NCJ Apr 2011

Volume 18 Issue 7 April 2011
and
Global Development Efforts For
Biomass Based Fuel
Chlorinated Polyethylene Product Profile77
Dedicated to the cause of chemical industries
NEED TO PROMOTE RESEARCH CENTRIC UNIVERSITIES IN A BIG WAY
BIO SUCCINIC ACID INDUSTRY STATUS
VITAMIN C INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY
**
2-ETHYL HEXANOL
(OCTANOL) CHEMICAL
INVESTMENT-OPPORTUNITY
SPOTLIGHT
ON SPECIALITY
ALPHA METHYL
NEOPENTYL GLYCOL - PRODUCT PROFILE
Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010
VOLUME XVIII
APRIL
2011
ISSUE 7
CONTENTS
Publisher:
Nandini Institute of Chemical Industries
03
Talk Of The Month

Need To Promote Research Centric Universities In A Big Way
Editor - Publisher
N.S.Venkataraman
05
Nuclear Concerns - Indias Need For Caution
11
India Unprepared To Deal With Nuclear Disasters

Says Expert
Major Nuclear Power Plant Accidents In The World
Editorial & Administrative Office:

M 60/1, IV Cross Street,
Besant Nagar, Chennai-600 090
India
12
15
Nuclear Power Corporation

To Review Back-Up Systems At Facilities
Phone:24461346/24916037
Fax: (91-44) 24916037
16
Massive Uranium Deposits Found In Andhra Pradesh
E-mail Address:
19
Chemical Industries In China

Have To Fine Tune Export Strategy
21
22
24
25
25
28
30
32
33
39
45
51
59
60
62
63
65
69
71
73
75
76
77
80
80
Drop In Gas Production In KG Basin Fields

CBM Gas From Raniganj - Status Report
Anti Dumping Page
Safety And Accident Page
Blast In Bayers WV Plant In 2008 - Why & How?
Plant Closures
Seaweed Fertilizer - A New Type Of Organic Fertiliser
Bio Succinic Acid Industry Status
Vitamin C Investment Opportunity
2-Ethyl Hexanol (Octanol) - Investment Opportunity
Neopentyl Glycol - Product Profile
News Round Up International
Cracker Project Plans In Qatar
News Round Up India
China News
Investment Of Multi National Companies In R&D In China
Technology Development
R&D Efforts Of BASF
Agro Chemical Page
Herbicide-Tolerant GM Crop
Banned Pesticides Being Used In India
Technology To Grow Seed Potatoes Without Soil
Pharma Page
Energy Page
Mixed News In The Power Front
85
88
89
91
Price Details
LNG Prices May Rise By $5
Ask For The Chemical Facts Free
Tender
93
Chemicals Imported At The Chennai Port

During The Month Of January 2011
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nsvenkatchennai@gmail.com
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Views expressed in this journal are

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Editor - Publisher
TALK OF THE MONTH

NEED TO PROMOTE RESEARCH CENTRIC UNIVERSITIES
IN A BIG WAY
Inspite of the army of technical
manpower in India , the country does not
have much to show by way of
achievements in the research and
development front. While Indian scientists
have certainly made breakthroughs in
sophisticated areas such as space
research and atomic energy , there is a
view that no proper cost benefit analysis
have been made , as to whether the
results have been commensurate with the
efforts and investments putforth. It is not
to belittle some of the spectacular
achievements in the R&D field.
Nevertheless, the fact remains that India today still largely depends on import of
technology to sustain its industrial development. Obviously, India still has a long way to
go in fine tuning its research and development strategies to achieve appropriate growth
in tune with the countrys strength and opportunities.
No doubt , the Government of India has been pumping several hundred crores of rupees
to maintain many research laboratories under the fold of Council of Scientific & Industrial
Research (CSIR) and is also extending liberal subsidy support and tax incentives to
several R&D initiatives by public and private sector companies and universities.
Certainly, Government of India cannot be found fault of wanting in its enthusiasm to
encourage the R&D activities in the country. It, therefore, implies that it is only the
Indian industries , R&D institutions and Universities who have to pull their socks and
forge ahead. At this stage, it is necessary to examine as to why these agencies have
not been able to meet the needs and expectations of the country in the R&D field in
adequate measure.
One thing that is very clear is that the investments by the Indian industries in the R&D
activities are very low compared to their turn over and profits. On the other hand, most
of the industries in India appear to be relying on purchased or acquired technology by
technical collaboration instead of developing such technologies on their own. This is a
defeatist attitude and the industries have to overcome this psychological obsession in
resorting to the purchase of technologies lock stock and barrel rather than developing
them on their own. When anyone would depend on purchasing technologies , then he
would only get what is offered in the market and not what he needs. Excessive
dependence on overseas technology would surely put India always a step behind the
countries which put huge efforts in technology developments on their own.
NEED TO PROMOTE RESEARCH CENTRIC UNIVERSITIES IN A BIG WAY

