Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
H. ALGABROUN
University of Tripoli
Facility of Engineering
Tripoli, Libya
hazgab@yahoo.com
Abstract:- Data communication is growing rapidly, to keep pace with the increasing demands being placed on mobile radio systems, an improved standard was created by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) referred
to as Long Term Evolution (LTE) that provides higher throughputs and lower latencies. LTE brings many technical
benefits to cellular networks and improves the spectral efficiency in 3G networks, allowing carriers to provide
more data and voice services over a given bandwidth. In this work, a detailed LTE radio network dimensioning
procedure including frequency, coverage and capacity analysis has been performed in order to prepare a radio
planning guideline considering possible network implementation in the city of Tripoli/Libya. At the end, the link
level of the LTE network is simulated for both scenarios Uplink and Downlink, to get a closer view to the impact of
the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) on Bit Error Rate (BER) and Block Error Rate (BLER).
Keywords: Long term Evolution, throughputs, latencies, coverage and capacity, SNR, Block Error Rate(BLER)
that LTE radio network planning work just like other
cellular technologies, initial stage planning is normally
guided by various industries and vendors at their own
discretion. They aren't likely to disclose their advancements and findings. That makes the job even more
challenging. Whenever new cellular technology is considered for mass deployment hundreds of its RF parameters go through tuning process with a view to find
out optimum value. But this phase is time consuming
and very costly. So, before commercial deployment if
extensive simulation can be run this tuning phase can
be facilitated in numerous ways. Cost can also be
greatly minimized. That is the benefit of running simulation before mass commercial deployment. In Libya,
LTE is expected to be commercially launched in Q2 of
2014. All these aim at proper radio network planning of
LTE. So, looking for optimizing the vital parameters in
the least possible time is a very challenging issue which
will obviously help network operators in a greater extent.
1. Introduction
LTE is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) which was introduced in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
Release 8. The main advantages with LTE are high
throughput, low latency, plug and play, FDD and TDD
in the same platform, an improved end-user experience
and a simple architecture resulting in low operating
costs. LTE downlink transmission scheme is based on
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
(OFDMA) which converts the wide-band frequency
selective channel into a set of many at fading subchannels. The LTE specification provides downlink
peak rates of at least 100 Mbps, an uplink of at least 50
Mbps and RAN round-trip times of less than 10ms.
LTE supports scalable carrier bandwidths, from 1.4
MHz to 20 MHz and supports both frequency division
duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD).
LTE will also support seamless passing to cell towers
with older network technology such as GSM,
CDMAOne, W-CDMA (UMTS), and CDMA2000. The
next step for LTE evolution is LTE Advanced and is
currently being standardized in 3GPP Release 10
[1][2][3].
ISBN: 978-960-474-350-6
171
Prior to that, a brief description of radio network planning methodology has been given.
2. Radio Network Planning Process
Radio Network Planning contains number of phases: 1)
Site survey-which includes collection of pre-planning
information that will be used in the Link Budget preparation and Coverage and Capacity planning calculations. 2) Frequency and spectrum planning- in this
phase a variety of parameters' values will be chosen,
and according to these parameters the rest of the calculation is processed. 3) Link Budget and Coverage planning, and 4) Capacity planning- these two steps involve
propagation model tuning, defining thresholds from
Link budget, creating detailed radio plan based on the
thresholds, checking network capacity against more
detailed traffic estimates, and configuration planning.
ISBN: 978-960-474-350-6
172
Being able to estimate the cell throughput corresponding to the settings used to derive the cell radius.
Analyzing the traffic inputs provided by the operator to derive the traffic demands, which includes
the number of subscribers, the traffic mix and data
about the geographical spread of subscribers in the
deployment area.
2.4.1
Procedure
Cell Edge
Rate
(kbps)
MCS
Urban
Suburban
UL
DL
ETU 3
UL
DL
ETU 60
UL
DL
ETU 120
1
2
256
2
2
1024
1
2
256
2
2
1024
1
2
256
2
2
1024
QPS
K
3/4
QPS
K
1/2
QPS
K
3/4
QPS
K
1/2
QPS
K
3/4
QPS
K
1/2
Extra Gain
(dB)
Extra
Margin &
Loss (dB)
ISBN: 978-960-474-350-6
Dense urban
Dense urban
Urban
Suburban
UL
DL
UL
DL
UL
DL
6.19
6.19
141.
2
12
28.6
8
121.
3
9
6.19
145.1
8
12
29.1
8
123.
3
9
140.
9
12
28.6
8
122.
1
9
28.43
38.2
23.0
32.8
13.8
23.5
173
Dense urban
UL
DL
122.9 124.0
Urban
UL
DL
124.4 127.0
Suburban
UL
DL
133.3 137.0
For Urban
Data
card
package
Type
Gold
Sliver
Bronze
For
Cell Radius
(Km)
Dense
urban
0.33
Urban Suburban
0.46
DL
peak
rate
kb/s
2048
2048
1024
UL
peak
rate
kb/s
1024
512
256
Package
percentage
10%
50%
40%
Month
service
package
(GB)
20
15
10
1.49
age
ISBN: 978-960-474-350-6
Data card
package Type
Gold
Sliver
Bronze
Total
174
Average throughput
/user in BH
(Kbps)(DL+UL)
88.89
66.67
44.44
60
Total avg.
throughput per
sub (UL +DL)
(Kbps)
Traffic
ratio
UL
DL
62.91
62.91
20%
80%
Dense Urban:
Total sites number = 215 site
Urban:
Total sites number = 129 site
Sub Urban:
Total sites number = 86 site
Avg.
throughput
per subscriber
(Kbps)
12
48
Then the peak and average throughputs per site for both
UL and DL must be calculated.
Scenario
Dense
urban
Urban
Suburban
Required Sites
Number
215
283
86
11
2
U
L
40
Now, the maximum subscribers number per site is calculated for UL and DL and the lowest is chosen.
Max Sub No. per site =
ISBN: 978-960-474-350-6
175
Reference
5. Conclusions
A solution to improve the current communication system in Tripoli city is introduced by designing an LTE
ISBN: 978-960-474-350-6
176
ISBN: 978-960-474-350-6
177