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Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
1 +, 1 +
01 ' 5
Jawaharlal Nehru
! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
! > 0 B
BharthariNtiatakam
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
EXTREME WEATHER CONCRETING
PART II RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR
COLD WEATHER CONCRETING
Copyright 1981
BUREAU
OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Gr 6
July 1981
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
EXTREME WEATHER CONCRETING
PART II RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR
COLD WEATHER CONCRETING
Da H. C.
IUpreu"Iir.,
Cement Research Institute of India, New Delbi
VJ8VB8VABAYA
M",.,."
ADDITIONAL DrBKeTO STANDARDS
( BitS)
( a a s ) ( AltlrnaU )
SURI K. P. RAMlIn"..
Larsen &. Toubro Ltd, Bombay
SHAI HARI.II N. MALANI (A1l6l1ate )
Sanl S. K. lSANEUJEB
National Test Houle, Calcutta
SHIll R. N. BA.NSA.L
Beas Designs Organization, Nangal Townlhip
SHRI T. C. CABO ( AlterMt, )
CHIE' F.NOINBBB ( DUJOJl8 )
C~Dtral Public Works Department, New Delhi
EXBOUTIVR EJfGI._.a
(DUION8) III ( ~1mt4t' )
CIIIICJ' ENOINDR ( P1tOJECT8 )
Irrigation Department, CoverDmcnt
Punjab,
All""""
:'JR R. K.
or
Challdiaarh
Central Water CommiuioD. New Delhi
II )
Indian Road Congress, New Delhi
EDlilleer-in-Chief'. Brancb, Army Headquarter.
Hyder:.bad Asbeatos
Hyderabad
Cement Product.
Ltd.
( C.1iawtI - #til- 2 )
@ Co"l'" 1981
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Tbil publicadoD .. protected uader che/"dia Co/l1ri,'" A" (XIV of 1957 ) and
reproductJoll ill whole or iD part by aay mean. except with writteD permiuion of tbe
publiab. Iball be d..mecl to be aD bafriDpmeDt of copyrilbt undee tbe said Act.
M-w,
I
Da R.. R.
HA'l'TJAJlOADI
SRBI P.
AGU8 ( Al,.",."
DB JQBAL ALI
SI S. R. KULJtAa.1
J J
SS.I S. K. LARA
S8RI B. T. UMWALLA
DB MOBAN RAI
DR S. S.
a.R81
~ be
Alt6rU")
Central Duildinl Rueareh Ialtitute (CSIR.).
Roorkee
(All"ul,)
SDal K. K. N...DIAB
SBBI H. S. P ASRJCBA
SHRI C. S. MI8HRA (
DB M. RAIIAIAH
Da N. S.
S,IBI
G.
BBAL (
."""11
Ii",
A'lOCi.ted Cement Companie. Ltd, Bombay
AI, " )
RAMDA8
New Delhi
D. A. V. R. RAO
SHRr J. 8 GUPTA
( ~lltr".',
R. V. CUALAPATHI
Slln. S.. Roy (
SUBI T. N. S. RA.0
SaBI
RAO
AI,,,,,.,,)
(I) (Allnu',)
Roads Wing (Ministry of ShippiDI and Transport).
New Delhi
SII81 R. L. KAPooa ( Allmltll, )
S I K. A. SUBBA.ANIAK
The India Cementl Ltd, Madr
Sllal P. S. RAIiAonANDRAN ( Al'"." )
S U ft I JI' T . I( DIN 0 ENOINEJl:I& Public Work. Dopartment, Covernment 01
( DUloKS )
Tamilnadu, Madra
Ex.ov'l'lv. .0111&.. ( 8M It R.
DEPUTY SaCnBTAIlY
Saal N.
SJVAGt7Bl1
AI,.." )
DI'9J810N) (
SRBI L. SWAROO.
SRRI A. V. RAMAX.A. ( ~1"'MI'
SBftl B. T. UNWALLA
SIIKI Y. K. MII:R'l'.A. (
SBRI G. RAMAH,
AI,."",. )
"""
SD.I".N.NaaLAKA.DD~.
(~-,.,.21)
Al\lENDI\1ENT N(). I
JUNt: 1991
'ro
IS 7861 ( Part 2) : 1981 C()U~: ()F IJRACl"ICE FOR
EXTREME WFA'"I'IIER CONCRETING
PART 2 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR COLD WEATHER
CONCRETING
(Pag, 11, clau .se '.1, last line) - Substitute the following for the existing
math
'S = ratio of the speciflc hpal of cement and aggregate to that of water. t
(Page 11, clause 6.3) - Substitute the fullowing for the existing clause:
6.3 In practice the ratio of the specific beat of cement and aggregate to tbat of
IS O.2181ld T.
T w,. ,
(CEO 2)
Punted .it Dee Kay Pnnters, New Deihl, India
IS
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
EXTREME WEATHER CONCRETING
PART II RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR
COLD WEATHER CONCRETING
o.
