
microwave narrow band amplifier
C.
microwave frequency metres
D.
all of the above
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
They are used in all the devices.
7.
Assertion (A): TWT uses a focussing mechanism to prevent the electron beam from spreading.
Reason (R): In a TWT the electron beam has to travel a much longer distance than in klystron.
A.
Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A
B.
Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A
C.
A is correct but R is wrong
D.
A is wrong but R is correct
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In a klystron the resonant structure limits the bandwidth.
A TWT is a broadband device. Its main components are electron gun (to produce the electron beam)
and a structure supporting the slow electromagnetic wave.
The velocity of wave propagation along the helix structure is less than velocity of light.
The beam and wave travel along the structure at the same speed.
Thus interaction occurs between beam and wave and the beam delivers energy to the RF wave.
Therefore the signal gets strengthened and amplified output is delivered at the other end of tube.
The main features of TWT are :
2. Power output - 5 mW at low frequencies(less than 20 GHz) 250 kW (continuous wave) at 3 GHz
10 MW (pulsed) at 3 GHz
3. Efficiency - about 5 to 20%
4. Noise - about 5 dB for low power TWT 25 dB for high power TWT
TWT is used as RF amplifier in broadband microwave receivers, repeater amplifier in broad band
communication systems, communication satellites etc.
8.
In a TWT the amplitude of resultant wave travelling down the helix
A.
increases exponentially
B.
increases linearly
C.
decreases exponentially
D.
is almost constant
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
9.
Which of the following is not a travelling wave?
A.
e = Em sin (x - t)
B.
e = Em cos (x - t)
C.
e = Em sin (t - x)
D.
e = Em sin (x)
10.
Both Impatt and Trapatt devices use avalanche effect
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
An Impatt diode has n+ - p - i - p
structure and is used with reverse bias.
It exhibits negative resistance and operates on the principle of avalanche breakdown.

Impatt diode circuits are classified as broadly tunable circuit, low Q circuit and high Q circuit.
The impedance of Impatt diode is a few ohms. The word Impatt stands for Impact Avalanche Transit
Time diode.
The features of Impatt diode oscillator are : frequency 1 to 300 GHz, Power output (0.5 W to 5 W for
single diode circuit and upto 40 W for combination of several diodes), efficiency about 20%.
Its applications include police radar systems, low power microwave transmitter etc.
Avalanche diode can also be operated in large signal high efficiency mode called Trapped Avalanche
Transit Time mode.
The Trapatt oscillations depend on the delay in the current caused by avalanche process.
The avalanche delay makes it possible to increase the diode voltage well above the breakdown
voltage.
Therefore a very rapid multiplication of charge carriers occurs. A Trapatt diode is also a negative
resistance device.
The features of Trapatt diode oscillator are : Frequency 3 to 50 GHz, Power output 1-3 W, efficiency
about 25%.
Its applications are low power doppler radar, microwave beacon landing system etc.
11.
In a directional coupler
A.
isolation (dB) equals coupling plus directivity
B.
coupling (dB) equals isolation plus directivity
C.
directivity (dB) equals isolation plus coupling
D.
isolation (dB) equals (coupling) (directivity)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Isolation equals coupling plus directivity.

12.
As the frequency is increased, the charging MVAR in a cable
A.
decreases
B.
increases
C.
remain the same
D.
decreases or remains the scheme
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Charging current and MVAR are proportional to frequency.
13.
Loss angle of a good quality cable is about
A.
B.
30
C.
70
D.
90
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
For ideal dielectric loss angle is zero. For good quality cables, loss angle is very small, about 1 only.
14.
In a three cavity klystron amplifier, the oscillations are excited in
A.
input cavity
B.
output cavity
C.
intermediate cavity
D.
both (a) and (b)
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
An electron beam is produced by oxide coated indirectly heated cathode and is focussed and
accelerated by focussing electrode.
This beam is transmitted through a glass tube. The input cavity where the beam enters the glass
tube is called buncher.
As electrons move ahead they see an accelerating field for half cycle and retarding field for the other
half cycle.
Therefore, some electrons are accelerated and some are retarded. This process is called velocity
modulation.
The velocity modulation causes bunching of electrons. This bunching effect converts velocity
modulation into density modulation of beam.
In a two cavity klystron only buncher and catcher cavity are used. In multi cavity klystron one or
more intermediate cavities are also used.
A multicavity klystron is used in UHF TV transmitters, Radar transmitter and satellite communication.
In the given figure reflection coefficient at load is
A.
0.6
B.
- 0.6
C.
0.4
D.
- 0.4

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
16.
Which of the following lines is non-radiating?
A.
Open two wire
B.
Coaxial
C.
Both
D.
None of the above
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since fields are confirmed within a coaxial cable it is non-radiating.
17.
Assertion (A): The impedance of a matched load is equal to characteristic impedance of line.
Reason (R): A matched termination absorbs all the power incident on it.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Matched load means no reflections.
18.
Skin effect is more pronounced at high frequencies.
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Skin effect increases as frequency increases.
19.
Assertion (A): The phenomenon of differential mobility is called transferred electron effect.
Reason (R): GaAs exhibits transferred electron effect.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A Gunn diode uses GaAs which has a negative differential mobility, i.e., a decrease in carrier
velocity with increase in electric field.
This effects is called transferred electron effect. The impedance of a Gunn diode is tens of
ohms.
A Gunn diode oscillator has a resonant cavity, an arrangement to couple Gunn diode to cavity,
biasing arrangement for Gunn diode and arrangement to couple RF power to load.
Applications of Gunn diode oscillator include continuous wave radar, pulsed radar and
microwave receivers.
20.
Which of the following devices uses a helix?
A.
Klystron amplifier
B.
Klystron oscillator
C.
TWT
D.
Both (a) and (b)
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
A TWT is a broadband device. Its main components are electron gun (to produce the electron
beam) and a structure supporting the slow electromagnetic wave.
Thus interaction occurs between beam and wave and the beam delivers energy to the RF
wave.
Therefore the signal gets strengthened and amplified output is delivered at the other end of
tube.
2. Power output - 5 mW at low frequencies(less than 20 GHz) 250 kW (continuous wave) at 3
GHz 10 MW (pulsed) at 3 GHz
TWT is used as RF amplifier in broadband microwave receivers, repeater amplifier in broad
band communication systems, communication satellites etc.
21.
Which of the following parameters is negligible in transmission lines?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Shunt conductance can be neglected in most of calculations.
22.
The width of a radio beam from a 1 m diameter parabolic antenna at 10 GHz is about
A.
100
B.
50
C.
D.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
.
23.
The diagram to show distance time history of electrons in klystron amplifier is called
A.
apple gate diagram
B.
asynchronous diagram
C.
bunching diagram
D.
velocity modulation diagram
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Applegate diagram is distance time plot.