Of course, one cannot expect Indian industries, even the very large ones by Indian
standard , to make the type of R & D investments that multi national giant companies
like BASF., DOW, DU Pont and others do.
However, what one should recognize is the fact that there is an attitudinal problem
towards R&D pursuits in Indian industries , which is conspicuous and should not be
overlooked.
Indian R&D efforts in different fields are now largely sustained by the government owned
CSIR laboratories . While CSIR labs like National Chemical Laboratory , Pune, Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad have a few feathers on their cap, overall
the CSIR labs have not been able to create confidence amongst the industries about
their capabilities and dependability. The CSIR laboratories have not been able to get rid
of the government and bureaucratic culture to a large extent and that explain their
inadequacies to some extent.
In recent years, huge investments have gone in quantitative expansion of technological
and management education in the country, with private sector playing a very active role.
While this is satisfying development, most of such colleges and universities have
focused themselves largely on turning out graduates and post graduates by imparting
readymade lessons to them with little innovation and research culture . Indian Institutes
of Technology , no doubt , remain as centres of excellence and role model for other
institutions in the country. But, even these institutions focus more on turning out
graduates and post graduates with exam oriented approach rather than aggressive
research pursuits. Many educationists wonder as to why
Indian Institutes of
Technology should pre occupy themselves with graduate programmes instead of
focusing their entire attention on research pursuits alone.
Such Indian scenario point to the need to promote and encourage exclusive research
centric Indian universities , which would be able to interact with the industries in an
elegant manner for carrying out purposive and appropriate research and development
programmes.
Industries have to involve themselves in research pursuits with much more intensity and
since many of them do not have the investment capability in R&D , and appropriate R&D
team in strength , industry university cooperation is the obvious way to provide a big
R&D push in India. In this way, the universities would pursue research in cooperation
with the industries with much greater enthusiasm and focus, particularly since such
research activities have great prospects for commercial exploitation by the research
sponsoring industries.
There is really no need to further explain the worthiness of this concept , as the
experience and results of industry university cooperation in USA remain as an elegant
example.
READ NANDINI CHEMICAL JOURNAL AND FORGE AHEAD

NUCLEAR CONCERNS
INDIAS NEED FOR CAUTION
The earthquake and consequent safety threat to the nuclear power plants
in Japan have confirmed the worst fears of the critics of the nuclear
power projects around the world.
Japan is a country with enormous technology strength and high level of
disciplined approach to issues and even this great nation finds it
extremely difficult to face the present adverse conditions.
A number of developing countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa are
now committing themselves to nuclear power projects. The Government
of India has announced that it would create nuclear power capacity of as
much as around 15,000 MW. In the next few years involving investment
of several million US dollars.
There have been considerable opposition to nuclear power plans of
Government of India by well meaning critics in India, due to several
issues such as the high cost of nuclear power that would be generated,
lack of disposal facility for nuclear waste and safety issues such as
radiation.
In a densely populated country like India, one would shudder to think
about the consequences, if similar disasters were to take place in India
near the nuclear power plants. God forbid.
The destruction in Japan is a grave global humanitarian issue and threat
to the nuclear plants in Japan should alert United Nations Organisations
and the scientific community across the world. They should take a fresh
look at the advisability of setting up nuclear power projects, particularly
in developing countries which may not be able to adopt the best of safety
procedures due to several reasons.
It would be appropriate if UNO would set up a committee of experts who
would look into the issues and provide an advisory to all the countries.
The article discusses the Indian nuclear power scenario.
Indian nuclear power scenario

Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) is a Public Sector
Enterprise under the administrative control of the Department of Atomic
Energy (DAE).
NUCLEAR CONERNS - INDIAS NEED FOR CAUTION
NPCIL is operating nineteen nuclear power plants with total installed capacity
of 4560 MWe and has seven reactors under construction totaling 5020 MWe
capacity.
Operating Units under NPCIL
Name of the unit
Tarapur Atomic P ower Station Units-1&2
Tarapur Atomic Power Station Units-3&4
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Units 1- 6
Madras Atomic Power Station Units-1&2

Narora Atomic Power Station Units-1&2
Kakrapar Atomic Station Units-1&2
Kaiga Generating Station Unit-1 to 3
Total
Capacity and
technology
2x160 MWe BWRs
2x540 MWe PHWRs
100 MWe, 200 MWe
and 4x220 MWe
PHWRs
2x220 MWe PHWRs
2x220 MWe PHWRs
2x220 MWe PHWRs
3x220 MWe PHWRs
Total capacity,
MWe
320
1080
1180
440
440
440
660
4560
Units under construction
Name of the unit

Kaiga Atomic Power Project
unit 4
Kudankulam Nuclear Power
Project unit 1 & 2
Rajasthan Atomic Power
Project units 7 & 8
Kakrapar Atomic Power Project
units 3&4
Total
BWR
PHWR
PWR
Capacity and
technology
220 MWe PHWR
Total
capacity,
MWe
220
Status of
commercial
operation
Dec-2010
2x1000 MWe PWRs
2000
2x700 MWe PHWRs
1400
2x700 MWe PHWRs
1400
Unit 1 Mar 2011

Unit 2 Dec 2011
Unit 7 Jun-2016
Unit 8 Dec-2016
Unit 3 Jun-2015
Unit 4 Dec-2015
5020
Boiling water reactor

Pressurised heavy water reactor
Pressurized water reactor
NUCLEAR CONERNS- INDIAS NEED FOR CAUTION

The following agreements were signed by Department of Atomic Energy to
promote nuclear power generation in India
*
*
*
*
*
*
Indo-US Civil Nuclear co-operation initiatives

Joint Declaration between India and United Kingdom on Civil Nuclear
Co-operation
Indo-French Nuclear co-operation
IAEA Safeguards Agreement
India- U.S. Civil Nuclear Cooperation - Reprocessing Arrangement
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the
Argentine Republic for Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
Nuclear power reactors planned or firmly proposed until 2020

