.Polarized Circular Ports Fiber

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.
Polarized Circular Ports

Introduction
This model is a demonstration of how to use numeric ports with a numerical solution
of the port modes. It also illustrates a method to align the polarization of degenerate
port modes and in particular how to model and excite circular waveguides in 3D.
Model Definition
A straight piece of circular waveguide with perfect metallic walls is excited by a TE11
mode at one end and ideally terminated at the other end. This is obtained by using two
ports at each end which are tuned to mutually orthogonal polarizations of the TE11
mode. The electric field of the two TE11 modes differs by 90 degrees but due to
circular symmetry, there is no a priori determined reference direction for the modes.
However, when applying the finite element method, the mesh and shape functions will
introduce some small numerical anisotropy that will determine the reference direction,
that is the absolute polarization of the modes. In this model, the circular ports are
geometrically segmented into equal halves and a mesh that is symmetric across the
diameter is created. The result is that the eigenmode solver will find two TE11 modes
with their electric fields respectively aligned or perpendicular to the introduced
symmetry line.
The boundary mode analysis study for electromagnetic waves solves the eigenvalue
problem for the boundary electric field:
(
E ) E = 0
where
2
j
= k 0 r -----
is the eigenvalue. For time-harmonic problems, the electric field for out-of-plane
propagation can be written as
jt z
E ( r, t ) = Re ( E ( r )e
)
where z is the known out-of-plane direction.
1 |
POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS
Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4
The spatial parameter, = z + j = , can have a real part and an imaginary part. The
propagation constant is equal to the imaginary part, and the real part, z, represents
the damping along the propagation direction.
With the stipulated excitation using the numerically established mode shapes as
boundary conditions, the following equation is solved for the electric field vector E
inside the waveguide:
j
1
2
( r E ) k 0 r --------- E = 0
Results and Discussion

The first TE11 mode of the inport is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: The first TE11 mode of the inport found by the eigenmode solver.
Note: Depending on the details of the mesh, which in turn may depend on the origin
of the CAD geometry, a mode that is rotated 90 degrees may be found.
2 |
The first TE11 mode of the outport is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: The first TE11 mode of the outport found by the eigenmode solver.
Note: Depending on the details of the mesh, which in turn may depend on the origin
of the CAD geometry, a mode that is rotated 90 degrees may be found.
3 |
The transmission coefficients between the inport and outport modes are shown
inFigure 3.
Figure 3: The transmission coefficients between inport modes and outport modes are
plotted as a function of frequency. As the port modes are misaligned by 45 degrees the
transmission coefficients approach the -3dB level above cut-off.
Model Library path: RF_Module/Tutorial_Models/

polarized_circular_ports
Modeling Instructions
From the File menu, choose New.
NEW
1 In the New window, click the Model Wizard button.

MODEL WIZARD
1 In the Model Wizard window, click the 3D button.
4 |
2 In the Select physics tree, select Radio Frequency>Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency

Domain (emw).
3 Click the Add button.
4 Click the Study button.
5 In the tree, select Custom Studies>Empty Study.
6 Click the Done button.
GLOBAL DEFINITIONS
Add a parameter for the operating frequency.
Parameters
1 On the Home toolbar, click Parameters.
2 In the Parameters settings window, locate the Parameters section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
Name
Expression
Value
Description
frq
c_const/0.03[m]
9.993E9 1/s
Operating frequency
GEOMETRY 1
The geometry is essentially a cylinder.
Cylinder 1
1 On the Geometry toolbar, click Cylinder.
2 In the Cylinder settings window, locate the Size and Shape section.
3 In the Radius edit field, type 0.01.
4 In the Height edit field, type 0.1.
5 |
5 Click the Build All Objects button.
6 Click the Wireframe Rendering button on the Graphics toolbar.
You need to add a reference direction for the port polarization by adding an extra
line on the cylinder end. This is done in a work plane.
7 On the Geometry toolbar, click Work Plane.
Bzier Polygon 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1>Geometry 1>Work Plane 1
right-click Plane Geometry and choose Bzier Polygon.