24.
Impedance level of Impatt diodes is generally lower than that of Gunn diodes
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

Time diode.
25.
A quarter wave line open circuited at far end behaves as
A.
inductance
B.
L and C in parallel
C.
capacitance
D.
L and C in series
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
A quarter wave line o.c. at far end behaves as a series tuned circuit.
26.
A line has Z0 = 300 0 . If ZL = 150 0 , reflection coefficient is
A.
0.5
B.
0.3333
C.
-0.3333
D.
-0.5
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Reflection coefficient
27.
Assertion (A): A backward wave oscillator has an internal positive feedback.
Reason (R): A positive feedback is necessary for sustained oscillations.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
It is somewhat similar to TWT and can deliver microwave power over a wide frequency band.
It has an electron gun and a helix structure. However the interaction between electron beam and RF
wave is different than in TWT.
The growing RF wave travels in opposite direction to the electron beam.
The frequency of wave can be changed by changing the voltage which controls the beam velocity.
Moreover the amplitude of oscillations can be decreased continuously to zero by changing the beam
current.
It features are:
1. Frequency range - 1 GHz to 1000 GHz.
2. Power output - 10 mV to 150 mW (continuous wave) 250kW (pulsed).

It is used as signal source in transmitters and instruments.
28.
In a microstrip transmission the signal can be easily redirected by changing the centre strip.
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A Microstrip line has a single dielectric substratc with ground plane on one side and a strip on the
other face.
Its special feature is easy access to top surface so that minor adjustments can be made after circuit
fabrication.
The high dielectric constant of the substrate reduces guide wavelength and circuit dimensions.
A microstrip line is the most commomly used transmission structure for microwave integrated
circuits.
29.
The frequency of oscillation in a backward wave oscillator can be changed by
A.
varying the voltage which controls beam velocity
B.
varying the beam current
C.
both by varying the beam current and by light varying the voltage which controls beam
velocity
D.
changing the rate of thermionic emission
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

current.
It features are:
30.
A line has a phase constant of 29.8 rad/m. At 1000 MHz the wavelength is
A.
29.8 m
B.
2.98 m
C.
2.1 m
D.
0.21 m
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
31.
In the given figure the time taken by the wave to make one round trip is
A.
10 ns
B.
20 ns
C.
30 ns
D.
40 ns
Answer: Option D
Explanation:

32.
For a 50 resistor for 3 GHz application, the stray capacitance should be less than
A.
1 F
B.
1 nF
C.
1 pF
D.
0.1 pF
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
XC should be at least ten times greater than R. Therefore for 50 resistor at 3 GHz, C should be less
than 0.1 pF.
33.
In a travelling wave tube distributed interaction between an electron beam and a travelling wave
takes place
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

34.
The fabrication of microstrip line is done by
A.
photo etching
B.
printed circuit technique
C.
oxidation
D.
cladding
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Printed circuit techniques is used for micro strip line.
35.
The condition of minimum distortion in a transmission line is
A.
RL = 1
B.
R=0
C.
D.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The condition for minimum distortion is found by equating
The result is
36.
The action of backward wave oscillator is similar to that of
A.
klystron amplifier
B.
reflex klystron oscillator
C.
TWT
D.
magnetron
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
current.
It features are:

37.
In the given figure the reflection coefficient at source end is
A.
B.
-1
C.
1/3
D.
-1/3
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
.
38.
Assertion (A): Artificial transmission lines are frequently used in laboratories.
Reason (R): An artificial transmission line can be used to represent an actual line and can also be
used as a delay circuit, as attenuator, as filter network etc.
A.
B.
C.
D.

39.
In a backward wave oscillator the wave travelling along the line winds itself back and forth
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
current.
It features are:
40.
A line is excited by a 100 V dc source. If reflection coefficients at both ends are 1 each then
A.
there will be no oscillations on line
B.
there will be only 1 or 2 oscillations on line
C.
there will be a finite number of oscillations on line
D.
the oscillations will continue indefinitely
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Because
v = 1 at each end, the line voltage will not reach a steady value and oscillations will
continue indefinitely.
41.
Assertion (A): A coaxial line is a non-radiating line.
Reason (R): In a coaxial line the electric and magnetic fields are confined to the region between
the concentric conductors.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since the fields are confined, there is no radiation.
42.
Reflex klystron oscillator is essentially a low power device
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
It uses a single cavity resonator for generating microwave oscillations.
Its parts are electron gun, resonator, repeller and output coupling.
It operates on the principle of positive feed back.
The repeller electrode is at negative potential and sends the partially bunched electron beam back to
resonator cavity.
This positive feedback supports oscillations. Its feature are:
1. Frequency range - 2 to 100 GHz
2. Power output - 10 MW to about 2 W
3. Efficiency - 10 - 20 %
Its applications include radar receivers, local oscillator in microwave devices, oscillator for microwave
measurements in laboratories etc.
43.
A 10 km long line has a characteristic impedance of 400 ohms. If line length is 100 km, the
characteristic impedance is
A.
4000
B.
400
C.
40
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
and is independent of line length.

44.
A matched generator (Zg = Z0) with 1 available. If all ports are matched, the power delivered at
ports 1, 2, 3 respectively are
A.
0.5 W, 0.5 W, 0 W
B.
0 W, 0 W, 1 W
C.
0.33 W each
D.
0 W, 0.25 W, 0.25 W
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since all ports matched, input SWR = 1. No power is reflected and P in = P4 = 1 W.
This power splits between ports 1 and 2. Therefore P 1 = P2 = 0.5 , P3 = 0.
45.
Which TM mode in rectangular waveguide has lowest cutoff frequency?
A.
TM11
B.
TM01
C.
TM10
D.
TM21
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Hz = 0
Ex = ZTM Hy
Ey = ZTM Hx
where E0 is the amplitude of the wave.
The expressions for , c, fc, g,
are the same as for TE waves.
For TM wave the lowest cut off frequency in rectangular wave guide is for TM 11 mode.
If
, the cutoff frequency for TM11 mode is about 12% more than that for TE20mode.
46.
A resistive microwave load with ZL = 150 is connected to 50 coaxial line. SWR is
A.
more than 3
B.
less than 3
C.
equal to 3
D.
either (a) or (c)
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
47.
Which of the following devices uses a slow wave structure?
A.
Klystron two cavity amplifier
B.
Klystron multicavity amplifier
C.
Reflex klystron oscillator
D.
TWT
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
48.
In a turnstile antenna two-half wave resonant wire radiators are placed at 90 to each other in the
same plane and are excited
A.
in phase
B.
in phase opposition
C.
90 out of phase with each other
D.
45 out of phase with each other
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since the two wire radiators are at 90 to each other, they have to be excited 90 out of phase with
each other.
49.
A waveguide section in a microwave circuit acts as
A.
LP filter
B.
Bandpass filter
C.
HP filter
D.
Band stop filter
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
It allows high frequencies.
50.
In a klystron amplifier dc electron velocity is v0 and dc electron charge density is
current is
A.
0v0
B.
0/v0
C.
v0/0
D.
(v0/0)2
Answer: Option A
0 the dc beam
Explanation:
= coulomb |sec|m2 = current density.
1.
The directivity in a receiving antenna

1.
increases the intercept area in forward direction
2.
reduces the noise picked up from other sources
3.
provides a means of discriminating against undesired signals originating in directions other

than in which the desired transmitter lies.
Which of the above statements are correct?

