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College of Science
Department of Chemistry
NAME: __________________________________________________
Section: __________________
Group: ________
SCORE
SCORE
test tube
Florence Flask
crucible and cover
mortar and pestle
funnel
clay triangle
petri dish
condenser
glass tubing
stirring rod
iron ring
iron clamp
wire gauze
cork borer
test tube brush
iron stand
medicine dropper
test tube holder
wing top
platform balance
III. Procedures
1. From the instrumentation room request the common laboratory
apparatus and materials.
2. Identify all the apparatus and equipment given to your group.
3. Draw them in the boxes provided and give the function/uses of each.
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Drawing
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Use
Drawing
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Drawing
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Suspend fine clean sand in 20 ml of water in a test tube. Allow the sand to
settle at the bottom of the test tube and carefully pour off the clear
supernatant liquid.
2.
3.
Filter the mixture by pouring it slowly into the filter paper supported by a
funnel. Place a clean flask below the funnel. Care must be taken care to prevent
the liquid from running down the side of the beaker. This is done by allowing
the mixture to flow through the stirring rod the end of which is pointing
towards the center of the filter. Do not fill the filter completely to the top.
Reserve the clear liquid in the flask for the next procedure. Examine the residue
on the filter.
4.
Transfer the liquid into the evaporating dish. Support the dish on the tripod
with a wire gauze and heat gently. Withdraw the flame as soon as most of the
water has been driven off. Examine the residue left and take a crystal of it.
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Define decantation.
2.
3.
4.
Define filtration.
5.
What is the clear liquid that passes through the filter paper?
6.
7.
8.
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9.
Define evaporation.
12. What may happen if heat is applied steadily at the bottom of a test tube
containing a liquid?
13. Describe how a piece of filter paper can be folded properly for filtration?
14. What is the difference between decantation and filtration? Which of these two
methods of separation is more effective?
V. Generalization
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You will then set the paper in the funnel using your wash bottle. To do this simply
place the paper into the funnel and add a small amount of water to the bottom of
the filter. Slowly add water to the sides with a circular motion to avoid air bubbles
between the paper and the funnel. Once the paper has set, transfer the solution to
be filtered. If the solid has settled, decant the liquid through the filter first in order
to save time. Never overwhelm the filter; don't add the solution too quickly and
never come to within one centimeter of the top of the paper. Transfer the solid
using a wash bottle and rubber policeman (hand-held flexible natural-rubber
scraper attached to a glass rod), and then wash the solid as directed by the
experimental procedure.
Heating
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You will use both a hot plate and a Bunsen burner to heat solids and solutions.
Always be careful to avoid burns and never heat a material too quickly or explosive
"bumping" can occur. When using a hot plate always begin at the setting indicated
in the manual. However, this setting may vary depending on the hot plate so you
will have to experiment. In using a Bunsen burner, always use a tight blue flame as
shown in the figure. Control the heat transfer by adjusting the distance from the
burner to the object. Note that the distances suggested in the manual are
measured from the hottest part of the flame to the object.
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