2 In the Bzier Polygon settings window, locate the Polygon Segments section.
3 Find the Added segments subsection. Click the Add Linear button.
4 Find the Control points subsection. In row 1, set yw to 0.01.
5 In row 2, set yw to -0.01.
6 Click the Build Selected button.
6 |
7 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Work Plane 2
1 On the Geometry toolbar, click Work Plane.
2 In the Work Plane settings window, locate the Plane Definition section.
3 In the z-coordinate edit field, type 0.1.
Bzier Polygon 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1>Geometry 1>Work Plane 2
right-click Plane Geometry and choose Bzier Polygon.

2 In the Bzier Polygon settings window, locate the Polygon Segments section.
3 Find the Added segments subsection. Click the Add Linear button.
4 Find the Control points subsection. In row 1, set yw to 0.01.
5 In row 2, set yw to -0.01.
7 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Plane Geometry
Rotate the reference direction for the second port 45 degrees.
Rotate 1
1 On the Work plane toolbar, click Rotate.
7 |
2 Select the object b1 only.

3 In the Rotate settings window, locate the Rotation Angle section.
4 In the Rotation edit field, type 45.
6 On the Home toolbar, click Build All.
8 |
MATERIALS
Next, add a material for the interior (air) of the waveguide.
Material 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 right-click Materials and choose
New Material.
2 In the Material settings window, locate the Material Contents section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
Property
Name
Value
Unit
Property group
Relative permittivity
epsilonr
Basic
Relative permeability
mur
Basic
Electrical conductivity
sigma
S/m
Basic
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, FREQUENCY DOMAIN
Set up one inport and three outports.
Port 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Boundaries and choose Port.
2 Select Boundaries 3 and 7 only.
3 In the Port settings window, locate the Port Properties section.
9 |
4 From the Type of port list, choose Numeric. The Numeric option means that the port
mode will be computed in a separate study step.

5 From the Wave excitation at this port list, choose On.
Port 2
4 From the Type of port list, choose Numeric.
Port 3

Port 4
10 |
MESH 1
Meshing requires some special care in order to get port meshes that are symmetric with
respect to the reference direction for the polarization. Without that extra care, the
eigenmode solver will not find the desired mode.
Free Triangular 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 right-click Mesh 1 and choose More
Operations>Free Triangular.
2 Select Boundary 3 only.
Size 1
1 Right-click Component 1>Mesh 1>Free Triangular 1 and choose Size.
2 In the Size settings window, locate the Element Size section.
3 From the Predefined list, choose Finer.
Copy Face 1
1 In the Model Builder window, right-click Mesh 1 and choose More Operations>Copy
Face.
3 In the Copy Face settings window, locate the Destination Boundaries section.
4 Click the Active button next to the Destination Group Focus selection list.
11 |
Free Triangular 2
1 Right-click Mesh 1 and choose More Operations>Free Triangular.
Size 1
1 Right-click Component 1>Mesh 1>Free Triangular 2 and choose Size.
3 From the Predefined list, choose Finer.
Copy Face 2
1 In the Model Builder window, right-click Mesh 1 and choose More Operations>Copy
Face.
3 In the Copy Face settings window, locate the Destination Boundaries section.
4 Click the Active button next to the Destination Group Focus selection list.
Finish the mesh by adding a volumetric mesh.
Size
1 Right-click Mesh 1 and choose Free Tetrahedral.
12 |
3 From the Predefined list, choose Fine.

4 Click the Build All button.
STUDY 1
Set up the custom study to perform boundary mode analysis for each port.
Step 1: Boundary Mode Analysis

1 On the Study toolbar, click Study Steps and choose Other>Boundary Mode Analysis.
2 In the Boundary Mode Analysis settings window, locate the Study Settings section.
3 In the Search for modes around edit field, type 0.4. The shift controls which mode
is found. Finding the desired mode normally requires some trial and error.
4 In the Mode analysis frequency edit field, type frq.
Step 2: Boundary Mode Analysis 2

3 In the Search for modes around edit field, type 0.5. Use a larger shift to find the
second TE11 mode and change to the second port.