A.
1 only
B.
1 and 2 only
C.
1, 2 and 3
D.
2 and 3 only
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
All the three are correct.
2.
Assertion (A): PIN diode can be used as attenuator and limiter.

Reason (R): PIN diode has a thin intrinsic layer.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A PIN diode has an intrinsic (i) layer between p and n layers. When reverse bias is applied depletion
layers are formed at p-i and i-n junctions.
The effective/width of depletion layer increases by the width of i layer. It can be used as a voltage
controlled attenuator.
At high frequencies the rectification effect ceases and impedance of diode is effectively that
of i layer.
This impedance varies with the applied bias. It is used in high frequency switching circuits, limiters,
modulators etc.
3.
The bunching action which occurs in multicavity klystron amplifier can be represented by Applegate
diagram
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
half cycle.
modulation.
4.
The cut off wavelength in circular waveguide
A.
guide diameter
B.
square of guide diameter
C.
cube of guide diameter
D.
square root of guide diameter
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Some applications require dual polarization capability. Circular waveguide has this capability.
In circular waveguide TE11 mode has the lowest cut off frequency and is the dominant mode.
5.
In Reflex Klystron oscillator the focussing electrode is at a high potential
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
resonator cavity.

6.
Consider the following statements

1.
Impedance of Gunn diode is about tens of ohms.
2.
Impedance of Impatt diode is a few ohms.
3.
Impedance of Impatt diode are of the same order.
4.
Impedance of Impatt diode is more than that of Gunn diode.
Which of the above statement are correct?

A.
all
B.
1 and 2 only
C.
1, 2 and 3
D.
1, 2 and 4
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A Gunn diode uses GaAs which has a negative differential mobility, i.e., a decrease in carrier velocity
with increase in electric field.
This effects is called transferred electron effect. The impedance of a Gunn diode is tens of ohms.
Applications of Gunn diode oscillator include continuous wave radar, pulsed radar and microwave
receivers.
It exhibits negative resistance and operates on the principle of avalanche breakdown. Impatt diode
circuits are classified as broadly tunable circuit, low Q circuit and high Q circuit.
Time diode.
The features of Impatt diode oscillator are : Frequency 1 to 300 GHz, Power output (0.5 W to 5 W
for single diode circuit and upto 40 W for combination of several diodes), efficiency about 20%.
7.
In high frequency circuits impedance matching can be done by

1.
open circuited stubs
2.
short circuited stubs
3.
transformer
Which of the above correct?

A.
1, 2 and 3
B.
1 and 2 only
C.
1 and 3 only
D.
2 and 3 only
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
All the three can be used for impedance matching in high frequency circuits.
8.
The directive gain of a transmitting antenna is proportional to
A.
its cross-sectional area
B.
square of cross-sectional area
C.
square root of cross-sectional area
D.
cube root of cross-sectional area
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
and is thus proportional to cross sectional area.

9.
In a loss line RL < Z0, then
A.
Reflection coefficient is zero
B.
Reflection coefficient is
C.
Reflection coefficient is negative
D.
Reflection coefficient is positive
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since RL < Z0,
v is negative.
10. Assertion (A): A backward wave oscillator can be used as a sweep generator.
Reason (R): The frequency of oscillation of a backward wave oscillator can be changed by varying
the voltage which controls the beam velocity.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

current.
It features are:
6.
Consider the following statements

1.
Impedance of Gunn diode is about tens of ohms.
2.
Impedance of Impatt diode is a few ohms.
3.
Impedance of Impatt diode are of the same order.
4.
Impedance of Impatt diode is more than that of Gunn diode.
Which of the above statement are correct?

A.
all
B.
1 and 2 only
C.
1, 2 and 3
D.
1, 2 and 4
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
receivers.
It exhibits negative resistance and operates on the principle of avalanche breakdown. Impatt diode
circuits are classified as broadly tunable circuit, low Q circuit and high Q circuit.
Time diode.
The features of Impatt diode oscillator are : Frequency 1 to 300 GHz, Power output (0.5 W to 5 W
for single diode circuit and upto 40 W for combination of several diodes), efficiency about 20%.
7.
In high frequency circuits impedance matching can be done by

1.
open circuited stubs
2.
short circuited stubs
3.
transformer
Which of the above correct?

A.
1, 2 and 3
B.
1 and 2 only
C.
1 and 3 only
D.
2 and 3 only
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
All the three can be used for impedance matching in high frequency circuits.
8.
The directive gain of a transmitting antenna is proportional to
A.
its cross-sectional area
B.
square of cross-sectional area
C.
square root of cross-sectional area
D.
cube root of cross-sectional area
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
and is thus proportional to cross sectional area.

9.
In a loss line RL < Z0, then
A.
Reflection coefficient is zero
B.
Reflection coefficient is
C.
Reflection coefficient is negative
D.
Reflection coefficient is positive
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since RL < Z0,
v is negative.
10. Assertion (A): A backward wave oscillator can be used as a sweep generator.
Reason (R): The frequency of oscillation of a backward wave oscillator can be changed by varying
the voltage which controls the beam velocity.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