Reactor
State
Type
Kudankulam 3
Tamil Nadu
Kudankulam 4
Tamil Nadu
Jaitapur 1 & 2
Kaiga 5 & 6
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Kudankulam 5 & 6
Tamil Nadu
PWR - AES
92 or AES2006
PWR - AES
92 or AES2006
PWR - EPR
PWR
PWR - AES
92 or AES2006
MWe
gross, each
Project
control
Start
construction
Start
operation
1050-1200
NPCIL
6/2011
2016
1050-1200
NPCIL
2012?
2017
1700
1000/1500
NPCIL
NPCIL
2013
2012
2018-19
--
1050-1200
NPCIL
2014
2019-21
2012
--
2012
--
2014
2019-20
Kumharia 1-4
Haryana
PHWR x 4
(or x2)
700
Bargi 1 & 2
Madhya
Pradesh
PHWR x 2
700
FBR x 2
500
Kalpakkam 2 & 3
Tamil Nadu
Planned until 2020
NPCIL or
NPCILNTPC
NPCIL or
NPCILNTPC
Bhavini
20700 MW (including the projects under

construction and proposed)
Performance of nuclear power plants in India

Period (April to March)
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
Power generation, million

units
16956
14927
18831
Capacity utilization, %
53
50
61
Indian uranium deposits

India's uranium resources are modest, with 54,000 tonnes uranium as
reasonably assured resources and 23,500 tonnes as estimated additional
resources in situ.

Mining and processing of uranium is carried out by Uranium Corporation of
India Ltd, a subsidiary of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), at
Jaduguda, Bhatin, Narwapahar and Turamdih in Jharkand State.
Accordingly, from now onwards India is expecting to import an increasing
proportion of its uranium fuel needs.
Indian Uranium sites
Singhbhum (Jharkhand)
Mahadek basin (Meghalaya)
Guddapah basin (Andhra Pradesh)
46%
16%
25%
These constitute about 87% of the total reserves.

The production of uranium is restricted to a few developed mines in
Singhbhum area. Most of these reserves are either in forest areas or in
wildlife sanctuaries. As a result, the mineable reserves may actually stand at
60% of the assessment.
Thorium fuel cycle development in India
India has reserves of 290,000 tonnes of thorium - about one quarter of the
world total, and these are intended to fuel its nuclear power program longerterm
The long-term goal of India's nuclear program has been to develop an
advanced heavy-water thorium cycle.
The first stage of this employs the
PHWRs fuelled by natural uranium, and light water reactors, to produce
plutonium.
Stage 2 uses fast neutron reactors burning the plutonium to breed U-233
from thorium. The blanket around the core will have uranium as well as
thorium, so that further plutonium (ideally high-fissile Pu) is produced as well
as the U-233.
Then in stage 3, Advanced Heavy Water Reactors (AHWRs) burn the U-233
from stage 2 and this plutonium with thorium, getting about two thirds of
their power from the thorium.

Concerns about nuclear power projects
Cost concern
Even as representatives from the U. S. nuclear power companies,
Westinghouse Electric Co. and GE Energy, are currently continuing their
company-to-company negotiations with the Nuclear Power Corporation of
India Ltd. (NPCIL) for building American-made nuclear reactors in India
following the Indo-U.S. nuclear deal, significant cost overruns in the nuclear
plants being built by the Westinghouse in China have come to light.
Quoting a document that has been circulated among the Chinese party and
government leadership, a recent report in the Russian website
www.AtomInfo.ru has stated that the commissioning of the Sanmen-I will be
delayed by two years from the original target of 2013. Also, the cost of the
two Sanmen blocks will reach 60 billion yuan (about $9 billion) instead of the
original estimate of 40 billion yuan (about $6 billion).
This works out to about $4.5 million per MW (about Rs.19.7 crore per MW)
compared to the earlier $3.5 million per MW (about Rs. 15.4 crore per MW).
These costs should be compared with the cost of Rs.7 crore to Rs.8 crore per
MW of indigenous reactors of PHWR design.
Environmental issues
On 7th November 2010, protesters in Germany delayed a train hauling
nuclear waste to a storage site in northern Germany.

The protestors stopped the train, but after the demonstrators on the ground
were hauled away, the train was able to continue on its way, with the two
protesters hanging from the bridge.
Activists maintain that neither the waste containers nor the Gorleben site, a
temporary storage facility, are safe.
On 6th November 2010, at least 25,000 people demonstrated outside
Dannenberg, the biggest protest ever against the regular transport of nuclear
waste.
Germany receives waste shipments roughly every year under an agreement
that sees spent fuel sent to France for reprocessing and returned for storage.
Safety measures for the shipment involved sealing the solid nuclear waste in
glass that is in turn encased in 40-cm-thick steel containers.
Global caution
On the drawing board are plans to more than double the number of nuclear
power plants worldwide. There are 477 proposed or planned plants,
compared with the 441 already in operation. China, Russia and India account
for the bulk of the growth, according to data from the World Nuclear
Association.
Authorities in China ordered a safety crackdown that threatens a burgeoning
national expansion program. Germany went a step further, shutting down
seven older reactors in response to the incident in Japan. Such actions
promise to trigger a ripple effect around the world, throwing up hurdles for
power generation companies on the brink of huge expansion.
A pullback to review safety,.let alone impose new regulations, will affect
companies such as Shaw Group, which builds reactors, uranium producers
that supply fuel and those that design the piping and instrumentation. Other
big players in nuclear construction and equipment are privately owned Bectel
Corp, General Electric, Babcock & Wilcox and Areva SA.
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AHEAD
10
INDIA UNPREPARED TO DEAL WITH