4 In the Port name edit field, type 2.
13 |
Repeat the procedure for the remaining ports.

3 In the Search for modes around edit field, type 0.4.

3 In the Search for modes around edit field, type 0.5.
Finish the study by adding a frequency sweep.
Step 5: Frequency Domain

1 On the Study toolbar, click Study Steps and choose Frequency Domain>Frequency
Domain.
2 In the Frequency Domain settings window, locate the Study Settings section.
3 Click the Range button.
4 Go to the Range dialog box.
5 From the Entry method list, choose Number of values.
6 In the Start edit field, type 0.5*frq.
7 In the Stop edit field, type 1.5*frq.
8 In the Number of values edit field, type 11.
9 Click the Add button.
Solve first for only the boundary modes and inspect the solution to make sure the
desired modes have been found. In order to do that, the solver sequence needs to be
displayed.
14 |
Solver 1
1 On the Study toolbar, click Show Default Solver.
Compute the first boundary mode field, that is, for port 1.
2 In the Model Builder window, expand the Solver 1 node.
3 Right-click Store Solution 2 and choose Compute to Selected.
RESULTS
Electric Field (emw)

The default plot group shows the 3D fields which so far are zero. Add a plot group
and display the boundary mode fields.
3D Plot Group 2
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 3D Plot Group.
2 In the Model Builder window, under Results right-click 3D Plot Group 2 and choose
Surface.
3 In the Surface settings window, click Replace Expression in the upper-right corner of
the Expression section. From the menu, choose Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency
Domain>Boundary mode analysis>Tangential boundary mode electric field norm
(emw.normEbm_1).
4 In the Model Builder window, right-click 3D Plot Group 2 and choose Arrow Surface.
5 In the Arrow Surface settings window, click Replace Expression in the upper-right
corner of the Expression section. From the menu, choose Electromagnetic Waves,
Frequency Domain>Boundary mode analysis>Tangential boundary mode electric field
(emw.tEbm1x,...,emw.tEbm1z).
6 Locate the Coloring and Style section. In the Number of arrows edit field, type 1000.
7 From the Color list, choose Black.
15 |
8 On the 3D Plot Group 2 toolbar, click Plot.
9 Right-click 3D Plot Group 2 and choose Rename.

10 Go to the Rename 3D Plot Group dialog box and type Electric field BMA 1 in
the New name edit field.

11 Click OK.
STUDY 1
Solver 1
Compute the remaining port modes.
1 In the Model Builder window, under Study 1>Solver Configurations>Solver 1
right-click Store Solution 5 and choose Compute to Selected.

RESULTS
Electric field BMA 1

Display the remaining port modes. Save some effort by duplicating previous plots.
In the Model Builder window, under Results right-click Electric field BMA 1 and choose
Duplicate.
16 |
Electric field BMA 1.2

In the Model Builder window, under Results right-click Electric field BMA 1.2 and choose
Duplicate.
Electric field BMA 1.2.2

In the Model Builder window, under Results right-click Electric field BMA 1.2.2 and
choose Duplicate.
Electric field BMA 1.2

The stored port modes will reside in different data sets so update this.
1 In the Electric field BMA 1.2 plot group, in the 3D Plot Group settings window, locate
the Data section.

2 From the Data set list, choose Solution 3.
3 In the Model Builder window, expand the Electric field BMA 1.2 node, then click
Surface 1.
(emw.normEbm_2).
5 In the Model Builder window, under Results>Electric field BMA 1.2 click Arrow Surface
1.
17 |
7 On the Electric field BMA 1.2 toolbar, click Plot.
8 In the Model Builder window, right-click Electric field BMA 1.2 and choose Rename.

10 Click OK.
Electric field BMA 1.2.2

1 In the Electric field BMA 1.2.2 plot group, in the 3D Plot Group settings window,
locate the Data section.

3 In the Model Builder window, under Results>Electric field BMA 1.2.2 click Surface 1.
(emw.normEbm_3).
5 In the Model Builder window, under Results>Electric field BMA 1.2.2 click Arrow
Surface 1.
18 |

7 On the Electric field BMA 1.2.2 toolbar, click Plot.
8 In the Model Builder window, right-click Electric field BMA 1.2.2 and choose Rename.