current.
It features are:
11. If a line having Z0 = 300 0 W is open circuited at far end, VSWR is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
If line is o.c. |v| = 1 and VSWR
= .
12. If f is the frequency of electromagnetic wave, fc is cutoff frequency, then in a rectangular waveguide
A.
attenuation is low when f > fc
B.
attenuation is low when f < fc
C.
attenuation is high when f < fc
D.
either (b) or (c)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Wavelength should be less than cutoff wavelengths.
Therefore frequency should be higher than cutoff frequency for minimum attenuation.
13. Assertion (A): The condition of minimum distortion in a transmission line is L = RC/G.
Reason (R): Line loading means addition of inductance to satisfy the condition L = RC/G.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Oscillator circuits using vacuum tubes (triodes, pentodes) have the following limitations at very high
frequencies (microwave region).
The stray capacitances and inductances become important and affect the operation of the circuit.
At low frequencies the transit time between cathode and anode is a small fraction of period of
oscillation.
However, at microwave frequencies this transit time becomes comparable to time period of
oscillations.
14. A magnetron has a cylindrical cathode surrounded by an anode structure having cavities opening
into interaction space by means of slots
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
current.
It features are:
15. The correct sequence of parts in klystron amplifier are
A.
anode, catcher cavity, cathode, buncher cavity
B.
cathode, buncher cavity, catcher cavity, cavity
C.
anode, buncher cavity, catcher cavity, cathode
D.
cathode, catcher cavity, anode, buncher cavity
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Cathode is the first part and anode is the last.
16. A transmission line has Z0 = 300 and ZL = (300 - j300) ohm. The transmission coefficient is
A.
1.265 - 18.43
B.
1.01 - 10
C.
1.14 66.68
D.
1.09 66.68
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Transmission coefficient
= 1.265 - 18.43.
17. In a reflex klystron oscillator, repeller electrode is at
A.
low positive potential
B.
high positive potential
C.
negative potential
D.
zero potential
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
resonator cavity.
18. A quarter wave line short circuited at load end behaves as
A.
an inductance
B.
an inductance and capacitance in series
C.
a capacitance
D.
an inductance and capacitance in parallel
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
A quarter wave line short-circuited at far end behaves as a parallel tuned circuit.
19. A (75 - J50) ohm load is connected to a coaxial of Z0 = 75 ohm at 10 GHz. The best method of
matching is to connect
A.
an inductance at load
B.
a short circuited stub at load
C.
a short circuited stub at specific distance from load
D.
a capacitance at specific distance from load
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
A short-circuited stub is a suitable method of matching.
20. The width of a radio beam from a 1 m diameter parabolic antenna at 1 GHz is about
A.
100
B.
50
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Beam width between nulls of a parabolic antenna

Therefore 50 is the nearest value.
21. Which one of the following is transferred locking electron device C antenna?
A.
BARITT diode
B.
IMPATT diode
C.
Gunn diode
D.
Step recovery diode
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
receivers.
22. A magnetron requires an external magnetic field with flux lines parallel to axis of cathode
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
current.
It features are:
23. When a line short circuited at far end, the minimum voltage occurs at
A.
far end
B.
source end
C.
midway between source and far end
D.
none of the above
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
When a line is short-circuited at far end, the voltage at far end is zero.
24. In a TWT the axial component of electric field advances along the tube
A.
at a velocity that is almost equal to speed of light
B.
at a velocity that is a small fraction of speed of light
C.
at a velocity that is about 50% of speed of light
D.
at a velocity that may be even more than speed of light
Answer: Option B
Explanation:

25. If other parameter are constant, transmission loss at 5 GHz as compared to that at 0.5 GHz is
A.
20 dB more
B.
20 dB less
C.
700 dB more
D.
100 dB less
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
As frequency increases, transmission loss increases slightly.
26. For a circular wave guide
A.
cutoff frequency for TE10 and TE01 modes are same
B.
cutoff frequency for TE10 and TE01 modes are different
C.
cutoff frequency for TE10 mode = twice the cutoff frequency for TE20 mode
D.
cutoff frequency for TE10 mode = haf the cutoff frequency for TE20 mode
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
When a circular waveguide is rotated by 90, the configuration remain the same.
27. In the given figure the reflected voltage wave after first reflection is
A.
18 V
B.
-18 V
C.
30 V
D.
-30 V
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
.
28. Assertion (A): A half wavelength line can be used as a 1 : 1 transformer.

Reason (R): The input impedance of a half wavelength line is equal to load impedance.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since a half wavelength line has an input impedance equal to load impedance, the impedance
transformation ratio is 1:1.

29. The magnitudes of OC and SC input impedances of a transmission line an 100 and 25 . The
characteristic impedance is
A.
25
B.
50
C.
75
D.
100
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
30. A loss less line is terminated in a circular lines are E lines
A.
SWR = 0
B.
SWE = 0
C.
SWR is finite
D.
SWR =
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
= finite number and VSWR
= finite number.
31. Which of the following terminations makes the input impedance of a line equal to characteristic
impedance Z0?
A.
line open circuited at far end
B.
line terminated in Z0
C.
line short circuited at far end
D.
line terminated in inductance
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
If ZL is load impedance and Z0 is characteristic impedance.
Input impedance =
. If ZL = Z0 the input impedance = Z0.
32. In microwave system the function of mode filter is
A.
to suppress modes with lower cut off frequencies
B.
to suppress modes with higher cut off frequencies
C.
to change mode of wave transmission
D.
both (b) and (c)
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Mode filter suppress modes with lower cutoff frequencies.
33. For the strip line in the given figure the capacitance per unit length =
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
frads/unit length.
34. The total field developed by an antenna array at a distant point is
A.
phasor sum of fields produced by individual antennas of the array
B.
algebraic sum of fields produced by individual antennas of the array
C.
either (a) or (b) depending on type of array
D.
neither (a) nor (b)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since field is a phasor quantity we have to take phasor sum.
35. High speed logic circuits use
A.
pulses with very small width
B.
pulses with very large width
C.
pulses whose width is neither small nor large
D.
either (b) or (c)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
High speed means time period is small. Therefore pulses should also have small width
36. To couple a coaxial line to a parallel wire line it is best to use
A.
slotted line
B.
balun
C.
directional coupler
D.
/4 transformer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A balun gives 4 : 1 impedance transformation.
37. Assertion (A): A quarter wave transformer is used to match a resistive load to a transmission line.
Reason (R): A quarter wave transformer is a transmission line of quarter wave length.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A line of length
is called quarter wavelength line. Such a line is used for impedance matching.
If
A quarter wave line can match a source impedance Zin with load impedance ZL by selecting a proper
value of Z0 so as to satisfy equation.
Such a line is also called
transformer.
38. Assertion (A): Magnetron is generally used in n mode.

Reason (R): Frequency for
mode can be easily separated from adjacent modes.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
current.
It features are:

39. A balun should have
A.
low SWR at both ports
B.
high SWR at both ports
C.
high SWR at input port and low SWR at output port
D.
low SWR at input port and high SWR at output
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Turn ratio is so selected as to give low SWR at both ports.
40. Assertion (A): The velocity factor of a line is the ratio of wave velocity on the line to speed of light.
Reason (R): If the conductors of a line are immersed in a non magnetic insulating liquid, the wave
velocity increases.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
R is wrong because wave velocity decreases.
41. In mode filter of the given figure which of the following modes is unaffected
A.
TE01
B.
TE10
C.
TE11
D.
all TM
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
TE01 mode is unaffected because its horizontally oriented electric field is every where perpendicular
to the conducting strips.
42. The directive gain of a transmitting antenna is
A.
proportional to wavelength
B.
inversely proportional to wavelength
C.
proportional to square of wavelength
D.
inversely proportional to square of wavelength
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
43. A duplexer is used to
A.
couple two antennas to a transmitter
B.
isolate the antenna from the local oscillator
C.
prevent interference between two antennas connected to receiver
D.
use an antenna for reception or transmission without interference
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Same antenna is used for transmission and reception.
44. A branched duplexer requires
A.
TR tubes
B.
ATR tube
C.
both TR and ATR tube
D.
none of the above
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
A branched duplexer funds use in narrow bandwidth applications.
TR tube stands for transmit-receive tube and ATR tube stands for antitransmit receive tube.
Both these tubes are used in branched duplexer.
45. In a backward wave oscillator the wave
A.
travelling along the line winds itself back and forth
B.
progresses only in forward direction
C.
progresses only in backward direction
D.
either (a) or (c)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
current.
It features are:
46. A coaxial line has L = 500 nH/m and C = 50 pF/m. The characteristic impedance is
A.
500
B.
250
C.
100
D.
50
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
.
47. The main feature of a parametric amplifier is
A.
low noise
B.
very high gain
C.
broad bandwidth
D.
both (b) and (c)
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since reactance does not contribute thermal noise to the circuit, it is a low noise device.
48. Assertion (A): PIN diode is commonly used for microwave control.
Reason (R): A PIN diode uses heavily doped p and n materials.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
of i layer.
modulators etc.
49. In a vacuum tube, the transit time of electron between cathode and anode is important at
A.
low frequencies
B.
high frequencies
C.
both (a) and (b)
D.
frequencies which are neither very low nor very high
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
At high frequencies transit time is large as compared to the period of microwave signal.
50.
Assertion (A): A line of length
Reason (R): A line of length

circuit.
and short circuited at far end has an input impedance of infinity.
and short circuited at far end behaves as a parallel resonant
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A parallel tuned circuit has an infinite impedance if R is zero.
1.
A cavity resonator is
A.
a hollow metallic enclosure
B.
a hollow enclosure having magnetic material as its walls
C.
a hollow enclosure having dielectric material as its walls
D.
either (b) or (c)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Hollow metallic enclosures exhibit resonance behaviour when excited by electromagnetic field.
These enclosures are called cavity resonators.
2.
If antenna diameter is increased four times, the maximum range is increased by a factor of
A.
B.
C.
D.
0.2
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Range of radar is proportional to antenna diameter.
3.
Assertion (A): Gunn diode is a transferred electron device.

Reason (R): A Gunn oscillator uses the phenomenon of transferred electron effect.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
receivers.
4.
Atomic and molecular resonance is observed in many substances
A.
at microwave frequencies
B.
at low frequencies
C.
at frequencies used in AM broadcast
D.
at both (b) and (c)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Atomic and molecular distances are very small. Therefore resonance can occur only at microwave
frequencies.
5.
The component in the given figure is
A.
attenuator
B.
T type low pass filter
C.
T type high pass filter
D.
phase shifter
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Z01 provides series inductances and teflon filled low impedance line Z02 provides shunt capacitance.
6.
The semiconductor diode which can be used in switching circuit in microwave range is
A.
PIN diode
B.
Varactor diode
C.
Tunnel diode
D.
Gunn diode
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
of i layer.
modulators etc.
7.
In the given figure the reflected current wave after first reflection is
A.
0.18 A
B.
-0.18 A
C.
0.3 A
D.
-0.3 A
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
8.
A line has an attenuation of 0.054 Np/m. The attenuation in decibels is
A.
4.7 dB/m
B.
0.47 dB/m
C.
0.54 dB/m
D.
5.4 dB/m
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
0.054 x 8.68 = 0.47 dB/m.
9.
If a line is open circuited Zin = Z0 tanh (gl).
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The quantities required to be measured in microwave circuits are frequency, power and impedance.
Microwave frequency measurement is done by slotted line, resonant cavities and transfer oscillator.
Microwave power measurement uses bolometers and micromave power meters.
A self balancing bridge working on the principle of power substitution is commomly used.
Microwave impedance measurement is done by measurement of reflection coefficient and VSWR.
A slotted line and probe is a basic tool for these measurements.' Network analyser enables rapid
impedance measurement over a broad frequency range.
10. A reflex klystron oscillator uses
A.
one cavity resonator
B.
two cavity resonators
C.
three cavity resonators
D.
none of the above
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
resonator cavity.

11. A coaxial RF cable has a characteristic impedance of 50 and C equal to 40 pF/m. The
inductance is
A.
1 H/m
B.
10 H/m
C.
0.1 H/m
D.
0.01 H/m
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
.
12. In a microwave coaxial line, the maximum operating frequency is f max and breakdown strength
of dielectric is Ed' Then maximum power handling capacity is proportional to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Power handling capacity (voltage)2 and is inversely proportional to f2 max.
13. To couple a coaxial line to a parallel wire line it is best to use
A.
slotted line
B.
balun
C.
directional coupler
D.
/4 transformer
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A balun gives 4 : 1 impedance transformation.
14. In a multicavity klystron amplifier the signal to be amplified develops an ac voltage of signal
frequency across the gap in buncher cavity
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
This beam is transmitted through a glass tube. The input cavity where the beam enters the
glass tube is called buncher.

As electrons move ahead they see an accelerating field for half cycle and retarding field for the
other half cycle.
Therefore, some electrons are accelerated and some are retarded. This process is called
velocity modulation.
In a two cavity klystron only buncher and catcher cavity are used. In multi cavity klystron one
or more intermediate cavities are also used.
A multicavity klystron is used in UHF TV transmitters, Radar transmitter and satellite
communication.
15. If VSWR is infinite, the transmission line is terminated in
A.
short circuit
B.
complex impedance
C.
open circuit
D.
either (a) or (c)
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
and
or ZL = , i.e., line is o.c or s.c.
. Since VSWR = , |v| = 1. This can happen if ZL = 0
16. In a circular waveguide TE21 mode has lowest cutoff frequency
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
17. The number of TV channels which can be accommodated in a spectrum of 300 MHz is about
A.
B.
10
C.
50
D.
200
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
A TV channel has a bandwidth about 5 MHz. Hence 300 MHz spectrum can accommodate about 50
channels.
18. The noise figure of multicavity klystron amplifier is very low
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
half cycle.
modulation.
19. Assertion (A): The velocity of electromagnetic waves on overhead lines and coaxial cables is the
same.
Reason (R): Free space has an intrinsic impedance of 377 ohms.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Velocity of em waves on caoxial cables is less than that on overhead lines.
20. In the given figure the E and H lines in a coaxial cable
A.
The radial lines are E lines and circular lines are H lines
B.
Radial lines are H lines and circular lines are E lines
C.
The directions of E and H lines are wrong
D.
Radial lines may be E and H lines depending an direction of current
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
H lines are concentric circles around conductor and E lines are radial.
21. Roughly the time required for microwave cooking as compared to conventional cooking is
A.
about twice
B.
about half
C.
about 10 times
D.
about one-tenth
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Time required for microwave cooking is much less than the time required for conventional cooking.
22. If the minimum range of a radar is to be doubled, the peak power has to be increased by a factor of
A.
B.
C.
D.
16
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Range = (power)025.
23. Which mode has the lowest cut off frequency in circular wave guides?
A.
TE01
B.
TE11
C.
TE20
D.
TE21
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
24. Assertion (A): Klystron amplifiers use one or more intermediate cavities in addition to buncher and
catcher cavity.
Reason (R): When one or more intermediate cavities are used the bandwidth can be increased.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
half cycle.
modulation.
25. A wave Em cos (bx - t) is a backward wave.
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
It is a forward wave because as t increases, x increases.
26. A reflex klystron oscillator is a
A.
low power device
B.
high power device
C.
high efficiency device
D.
both (a) and (b)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
resonator cavity.
27. Consider the following applications