FOREWORD
I. SCOPB
1.1 This code deals with the procedure and precautions to be observed
while concreting in cold weather so as to minimize the detrimental effect.
or cold weather on concreting in general types of construction, such as
buildings, bridges, highways, pavements and other similar structures.
NOTB-Ali requirementl of IS : 456-1918t and IS: 1343.1980t in 10 far .1 they
apply shan be deemed to form part of thili code except where otherwise laid down
in thi. code.
2. TEI\MINOLOGY
.01
2.0
the purpose or this code, the following definitions shall apply in
addition to the definitions covered by IS: 4815-1968 and IS: 6461
( Parts I to XII )11.
2.1 Cold Weather CODcretlDI - Any operation of concreting done at
about 5C atmospheric temperature or below.
2.2 Prell.rel_Dg Period - The prescribed time for which the temperature of freshly placed concrete is required to be maintained above the
freezing point.
Rules Cor rounding off numerical value, ( 'crns,d ).
e or practice for plain and reinforced concrete (Ilai,d "viJioJl ).
Code of practice for preltreued concrete (first ,tv;si.,. )
Definition. aDd terminology relating to hydraulic cement,
IIGJollary of terms relating to cement concrete:
Part 1-1972 Concrete aggregates
Part 111972 Materi31a ( other than cement and .ssregate )
Part 1111972 Concrete reinforcc..ment
Part IV1972 Type. oreencrete
Part V1972 Formwork Cor concrete
Part Vr1972 Equipment, tools and plant
Part V!Il~S Mixin,. layiD" compaction, curing and other constructioD
a.pect.
Part VI (1-1973 Propertlea of concrete
Part JX1973 Structural ..peerl
Part X1973 Teltl and tatinl apparatUi
Part XI-197! Prellreueel concete
Part XII1973 Miscellaneous
15
EtI,,.,
PRECAtJTIONARY MBASUaa
( ClalU. 3.3 )
PRBCAUTIO.8 '1'0 TAItUf
eoMDI'I'IO
a) At low temperature
aad ai.bt
4.2.1 If the coarse aggregate i, dry and free of frost and ice lump',
adequate temperatures of freah concerte can be obtained by increaliDI the
temperature of only the ..nd, which will seldom have to be hi.ha' thaD
about 400, if mixin. water il at 600.
18 I 7111 ( P...e U ) I
eo
,~" to_--....--
til.., &0
Ii
r.
..
20 I - - -......~--t--.......- - . . . . . - - - .
I
i
10
20
II
tEMPERAtURE OF CONeRE'.,-C
.,
.O~--....---
~.u
I:
: .. 40 ...... --1---:: ..
~
III
.....
~
20 J - - - - - - I
CEMENT CONTENT. 375 kl/..-l
21
5
10
11
TEMPERATURE OF CONCRETE,C
80 . - - -.....- -......---.-~---....,..-.....,
I
i'
10
~.
1----1----I--~_+_~-.....,.~_,...
I P..
~
C'"
40 .....- -....- -
20 I----ot-.w~~.......- _ + _ - - _ + - - _ _ I
is
~-"'-.......-
...- + - -.......
I
10
11
20
tEMPERAtURE OF COMCR.'.,C
Temperature or cement
Flo. 1
So
WATER TO PaoDuoa
lUI
Accelerator
or
5.2.1 There are insufficient data OD the use of' calcium chloride with
PortiaDd alag cement or other blended cementa to justify any recommendadoDi concerning the use of chlorides with luch cements.
5.2.7 Calcium chloride, or other chemical. in the mix, if used in permiuible amount., will not lower the freezing point of concrete to any
lilDificant degree. The use of harmful materia" to protect the concrete
from freezing shall not be permitted.
5.3 AIr-Eatrabda. ABeat_- This type of admixture, in proper amounts,
increales the resistance of hardened concrete to freezing and thawing and
Dormally at the lame time improves the workability of freah concrete.
The compreuive strength of air-entrained concrete at 28 days shall Dot
be leu than 90 percent of a reference mix without air entrainment.
A IID&1J increase in shrinkage may occur.
5.3.1 For prestressed concrete, air-entraiDing agents Iball be permitted
only if they do not contain chloride
10
.1, 71 (Part D )- 1
placin~ should be estimated, but may be laken as 2C in tile absence of
any other information in this respect:
SeT. W a
:=I
_.
+ To
S(W.
Wo)
+ T. W. + Twa W
+W o) + W" + W. a
where
12
MINtMOIi AlB
THICKNRSS 0 ..
~-----------~-----------~
12 mm
25 mm
97 nlM
50 mill
mm
ISO
c,.,.,
300
450
600
900
1200
1500
C,,,,,,,,
150
-8-3
-8-9
lIS
1-7
9-4
5-6
-10
-21
-32
-19
-36
-M
-23
-29
-46
-31
-32
400 Ie,/m a
sao
450
600
900
6-7
0
- 6-1
-15
-26
-90
7-S
-12
-34
-38
-12
-400
- 11
1200
1500
8-9
-27
-46
-14
-41
-67
i,/.-
450
600
-16
-24
750
900
c.,.,
C.,,,., 100
200
300
450
600
750
900
5-6
300
MJ(J
1,/.'