NUCLEAR DISASTERS ,SAYS EXPERT
India is disorganized and unprepared for handling nuclear emergencies like that of Japan,
says Dr A Gopalakrishnan, former chairman of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB).
The AERBs disaster preparedness oversight is mostly on paper and thedrills they conduct
once in a while are half hearted efforts, which amount more to a sham. he claimed.
He called for a total re organization of the AERB. It should be made completely independent
of the Department of Atomic Energy Secretary and made technically much stronger with the
recruitment of reputed senior specialists into that organization, he suggested.
Dr Gopalakrishnan said it was unlikely that the kind of earthquake and tsunami that struck
Japan could strike any of the Indian nuclear plants. But, the earthquake resistant designs
and tsunami abatement measures need a high level in depth review by an independent
experts group, predominantly consisting of non DAE, non-NPCIL (Nuclear Power
Corporation of India Limited) experts, he added.
Pointing out the helplessness Indian engineers face over imported reactors, the former
AERB chief said. The government is getting imported reactors like the French evolutionary
pressurized ones in Jaitapur, of which neither the Indians nor the French know much. If in a
pressurized heavy water reactor a major accident occurs, we have Indian engineers and
scientists who are totally familiar with the details, who can jump in and rapidly bring the
situation under control. He added, a similar timely and effective reaction from Indian
engineering teams on an accident in one of the imported reactors will be next to impossible
for at least a few decades to come.
He explained that the objections to building evolutionary pressurized reactors (EPRs) at
Jiatapur, which have not been commissioned anywhere else in the world are that it is non
existent and its potential problems are unknown even to its developer. Areva, let alone
Indias Nuclear Power Corporation. A reactor has to be physically built and then only can it
be tested and the EPR is, therefore, a totally untested reactor, even if Areva claims they
have combined various best design features on paper in conceiving the EPR.
Courtesy: New Indian Express
11
MAJOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENTS

IN THE WORLD
Contributed by Dr. D.M.Mohunta, Consultant Technologist
E-mail:dmm@ccdcindia.com
The recent earth quake in Japan and consequent safety issues relating to the nuclear
power plants have once again brought to focus as to whether more nuclear power
plants should be set up in the world.
Several countries like India are now committing themselves to put up large capacity of
nuclear power plants in the coming years.
The details about the nuclear power accidents in the past should cause concern .
December 12, 1952

A partial meltdown of a reactor's uranium core at the Chalk River plant near
Ottawa, Canada, resulted after the accidental removal of four control rods.
Although millions of gallons of radioactive water poured into the reactor,
there were no injuries.
12
MAJOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENTS IN THE WORLD

October 1957
Fire destroyed the core of a plutonium-producing reactor at Britain's Wind
scale nuclear complex - since renamed Sellafield - sending clouds of
radioactivity into the atmosphere. An official report said the leaked radiation
could have caused dozens of cancer deaths in the vicinity of Liverpool.
Winter 1957-'58
A serious accident occurred during the winter of 1957-58 near the town of
Kyshtym in the Urals. A Russian scientist who first reported the disaster
estimated that hundreds died from radiation sickness.
January 3, 1961
Three technicians died at a U.S. plant in Idaho Falls in an accident at an
experimental reactor.
July 4, 1961
The captain and seven crew members died when radiation spread through
the Soviet Union's first nuclear-powered submarine. A pipe in the control
system of one of the two reactors had ruptured.
October 5, 1966
The core of an experimental reactor near Detroit, Mich., melted partially
when a sodium cooling system failed.
January 21, 1969
A coolant malfunction from an experimental underground reactor at Lucens
Vad, Switzerland, releases a large amount of radiation into a cave, which was
then sealed.
December 7, 1975
At the Lubmin nuclear power complex on the Baltic coast in the former East
Germany, a short-circuit caused by an electrician's mistake started a fire.
Some news reports said there was almost a meltdown of the reactor core.
March 28, 1979
Near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, America's worst nuclear accident occurred. A
partial meltdown of one of the reactors forced the evacuation of the residents
after radioactive gas escaped into the atmosphere.
13
MAJOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENTS IN THE WORLD

February 11, 1981
Eight workers were contaminated when more than 100,000 gallons of radioactive
coolant fluid leaked into the contaminant building of the Tennessee Valley Authority's
Sequoyah 1 plant in Tennessee.
April 25, 1981
Officials said around 45 workers were exposed to radioactivity during repairs to a plant
at Tsuruga, Japan.
April 26, 1986
The world's worst nuclear accident occurred after an explosion and fire at the Chernobyl
nuclear power plant. It released radiation over much of Europe. Thirty-one people died in
the immediate aftermath of the explosion. Hundreds of thousands of residents were
moved from the area and a similar number are believed to have suffered from the effects
of radiation exposure. SCALE 7
March 24, 1992
At the Sosnovy Bor station near St. Petersburg, Russia, radioactive iodine escaped into
the atmosphere. A loss of pressure in a reactor channel was the source of the accident.
November 1992
In France's most serious nuclear accident, three workers were contaminated after
entering a nuclear particle accelerator in Forbach without protective clothing. Executives
were jailed in 1993 for failing to take proper safety measures.
November 1995
Japan's Monju prototype fast-breeder nuclear reactor leaked two to three tons of sodium
from the reactor's secondary cooling system.
March 1997
The state-run Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation reprocessing
plant at Tokaimura, Japan, contaminated at least 35 workers with minor radiation after a
fire and explosion occurred.
September 30, 1999
Another accident at the uranium processing plant at Tokaimura, Japan, plant exposed
fifty-five workers to radiation. More than 300,000 people living near the plant were
ordered to stay indoors. Workers had been mixing uranium with nitric acid to make
nuclear fuel, but had used too much uranium and set off the accidental uncontrolled
reaction.
14
NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION TO REVIEW