1.
TV tuning
2.
Active filter
3.
Microwave frequency multiplication
In which of above can a varactor diode be used?

A.
1 2 and 3
B.
l and 2 only
C.
1 and 3 only
D.
2 and 3 only
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Varactor diode is used in all the three applications.
28. Consider the following statements

1.
Dissipative attenuator has a fixed value of attenuation.
2.
Reflective attenuator has a fixed value of attenuation.
3.
Both dissipative and reflective attenuators are available only with fixed attenuation.
4.
Both dissipative and reflective attenuators are available with either fixed or variable
attenuation.
Which of the above are correct?

A.
1 only
B.
1 and 2
C.
1, 2 and 3
D.
4 only
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Both dissipative and reflective attenuators are available with either fixed or variable attenuation.
29. Impedance inversion may be obtained with
A.
a short circuited stub
B.
a quarter wave line
C.
an open circuited stub
D.
a half wave line
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Impedance inversion occurs when load impedance is not matched with characteristic impedance of
line.
30. Power gain of a multicavity klystron amplifier is
A.
more than 30 dB
B.
causes retardation of all electrons
C.
causes acceleration of some electrons and retardation of others
D.
none of the above
Answer: Option A
31. If a short line is terminated in characteristic impedance it behaves as an infinite line.
A.
True
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In a line terminated by Z0, there are no reflections.
B.
False
32. Ga As exhibits negative differential mobility
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
receivers.

1.
Bunching of electrons occurs in two cavity klystron amplifier.
2.
Bunching of electrons occurs in multi cavity klystron amplifier.
3.
Bunching of electrons occurs in reflex cavity klystron amplifier.

A.
1, 2, and only
B.
1, 2 and 3 only
C.
1 and 3 only
D.
2 and 3 only
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
half cycle.
modulation.
34. Assertion (A): For high frequency lines inductive reactance is very high as compared to ac
resistance.
Reason (R): Due to skin effect ac resistance of line is higher than dc resistance.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
XL = L. As frequency increases line resistance increases slightly but XL increases directly as per
frequency.
35. Consider the following applications
1.
Switch
2.
Attenuator
3.
Phase shifter
4.
Oscillator
In which of the above can a PIN diode be used?

A.
1 2 3 and 4
B.
1 2 and 3 only
C.
1 and 2 only
D.
2, 3 and 4 only
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
PIN diode is not used in oscillators.
36. Which one of the following is not a negative resistance device?
A.
Gunn diode
B.
Tunnel diode
C.
Impatt diode
D.
Varactor diode
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Gunn diode, Tunnel diode and Impatt diodes are negative resistance devices.
The limitation of solid state devices at high frequencies include those associated with transit time
and junction capacitances.
The devices used are : Transferred electron oscillators (Gunn diode), Avalanche diode oscillators
(Impatt diode, Trapatt diode, Masters, Lasers, Tunnel diode, Varactor etc).
37. Microwave links are typically 50 km apart
A.
because of atmospheric attenuation
B.
because of output tube power limitation
C.
because of earth's curvature
D.
to ensure that applied dc voltage is not excessive
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Earth's curvature limits the distance between microwave links.
38. For matching over a range of frequencies in a transmission line it is best to use
A.
a balun
B.
a broad band directional coupler
C.
double stub
D.
a single stub of adjustable position
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Double stub is useful for matching over a range of frequencies.
39. Assertion (A): In the interaction region of magnetron an electron is subjected to three forces: force
due to electric field, force due to magnetic field and centrifugal force.
Reason (R): The mechanism of generation of microwaves, in a magnetron, involves interaction of
electromagnetic fields with electrons moving in static electric and magnetic fields oriented at right
angles to each other.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
current.
It features are:
40. Which of the following is wrong for a magic used to tee?
A.
E and H arms are decoupled
B.
coplanar arms are coupled
C.
all ports are perfectly matched
D.
A signal into coplanar arm splits equally between E and H arms
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Coplanar arms are decoupled.
41. The expression HZ = C cos(Bx) cos(Ay)yz is for
A.
TE wave
B.
TM waves
C.
both TE and TM waves
D.
some TE and some TM waves
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In TM mode Hz = 0.
42. Assertion (A): Impedance matching can be done by using stubs.

Reason (R): A double stub is used for impedance matching when frequency of signal varies.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Hollow metallic enclosures exhibit resonance behaviour when excited by electromagnetic field.
These enclosures are called cavity resonators.
43. Read the following statements about TWT

1.
It uses thermionic emission.
2.
It uses an attenuater.
3.
It is inherently a resonant device.
4.
It has broad bandwidth.
Which of the above are correct?

A.
1, 2, 3 and 4
B.
1, 2 and 3
C.
1, 3 and 4
D.
1, 2 and 4
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
A TWT is a broadband device. Its main components are electron gun (to produce the electron
beam) and a structure supporting the slow electromagnetic wave.
Thus interaction occurs between beam and wave and the beam delivers energy to the RF
wave.
Therefore the signal gets strengthened and amplified output is delivered at the other end of
tube.
2. Power output - 5 mW at low frequencies(less than 20 GHz) 250 kW (continuous wave) at 3
GHz 10 MW (pulsed) at 3 GHz
TWT is used as RF amplifier in broadband microwave receivers, repeater amplifier in broad
band communication systems, communication satellites etc.
44. If a line having Z0 = 300 0 W is short circuited at far end, VSWR is
A.
B.
C.
D.
B.
False
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
If line is s.c |v| = 1 and VSWR = .
45. A klystron amplifier generally uses Pierce gun
A.
True
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The repeller electrode is at negative potential and sends the partially bunched electron beam
back to resonator cavity.
Its applications include radar receivers, local oscillator in microwave devices, oscillator for
microwave measurements in laboratories etc.
46. Assertion (A): PIN diode is used as a fast switch.