10 Click OK.
Electric field BMA 1.2.2.2

1 In the Electric field BMA 1.2.2.2 plot group, in the 3D Plot Group settings window,
locate the Data section.

3 In the Model Builder window, under Results>Electric field BMA 1.2.2.2 click Surface 1.
(emw.normEbm_4).
5 In the Model Builder window, under Results>Electric field BMA 1.2.2.2 click Arrow
Surface 1.
19 |
7 On the Electric field BMA 1.2.2.2 toolbar, click Plot.
8 In the Model Builder window, right-click Electric field BMA 1.2.2.2 and choose Rename.

10 Click OK.
STUDY 1
After inspecting and verifying the port modes, proceed to solve the entire study.
1 On the Home toolbar, click Compute.
RESULTS
Electric Field (emw)

Inspect the electric field norm and rename the plot group.
20 |
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results right-click Electric Field (emw) and
choose Rename.
2 Go to the Rename 3D Plot Group dialog box and type Electric field FD in the
New name edit field.
3 Click OK.
Next, inspect the S-parameters representing transmission.
1D Plot Group 6
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
2 In the 1D Plot Group settings window, click to expand the Legend section.
3 From the Position list, choose Lower right.
4 On the 1D Plot Group 6 toolbar, click Global.
5 In the Global settings window, click Replace Expression in the upper-right corner of
the y-axis data section. From the menu, choose Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency
Domain>Ports>S-parameter, dB>S-parameter, dB, 31 component (emw.S31dB).
6 Click Add Expression in the upper-right corner of the y-axis data section. From the
menu, choose Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain>Ports>S-parameter,

dB>S-parameter, dB, 41 component (emw.S41dB).
21 |
7 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section.
Find the Line markers subsection. From the Marker list, choose Cycle.
As expected, the transmitted energy is evenly divided between the outport modes.
Derived Values
Next, display numerical values for the transmission at the highest frequency.
1 On the Results toolbar, click Global Evaluation.
2 In the Global Evaluation settings window, locate the Data section.
3 From the Parameter selection (freq) list, choose Last.
4 Click Replace Expression in the upper-right corner of the Expression section. From
the menu, choose Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain>Ports>S-parameter,

5 Click the Evaluate button.
6 On the Results toolbar, click Global Evaluation.
7 In the Global Evaluation settings window, locate the Data section.
8 From the Parameter selection (freq) list, choose Last.
22 |
9 Click Replace Expression in the upper-right corner of the Expression section. From
the menu, choose Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain>Ports>S-parameter,

10 Click the Evaluate button.
As expected, the result is about -3 dB for both modes.
23 |
24 |

.Polarized Circular Ports Fiber

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

.Polarized Circular Ports Fiber

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.

Polarized Circular Ports

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

Results and Discussion

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

The first TE11 mode of the outport is shown in Figure 2.

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

Model Library path: RF_Module/Tutorial_Models/

1 In the New window, click the Model Wizard button.

1 In the Model Wizard window, click the 3D button.

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

2 In the Select physics tree, select Radio Frequency>Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency

Add a parameter for the operating frequency.

The geometry is essentially a cylinder.

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

5 Click the Build All Objects button.

6 Click the Wireframe Rendering button on the Graphics toolbar.

right-click Plane Geometry and choose Bzier Polygon.

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

7 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.

right-click Plane Geometry and choose Bzier Polygon.

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

2 Select the object b1 only.

6 On the Home toolbar, click Build All.

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

Next, add a material for the interior (air) of the waveguide.

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, FREQUENCY DOMAIN

Set up one inport and three outports.

3 In the Port settings window, locate the Port Properties section.

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

mode will be computed in a separate study step.

3 In the Port settings window, locate the Port Properties section.

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

Finish the mesh by adding a volumetric mesh.

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

3 From the Predefined list, choose Fine.

Step 1: Boundary Mode Analysis

Step 2: Boundary Mode Analysis 2

second TE11 mode and change to the second port.

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

5 In the Mode analysis frequency edit field, type frq.

Repeat the procedure for the remaining ports.

Step 3: Boundary Mode Analysis 3

Step 4: Boundary Mode Analysis 4

Finish the study by adding a frequency sweep.

Step 5: Frequency Domain

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS

Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4

Electric Field (emw)

POLARIZED CIRCULAR PORTS