BACK UP SYSTEMS AT FACILITIES
Nuclear Power Corporation (NPCIL) is likely to focus on the reliability of back-up power
systems at some of the operational nuclear stations as it looks to reinforce safety
measures in the wake of the Japanese nuclear accident.
Nuclear stations generally have several back-up diesel generators and battery powered
systems that supply power to motor-driven cooling systems, which will continue the
supply of water or coolant to dissipate heat in the event of a forced shutdown.
While during an earth-quake, the reactor would be expected to automatically shut down
(called a reactor scram), the reactor continues to produce heat equivalent to about 3 to 5
per cent of its full power level even after that. This drops off gradually and is why there
needs to be layers of redundant cooling with back-up power. Especially in the event of a
major earth-quake, when power from outside the plant would not be expected to be
available.
The crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Japan, which withstood the
magnitude 9 earthquake, suffered severe damages to its diesel generators and back-up
power systems in the tsunami that followed the quake.
NPCIL currently operates 20 nuclear power reactors with an installed capacity of 4,780
MW. Of these reactors, two are Boiling Water Reactors of 160 MWe each at Tarapur
while all others are Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs).
The safety of these BWR units, which are of the same type as the six units of the
Fukushima Dai-ichi station, were reanalyzed few years ago and reviewed by Atomic
Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), NPCIL officials said. Following this, the two BWRs at
Tarapur have been renovated, upgraded and additional safety features back fitted to
latest safety standards, an officials said.
The PHWRs are of different design than that of BWRs and have multiple, redundant and
diverse shutdown systems as well as cooling water systems, they said.
15
MASSIVE URANIUM DEPOSITS

FOUND IN ANDHRA PRADESH
India has 19 operating Pressurised Heavy
Water Reactors (PHWRs) that use natural
uranium as fuel. It is building more
PHWRs of 700 MWe capacity each.
Huge deposits of natural uranium, which
promise to be one of the top 20 of the
world's reserves, have been found in the
Tummalapalle belt in the southern part of
the Kadapa basin in Andhra Pradesh.
The Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD), which
explores uranium in the country, has so far discovered 44,000 tonnes of
natural uranium (U3O8) in just 15 line km of the 160-km long belt.
The uranium deposits will occur over the entire length of 160 km of the
Tummalapalle belt with a depth consistency of about 400 metres. The
uranium resources found so far can sustain a generation of 5,000 MWe of
nuclear power.
There is a possibility of further extension of the ore on either side of
Tummalapalle. About 4,000 tonnes of uranium deposits have also been found
at Gogi in Gulbarga district of Karnataka. Gogi is not a large deposit but it is
a rich ore.
The Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), meanwhile, is pressing
ahead with the commissioning of a mine at Tummalapalle. A mill to process
the uranium into yellow cake will start production at Tummalapalle next year.
The yellow cake is converted into fuel bundles and fed into the nuclear power
reactor. Both the AMD and the UCIL belong to the Department of Atomic
Energy (DAE).
Special type of occurrence
The continuity and tonnage of the Tummalapalle deposits is very high
although the grade is medium. The Atomic Mineral Directorate earlier worked
in the area and found more than 14,000 tonnes of U3O8. After developing
the leachability of the natural uranium ore and tackling other issues, the AMD
started drilling again in the area. AMD is certain that the belt would yield
more than 60,000 tonnes of U3O8. Tummalapalle a special type of
occurrence and you don't get this in any other part of the world. It is stratabound , it is claimed.
16
MASSIVE URANIUM DEPOSITS FOUND IN ANDHRA PRADESH

The AMD earlier found uranium deposits in Nalgonda district and it was
confident that it could locate reserves in the adjoining Guntur district, where
its men were working now.
About 4,000 tonnes of U3O8 deposits were discovered in the Bhima basin at
Gogi in Karnataka. Gradewise, the Gogi ore is richer than the Tummalapalle ore
but it does not continue over a long distance.
Fracture-controlled mineralisation of uranium has been found at Rohil in Sikar
district in Rajasthan and the grade of the ore is similar to that of the Gogi ore.
The Rohil belt is 130 km long and there is continuity of occurrence of uranium
ore. The Rohil belt may yield between 5,000 tonnes and 10,000 tonnes of
uranium.
In Meghalaya, about 10,000 tonnes (at Domiasiat) and 8,000 tonnes (Wakhyn)
of deposits were discovered several years ago. But the UCIL was unable to mine
them because of socio-economic problems.
.
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on
INDIAS ENERGY NEEDS AND OPTIONS BY 2020
Number of entries have been received from students from
all over India. The essays are now being evaluated.
The results of the competition and the names of the prize
winning students would be announced in the May 2011
issue of Nandini Chemical Journal.
17
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appraisal,
identification of project opportunities for investment and data
base services.
Nandini Consultancy, Singapore is the overseas arm of Nandini
Consultancy Centre, India, a renowned firm of chemical engineers
and project consultants based at Chennai, serving the chemical
industry for over 20 years.
Based in Singapore, a global trading hub and regional
headquarters to over a thousand MNCs, Nandini Consultancy is
well positioned to provide services to Indian chemical industries
in global market research, technology sourcing, export promotion
of products and in formulating international marketing
strategies.NANDINIs clients include several leading Indian and
Multinational companies in the chemical and allied industry
sector.
Nandini Consultancy (S) Pte. Ltd.,
105, Cecil Street, 0601, The Octagon,
Singapore 069534Office: +65-6827 4510,
Mobile : +65-9112 2166,
Fax : +65-6827 9601
E-mail: swaminathan.v@nandinichemical.com
18
CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN CHINA