Reason (R): PIN diode has very high resistance when reverse biased and very low resistance when
forward biased.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
of i layer.
modulators etc.
47. A pulsed radar produces 1 sec pulses at a rate of 1000 per second. The duty cycle is
A.
0.001
B.
0.01
C.
0.1
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
1 x 10-6 x 1000 = 0.001.
48. Assertion (A): Impedance measurement at microwave frequencies is done by finding SWR.
Reason (R): SWR and reflection coefficient depend on the characteristic impedance and load
impedance.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
49. When a line is loaded the characteristic impedance is equal to
A.
(R + jL)(G + jC)
B.
C.
D.
LC
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
or
50. Which device has internal positive feedback?
A.
Two cavity klystron amplifier
B.
Multi-cavity klystron amplifier
C.
Reflex klystron amplifier
D.
All of the above
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
half cycle.
modulation.
1.
The domain mode in rectangular waveguide is
A.
TE01
B.
TE02
C.
TE10
D.
TM11
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
No answer description available for this question. Let us discuss.
2.
The reverse voltage applied to a varactor diode
A.
is less than avalanche breakdown voltage
B.
is more than avalanche breakdown voltage
C.
may be more or less than a avalanche breakdown voltage
D.
is very high as compared to avalanche breakdown voltage
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The action of varactor diode is due to the capacitance of depletion layer. The thickness of depletion
layer depends on the reverse bias which should not cause breakdown.
3.
To ensure that only dominant mode TE10 is allowed to propagate in an air filled rectangular
waveguide, the lower frequency limit and upper frequency limit are
A.
about 25% above fc for TE10 and 5% below fc for TE20 mode respectively
B.
C.
D.
none of the above
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
4.
The skin depth at 1000 MHz as compared to that at 500 MHz is
A.
B.
12
C.
0.707
D.
0.5
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
5.
The transit time (in cycles) for electrons in repeller space of reflex klystron oscillator for sustaining
oscillations is (n is any integer)
A.
2(n - 1)
B.
2n - 1
C.
D.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
6.
In a TWT the amplitude of resultant wave travelling down the helix remains constant
A.
True
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
B.
False
The signal gets strengthened.

7.
In the given figure forward current wave has a magnitude of
A.
0.45 A
B.
0.3 A
C.
0.2 A
D.
0.1 A
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
8.
In an infinite line the input impedance at every point is equal to characteristic impedance.
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
9.
Consider the following time parameters
1.
Domain growth time constant.
2.
Transit time.
3.
Dielectric relaxation time in positive mobility regime.
Which of the above are used in connection width transferred electron device?
A.
1, 2, and 3
B.
1 and 2 only
C.
1 and 3 only
D.
2 and 3 only
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
10. PIN diode has
A.
p+ and n layers separated by i layer
B.
p+ and n+ layers separated by i layer
C.
p- and n- layers separated by i layer
D.
none of the above
Answer: Option B
11. The two terms used to describe performance of a directional coupler are
A.
coupling and directivity
B.
gain and coupling
C.
gain and directivity
D.
gain and isolation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
12. The number of PM radio channels which can be accommodated in a spectrum of 300 MHz is about
A.
10
B.
100
C.
500
D.
1500
Answer: Option D
Explanation:

1.
Gunn diode can be used in combinational logic circuits.
2.
Gunn diode can be used in sequential logic circuits.
3.
Both Gunn diode and GaAs Mesfet can be used in logic circuits.

A.
1, 2, and 3
B.
1 and 2 only
C.
2 and 3 only
D.
1 and 3 only
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
14. In the given figure shows the equivalent circuit of a magic tee. If all ports are matched
A.
nE = nH = 2
B.
nE = nH = 0.707
C.
nE = 2, nH = 0.707
D.
nH = 0.707, nH = 2
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
15. Assertion (A): Microstrip is very commonly used in microwave integrated circuits.
Reason (R): Microstrip has an easy access to the top-surface so that active and passive discrete
components can be easily mounted.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A Microstrip line has a single dielectric substratc with ground plane on one side and a strip on the
other face.
Its special feature is easy access to top surface so that minor adjustments can be made after circuit
fabrication.
The high dielectric constant of the substrate reduces guide wavelength and circuit dimensions.
A microstrip line is the most commomly used transmission structure for microwave integrated
circuits.
16. A 75 ohm line is first short terminated and minima locations are noted. Then the short is replaced by
resistive load and minima location are again noted. If minima location are not altered and VSWR is
3, the value of resistive load is
A.
25
B.
50
C.
225
D.
250
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
and VSWR
17. The word 'LORAN' means
A.
long range navigation
B.
long range TV transmission
C.
long range cable transmission
D.
either (b) or (c)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
18. In the given figure forward voltage wave has a magnitude
A.
90 V
B.
60 V
C.
30 V
D.
10 V
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
19. The duty cycle of a radar transmitter is equal to
A.
(PRF) (pulse width)
B.
(PRF)/(pulse width)
C.
(pulse width)/(PRF)
D.
(pulse width) + (PRF)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
20. In a klystron amplifier the bunching effect
A.
converts velocity modulation into current modulation of beam
B.
converts current modulation into velocity modulation of beam
C.
both (c) and (b)
D.
neither (a) nor (b)
Answer: Option A
21. Out of modes TE20 and TE30 of propagation of electromagnetic engery
A.
both have the same cutoff frequency
B.
TE20 has lower cut off frequency as compared to TE 30
C.
TE30 has lower cutoff frequency as compared to TE 20
D.
either (a) or (c)
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
22. A TE10 rectangular waveguide is to be designed for operation over 25-35 GHz and the band centre is
1.5 times the cutoff frequency. The dimension of broadside is
A.
15 mm
B.
10 mm
C.
9 mm
D.
7.5 mm
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
23. In a klystron amplifier the force on all electrons
A.
causes acceleration of all electrons
B.
causes retardation of all electrons
C.
causes acceleration of some electrons and retardation of others
D.
none of the above
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
24. If load impedance ZL >> Z0, then
A.
Z0 = ZL (VSWR)
B.
ZL = Z0 (VSWR)
C.
ZL = Z0 (VSWR - 1)
D.
ZL = Z0 VSWR
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
If ZL >> Z0, |v|
and VSWR
. Therefore ZL = Z0(VSWR).
25. The inductance of a twin feeder used to connect antenna to TV receiver is about
A.
0.2 H/m
B.
0.6 H/m
C.
1.6 H/m
D.
10 H/m
Answer: Option C
26. When resonant cavities are coupled together the result is
A.
one resonant frequency
B.
n resonant frequencies
C.
D.
resonant frequencies
either (b) or (c)
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
27. For a rectangular waveguide having width a and height b, the cutoff wavelength for TM11mode is
equal to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
28. The path length between ports 1 and 2 for the two waves in a hybrid ring is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The quantities required to be measured in microwave circuits are frequency, power and impedance.
Microwave frequency measurement is done by slotted line, resonant cavities and transfer oscillator.
Microwave power measurement uses bolometers and microwave power meters.
A self balancing bridge working on the principle of power substitution is commonly used.
Microwave impedance measurement is done by measurement of reflection coefficient and VSWR.
A slotted line and probe is a basic tool for these measurements.' Network analyser enables rapid
impedance measurement over a broad frequency range.
29. The radiation resistance of a circular loop of one turn is 0.01 ohm. For 5 turn loop the radiation
resistance is
A.
0.002
B.
0.01
C.
0.05
D.
0.25
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
30. As wavelength decrease the size of high directivity antenna
A.
decreases
B.
increases
C.
is not affected
D.
either (b) or (c)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
31. Which of the following modes of transmission will not be supported by a rectangular waveguide?
A.
TE15
B.
TE12
C.
TM11
D.
TM10
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
32. In a circular waveguide with radius r, the dominant mode is
A.
TM01
B.
TE01
C.
TM11
D.
TE11
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
33. If 'a' is the width of rectangular wave guide and '' is the wave length, then
A.
B.
C.
D.
34. A parametric amplifier uses
A.
non linear resistance
B.
non linear reactance
C.
either (a) or (b)
D.
neither (a) nor (b)
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In a parametric amplifier the non-linear element is varactor diode or inductor.
35. Assertion (A): Impatt diode can be used in both amplifiers and oscillators.
Reason (R): Impatt diode has a low resistance.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:

Time diode.
36. Which one of the following can be used for amplification of microwave energy?
A.
TWT
B.
Magnetron
C.
Reflex klystron
D.
Gunn diode
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
37. If ZTE is wave impedance for TE waves, Ed is maximum dielectric strength of insulating
material, a and b are the width and height of a rectangular wave guide, the maximum power
handling capability Pmax for TE10 mode is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
38. At frequencies of 10 MHz and higher the impedance represented by ground is primarity
A.
resistive
B.
inductive
C.
capacitive
D.
partly resistive and partly capacitive
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
39. A disadvantage of microstrip line as the connections of compared to strip line is that former
A.
do not lend themselves to printed circuit
B.
are more likely to radiate
C.
are bulky
D.
are more expensive and complex
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
40. As frequency increases, the transmission efficiency
A.
decreases
B.
increases
C.
is not affected
D.
either (a) or (c)
Answer: Option B
41. A circular polarizer converts a linearly polarized wave into a circularly polarised wave.
A.
True
B.
False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
42. If D is diameter of circular waveguide the cutoff wave-length for TE 11 mode is equal to
A.
1.706 D
B.
2.11 D
C.
0.82 D
D.
0.41 D
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
43. The external magnetic field in a magnetron is such that lines are
A.
parallel to the axis of cathode
B.
perpendicular to the axis of cathode
C.
inclined to the axis of cathode
D.
either (b) or (c)
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The operation of magnetron is based on interaction of electromagnetic fields with electrons moving
in static electric and magnetic fields oriented at 90 with respect to each other.
In a magnetron three forces act on electron viz. force due to electric field (equal to - eE), force due
to magnetic field [equal to - e (v x B)] and centrifugal force (equal to mv2/r).
The path of the electron can be found by balancing these three forces. Magnetron can be of three
types i.e., negative resistance device, cyclotron frequency device and travelling wave or cavity
device.
In negative resistance magnetron use is made of the negative resistance between two anode
segments.
It has low efficiency and is used at frequencies less than 0.5 GHz.
In cyclotron magnetron a synchronism exists between ac component of electric field and periodic
oscillation of electrons in a direction parallel to the field.
It is used for frequencies higher than 100 MHz.
A cavity magnetron has a number of cylindrical cavities in the interaction region.
The cavity magnetron is the most common type of magnetron. Its features are :
1. Frequency range - 500 MHz to 10 GHz
2. Power output - 250 kW (pulses)
3. Efficiency - about 50%
It is used in radar systems, industrial heating systems and microwave ovens.
44. Varactor diodes use
A.
silicon
B.
GaAs
C.
either (a) or (b)
D.
neither (a) nor (b)
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
45. A circular waveguide carries TE11 mode whole radial electric field is given by
Er = E0j1(r) sin V/m
where r is radial distance in cm from the axis
The cut off wavelength is
A.
10 cm
B.
cm
C.
cm
D.
8 cm
Answer: Option A
46. Assertion (A): Impatt diode is an avalanche diode.

Reason (R): Avalanche breakdown phenomenon occurs when a p-n junction is reverse biased.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:

Time diode.
47. A radar has a maximum range of 120 km. The maximum allowable pulse repetition frequency for
unambiguous reception is
A.
1250
B.
330
C.
2500
D.
8330
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
48. In a line with finite attenuation
A.
power transmission is least efficient when there are no standing waves on the line
B.
power transmission is most efficient when there are no standing waves on line
C.
Load power depends on phase constant
D.
standing waves will always exist on the line
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
If standing waves are not there, whole of the power is absorbed by load.
49. In the given figure a short circuited transmission line resonator If n = 1, 2, 3...
A.
B.
C.
For series reasonance l = n and for parallel resonance
For series resonance
and for parallel resonance l = n
l = n for both series and parallel resonance
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
for both series and parallel resonance

50. The electric field in a TWT due to applied signal
A.
is directed along the helix axis
B.
is directed radially from helix axis
C.
is inclined to the helix axis by about 60
D.
is inclined to the helix axis by about 45
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
communication systems, communication satellites etc

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1.

The velocity factor of a transmission line depends on

View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum

Microwave resonators are used in

microwave narrow band amplifier

microwave frequency metres

all of the above

Answer & Explanation

Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

A is correct but R is wrong

A is wrong but R is correct

Answer & Explanation

Answer & Explanation

Answer & Explanation

structure and is used with reverse bias.

It exhibits negative resistance and operates on the principle of avalanche breakdown.

isolation (dB) equals coupling plus directivity

coupling (dB) equals isolation plus directivity

directivity (dB) equals isolation plus coupling

isolation (dB) equals (coupling) (directivity)

Answer & Explanation

Isolation equals coupling plus directivity.

remain the same

decreases or remains the scheme

Answer & Explanation

Answer & Explanation

both (a) and (b)

Answer & Explanation

In the given figure reflection coefficient at load is

Answer & Explanation

Open two wire

None of the above

Answer & Explanation

Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

A is correct but R is wrong

A is wrong but R is correct

Answer & Explanation

Answer & Explanation

Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

A is correct but R is wrong

A is wrong but R is correct

Answer & Explanation

Both (a) and (b)

Answer & Explanation

Answer & Explanation

Answer & Explanation

apple gate diagram

velocity modulation diagram

Answer & Explanation

Applegate diagram is distance time plot.

Answer & Explanation

structure and is used with reverse bias.

It exhibits negative resistance and operates on the principle of avalanche breakdown.

Answer & Explanation

Answer & Explanation

Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A

Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A

A is correct but R is wrong

A is wrong but R is correct

Answer & Explanation

2. Power output - 10 mV to 150 mW (continuous wave) 250kW (pulsed).