-12
-31
8-3
- 6-.
-2$
-53
-12
-37
-75
-48
-3'
10
10
89
89
-21
-51
-40
-IS
-35
-68
S-y
- 2-8
-12
--184'
-22
-32
-42
-61
13
-IS
.1 I
_.
(Part II ) 1981
(Ct.""
I .. 8vLA'I'IJrO
8.2.1 )
MATERIALS
EQt7IVALmiT TUICK. . . .
mm
orfibroul type
25
20
15
8
06
Such tarpaulins shall be used so that hot air can be circulated freely
the Ilab. Layen of insulating materials placed directly on the conCl'ete are allo effective in protecting the concrete.
08
.1
14
AND
CoLUMN8
Day.
Da)".
Day.
Day.
Day.
If
If
28
31
14
16
Normal weather
air temperature
about 160
DBAM R.KOVAL
o.AL
SOJ'J'IT8 or Pao 01' PRO
( PROPS
LBJ'T
TO B&Ula
TO
UNDEB)
L1I:rT
SLADS
UlfDEB)
SLAB8
(PRU
Normal weather
air temperature
about 160
IS
,.,i.).
20
12
15
16
10
24
36
T ATUa.
M 20
M 25
MSO
M 40
0 .. eo.oaltT.
_A-_
1. HOUBa
150
ie-c
24-
32
22
20
17
30
46
42
27
23
38
33
71
65
59
50
APPENDIX A
( Clause 3.1 )
EFFECTS OF COLD WEATHER ON CONCRETE PROPDTIBI
Al. EFPECTS ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
A-I.I Concretes mixed, placed and cured at temperatures lower thaD the
Dormal develop strength at a slower rate. Effects of temperature of
concrete on the development of compressive strength during the firlt 28
dayl can be esprel.ed' &1 in Fig. 2 from which it can be leeD that the
Methods of aamplinl and analysil of concrete.
17
100
10
r-------...,.-----.. .---------
21C
1-------r--===:::::I:======_----=1'5C~
-+
10 t -
-+
70
.,.
WO
:I:
e-
..,o
Z
..
SO
en
......
......c
z
I'
'0
u.
30
UI
..
-=UI
20
10
,.
3
AGE. DAYS
Flo.2 BnaCT
01'
21
(LOG SCALE J
Low TSIiPBRATuas
ON CoIIPa&lSlV:&
STltBNOTH OF CONCItBTB
18
t....
or
Fir_ 3).
In order to safeguard against such damage by ~arly freezing, fresh
concrete i. required to be protected and itl temperature maintained above
freezing till Iuch time that it attains sufficient strength to withstand the
dilruptive force The length of such prehardening time is specified either
in term.
the period it attains certain compressive strength varying CrolD
2 to 7 N/mm1or in terms of days the actual period depending upoil the
cement content, water-cement ratio and the degree of saturation. The
minimum prehardening period. specified in Table 6 refer to the time
required for the concrete to attain a minimum compressive Itrength of
2 N/mml and i. longer, the lower the grade of concrete.
or
19
..
t-
0
2
100
10
.0
ta
7O
c.-
10
Zz
;1
.
.... 111
..,...... ,
o!
50
ORDI~ARY
.,=
U
U
PORTLAND CEMENT
~a
~O
20
10
0
0
12
15
1.
21
2'
20
I '.1
.0
10
V-NON-AIR ENTRAINED
CONCRETE
v-A1R ENTRAINED
CONCRETE
110
100
"
;~~.a
-"'t~:2
...
\...
-~
AIR ENTRAINED
CONCRETE
~~ NON-AIR .ENTRAINED
..,cn>= ~ 10
Q~
.,0-'
.-: S III 70
~,...---
CONCRETE
100
200
300
400
4 E....acTI
21
APPENDIX B
(Claus, 6.2. t )
SOLVED EXAMPLES OP CALCULATION OF TEMPERATtJU
OP CONCRETE AS PLACED, BY USING PORMULA
"1. Consider a concrete mix having the following ingredients (per m l
aDd the initial temperature shown against each:
Cement
Water
Aggregatel
300 kg at 5C
210 kg at 600
1 779 kg at 10
The total aggregate contains coarse and fine fraction. in the ratio
of2: 1_
Moisture content of the aggregate-damp ( 4 percent in fine, 1 percent in coane)
w.. - 35-58 kg
Twa _10
The temperature of fresh concrete as mixed with thele~ingredieDti
will be:
T_O-22 ( 1 779 X 1 + 300 X 5) + 210 X 60 + 35-58 X 1
0-22 ( 1 779
-lgeC
22
K. S.
SRINIYA8AK (
NAUDIAB
SHnl K. K.
AII"Ml,)
S. R. PINHEIRO
DR G. P. SHAH ( Alt.rUl, )
SUB!
SUBI
N. S.
RAMASWAMY
S 17 ., I
B. S.
Jf
GOPTA (
AI,.".,. )
Ali".,
-< D.IIO )
n.
23
Hdqu."",,,
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