HAVE TO FINE TUNE EXPORT STRATEGY
There is no doubt that chemical industries in China have grown by leaps and
bounds in the last ten years by steady capacity expansion and optimizing
technology practices. Obviously, the chemical industry growth rate in China
is far higher than the growth in other regions.
At the same time, it has to be recognized that in most cases, the capacity
created in China for production of variety of chemicals have been far higher
than the present requirement in China. In other words, the capacity
creation has exceeded the demand growth in China, even considering the
highly impressive GDP growth in the country. China appears to be facing a
risk of over capacity situation with regard to many chemicals and consequent
issues such as Chinese chemical industries becoming vulnerable to
international price pressure and at the mercy of global buyers.
The over capacity have happened in the case of many chemicals such as
citric acid, titanium dioxide, calcium carbide etc. Just to give one example,
the output of butanol and octanol in China increased from 1,26,700 metric
tonnes
and 2,56,000 metric tonnes in 2000 respectively to 4,00,000
metric tonnes
and 5,85,000 metric tonnes in 2008 when Chinas self
sufficiency was around 62% for butanol and 68% for octanol. In China,
many butanol/octanol units are presently under planning or construction .
By 2011 / 2012, it is expected that additional capacity of over one million
metric tonnes per annum would be created. This figure would not include the
expansion of existing butanol/octanol plants . When these projects would be
implemented, the growth in demand would lag behind the supply and
dependence on export market would increase substantially.
This would create a piquant situation for the Chinese chemical industries ,
when they have to depend excessively on the export market and have to
maintain an extremely aggressive export efforts to achieve high capacity
utilization . When and if China have to flood the global market with its
products, the profit margins of the existing and new units in China will
shrink substantially and may be a few units will be forced to close down
operations due to low capacity utilization and price and consequent loss.
The capacity creation have taken place at such a rapid pace in different
provinces in China that many observers outside China often wonder, as to
whether adequate and careful global market research have been carried out
by chemical industries in China before implementing such new projects and
going for relentless capacity creation. Many find it difficult to accept the logic
for this massive capacity creation in China and wonder as to whether such
capacity build up have been due to huge confidence in their capability to
penetrate the export market all over the world, out beating other existing
players across the world. This should particularly be seen in the context of
19
CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN CHINA HAVE TO FINE TUNE EXPORT STRATEGY

the huge capacity for petrochemicals being built in the middle east region ,
which have little local market for its products and depend almost entirely on
global market.
Well meaning critics of Chinese chemical industry may, perhaps, think that
an element of caution is needed , as rapid capacity creation without
reference to global demand supply scenario, could create a difficult situation
leading to loss of investment by way of plant closures and non utilization of
capacity created. This situation would be like taking two steps forward that
result in one step backward.
Has the time now come for China to have a re look at its capacity creation
strategies ?
In this context, there is a view that in the immediate future, Chinese
chemical industries should consolidate and go only for selective capacity
expansion with great care and caution. It should
also strengthen and
consolidate its domestic base by improving their competitiveness in terms of
quality and specification and process parameters and production costs.
With the increasing share of installed capacity of China in the global supply
scenario there is great urgency that Chinese chemical industries should work
out an integrated and pragmatic export marketing strategy atleast for the
next ten years. There is no evidence that such strategy exists right now
and there appears to be a sense of panic and anxiety already developing
amongst chemical industry. E mail boxes of several chemical companies,
trading houses and consultants around the world now receive huge number
of unsolicited emails from China suggesting about the availability of the
products and enticing the buyers to entertain them. For example, Nandini
Consultancy Centre based in India and Singapore receive on an average 120
e mails every day for marketing their products from cross section of Chinese
chemical industries. This figure should be viewed from the point of view of
the fact that not even 5% of similar mails are sent from chemical industries
of other countries for product marketing.
The influx of huge investments in capacity creation from multi national
companies in China need not be considered as a big advantage by itself,
since several multi national companies invest their resources hoping that
Chinese market would absorb such capacity and are also encouraged by the
over enthusiastic invitation from co promoters in China.
Chemical industries in China have moved forward admirably so far , but the
time has come to be more circumspect and pay greater attention to market
research projections, giving up the view that capacity creation by itself is a
sign of progress.
20
DROP IN GAS PRODUCTION IN KG BASIN FIELDS

Reliance Industries Ltd. has projected that gas output from Dhirubhai-1 and
3 (D1 and D3) gas fields in the block KG-DWN-98/3 (KG-D6), will be 38
million standard cubic meters a day in 2012-13 from the current production
level of 43-44 mscmd. It has submitted these estimates to the Directorate
General of Hydrocarbons (GDH) in its annual work programme.
The D-26 or MA oilfield in the same block is expected to produce current
levels of 8 to 9 mscmd, taking the total output from the deep-sea area in Bay
of Bengal to around 47 mscmd. At present, KG-D6 block is producing around
51 to 52 mscmd.
The D1 and D3, the largest of the 18 gas discoveries, had touched 53 to 54
mscmd of output in mid-2010 but the production has fallen since. The fields
have enough reserves to support peak output of 80 mscmd. But RIL has
learnt that the gas is stored in isolated pools which are not connected to each
other. It is not able to derive entire volumes out. It is argued that drilling
more wells could solve the problem but RIL is of the view that the cost of
drilling, completing and connecting the well to the production system
exceeds the economic value of the gas to be produced.
The production plan in FDP is a guidance and not a firm commitment. In fact,
Reliance Industries had touched 60 mscmd of output with just 16-17 wells in
mid-2010. However, soon production started to fall.
Reliance Industries Ltd. has projected a 13 per cent further decline in its gas
output from KG basin fields.
The continued trend of declining output from the KG basin gas fields certainly
is a worrisome development and it would take best of the expertise of its new
partner BP to fix the problem.
BP has faced similar issues around the world and its expertise will help
Reliance overcome the problem. The field development plan (FDP) approved
some years ago, envisaged a total of 22 wells producing 61.88 mscmd of gas
from D1 and D3 fields by April 1. This was to rise to 80 mscmd by April 1,
2012, with 31 wells. The MA field was to contribute another 8 mscmd.
Reliance was meant to put on stream 22 wells in the D1 and D3 fields by
April, 2011, to achieve a production level of 61.88 mscmd. As of now, only
18 wells are in production. Output from these wells at 43.44 mscmd is lower
than the 53.4 mscmd planned in the FDP.
As per the FDP, production in the block is expected to go up to 86.92 mscmd
in 2013-14 and the output would start declining from 2018-19.
*****
21
CBM GAS FROM RANIGANJ

STATUS REPORT
CBM
is
unconventional
natural gas contained in
coal, primarily in the form
of methane. India has the
third largest proven coal
reserves
and
the
4th
largest coal producer in the
world. The prognosticated
CBM resources are about 50
tcf, out of which only 8.39
tcf has been established.
The oil ministry of Government of India has so far awarded 30 CBM blocks
under four bidding rounds and three on nomination basis. According to the
DGH website, CBM production is expected at around 7.4 mmscmd by
2013-14.
Great Eastern
YK Modi-promoted Great Eastern, the first company in India to commercialise
CBM gas, is currently producing 0.16 million standard cubic meters per day
(mmscmd) gas, which will be ramped up to 3 million mmscmd in next 6-7
years, the official said after a review of the CBM blocks auctioned under four
bidding rounds.
Great Eastern's block is located in southern part of Raniganj near Asansol in
West Bengal. The company is supplying fuel to over two dozens small
industrial units through a 78 km pipeline.
Essar
The next commercial production of the CBM gas is expected soon from
another block in Raniganj, operated by Essar. The block, which has a
potential to produce 3.5 mmscmd gas, has already started supplying fuel in a
small quantity to local buyers.
Essar confirmed that the block is currently producing 0.3 mmscmd gas per
day. "Financial closure of drilling 143 wells in the first phase has been
achieved and Essar Oil is fast-tracking the drilling of new wells. The company
holds five CBM blocks.
22
CBM GAS FROM RANIGANJ - STATUS REPORT

Reliance Industries Ltd
Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL), which is credited with country's largest
conventional gas discovery at KG-D6, will also commercialise its two CBM
blocks at Suhagpur in Madhya Pradesh in 2012-13. RIL's Suhagpur blocks
are expected to achieve peak production of 4.5 mmscmd in 2014-15.
RIL said that the development plan for the Sohagpur CBM blocks has been
approved by the government and the development activities are currently
underway." The company plans to market its gas through Hazira-BijapurJagdidhpur (HBJ) pipeline owned by state-run Gail India. RIL currently holds
three CBM blocks.
While ONGC private firms have made significant progress in developing CBM
blocks, ONGC is lagging behind despite having some blocks adjacent to
private CBM projects.ONGC holds nine CBM blocks including a block in
Raniganj north.
Price
The first coal-bed methane (CBM) gas produced from Raniganj block is
commanding a 67% premium over the price of Reliance Industries' KG-D6
gas, prompting Reliance and Essar to speed up similar projects which will add
up to 10% of the country's current gas output in two years.
Gas from Great Eastern Energy's Raniganj block is sold at $7 (per unit) which
is an encouragement for other CBM players. The government has fixed KGD6 gas price at $4.2 per unit for five years.
ALGAE MIXED WITH CO2 - FUEL OF FUTURE

Spain scientists claim that they have developed bio-oil that are produced with algae
mixed with carbon dioxide.
The project , which is still experimental , has been developed over the past five
years by Spanish and French researchers at the small Bio Fuel Systems (BFS )
company . Almost 400 of the green tubes, filled with millions of microscopic algae ,
cover a plain near the city of Alicante , next to a cement works from which the CO2 is
captured and transported via a pipeline to the "blue petroleum" factory.
The idea is to reproduce and speed up a process which has taken millions of years
and which has led to the production of fossil fuels. The scientists are trying to
simulate the conditions which existed millions of years ago ,when the phytoplankton
was transformed into oil," said engineer Eloy Chapuli . "In this way , the scientists
obtain
oil
that
is
the
same
as
oil
today.
said founder and chairman of BFS , engineer Bernard Stroiazzo-Mougin .
23
ANTI DUMPING PAGE

Aniline
The Department of Commerce, part of Indias Ministry of Commerce and Industry, has
launched an antidumping investigation into imports of aniline from the European Union
(EU).
The investigation follows an application from Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Co.
(GNFC; Narmada Nagar, India), alleging dumping of aniline originating from the EU and
requesting the imposition of antidumping duties on these imports. The request is
supported by Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd. (HOCL; Mumbai).
Production of aniline by GNFC and HOCL together constituted about 90% of Indias total
aniline production between April 2009 and June 2010, with GNFC alone accounting for
77%, the department says.
*****
Caprolactam
The Ministry of Commerce (Mofcom; Beijing) in China has made a preliminary ruling
after a previously announced antidumping investigation into imports of caprolactam from
the U.S. and EU. Mofcom concluded that caprolactam imports from the EU and U.S. had
been dumped in China and damaged the Chinese caprolactam industry.
Mofcom says it will make a final ruling after further investigation.
PUBLICATION ON
INVESTMENT AND TRADE OPPORTUNITIES
IN PETROCHEMICALS UNDER IMPORTS
The projects discussed in the publication are excellent investment and trade
opportunities,considering the Indian demand trends and global scenario.
Products discussed in the publication are as follows:
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Aniline
Acetonitrile
Acrylates
Acrylamide monomer
Phenol/Acetone
Melamine
Adipic acid
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Isopropyl Alcohol
Styrene
Methanol
TDI
Butyl rubber
Polyvinyl alcohol
Poly acetal
Vinyl acetate monomer
PUBLICATION AVAILABLE ONLY IN CD
PRICE: Rs. 6000/-Service Tax @ 10.3% extra)

CONTACT: NANDINI CONSULTANCY CENTRE PVT. LTD
PHONE: 044-43511945 / 24916037 / 24914137
E-MAIL: nandinichemical@airtelmail.in / nsvenkatchennai@gmail.com
24
SAFETY AND ACCIDENT PAGE

BLAST IN BAYERS WV PLANT IN 2008
WHY & HOW?
Multiple deficiencies during a lengthy startup process, including pressure to
resume production, contributed to the cause of a 2008 accident at Bayer
CropSciences Institute, WV plant that killed two workers, according to a
draft of the final accident report by the Chemical Safety and Hazard
Identification Board (CSB; Washington).
Bayers accident at Institute attracted an enormous amount of attention from
federal regulators and lawmakers, in part because the plant served as the
model for the methylisocyanate (MIC) plant at Bhopal, India, where more
than 4,000 were killed after an MIC leak in 1984. Congress in late 2009
ordered a separate report be conducted by CSB and the National Academy of
Sciences to determine if MIC production at Bayers Institute site should be
terminated. That report is due out by year-end.
CSBs final accident investigation reporta draft of which was released prior
to a January 20 public meeting CSB held at Institutefound Bayers startup
of the Institute plant was begun prematurely, a result of pressures to
resume production of the pesticides methomyl and Larvin, and took place
before valve lineups, equipment checkouts, a pre-startup safety review, and
computer calibration were complete.
A principal cause of the accident was the intentional overriding of an interlock
system that was designed to prevent adding methomyl process residue into
the residue treater vessel before filing the vessel with clean solvent and
heating it to the minimum safe operating temperature, CSB says.
Bayer in 2009 said that it would reduce inventories of MIC by 80% by
eliminating bulk storage in above-ground tanks, and cease production of two
MIC-based pesticides.
CSB has recommended that the company and regulators establish a stateand county-run plant safety program similar to one put in place at Contra
Costa, CA.
*****
Fire at Tata Global Beverages unit
Tata Global Beverages said a fire broke out at its instant tea unit at Munnar
in Kerala damaging raw materials and warehouse building on March 11,
2011.
There has been damage to raw material stocks and warehouse building.
25

Tata Global has tea brands such as Tetley and Tata Tea in its portfolio
besides coffee and packaged water labels.
*****
Acid leak fumes in Shasun Chemicals
Residents of at least three villages were affected by fumes, following an acid
leak in unit II of Shasun Chemicals and Drugs Ltd located on SIPCOT
Industrial Estate in Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu.
As many as 71 persons, including 11 children in the age group of two to 10
years, and 24 women, suffered health complications such as irritation in the
eyes, trachea and stomach, coughing, nausea, skin allergy and sudden
sapping of energy.
The affected villages include Kudigadu, Eachangadu and Karaikadu.
Following the incident, District Collector ordered the unit's closure.
Eyewitness accounts had it that fumes densely enveloped the area and
severely affected visibility, spreading panic among residents.
*****
Gas leakage at Vadilal ice-cream unit
Over 30 workers, majority of them women, at Vadilal Group''s ice cream
production unit in Mansa taluka of Gandhinagar district were hospitalised
following gas leakage in the factory.
The incident took place at the ice cream unit located in Pundra village of
Mansa taluka.
According to police, there was a leakage of ammonia gas in the factory
following which over 30 workers, majority of them women, started
complaining of burning eyes, headache and breathing trouble.
*****
Explosion in Natural gas liquid storage
facility
A fire ripped through Enterprise Products

Partners natural gas liquids (NGL) storage
facility at Mont Belvieu, TX February 8
following a pipeline explosion. One
contractor died in the blast. The fire was
allowed to burn out over the course of two
days. The pipeline connects to the plants of
several major ethylene producers, including
SAFETY AND
LyondellBasell,
Dow ACCIDENT
Chemical PAGE
and
ExxonMobil Chemical.
26

The fire occurred at an NGL storage area away from the main part of the
Mont Belvieu complex, which houses Enterprises NGL and propylene
fractionators, among other processing facilities.
Enterprise operates four NGL fractionators at the site with a nameplate
capacity of 305,000 bbls per day. The company says that its main facilities at
Mont Belvieu were not damaged and the NGL fractionators, propylene
fractionators, butane isomerization units, octane enhancement facility and
additional storage facilities at the site remain operational. The complex is
among the worlds largest NGL underground storage facilities.
*****
Fire at pharma company
A fire broke out at a pharmaceutical company in Kovur near Madambakkam
in Tamil Nadu after a boiler blew up.
Fire department sources said at least two were injured and one of them is
critical.
The boiler used for making medicines exploded. The cause is not known.
*****
Fire in Dr Reddys lab claims 2 lives
Two labourers were burnt to death in a fire at one of the Dr Reddys
Laboratories (DRL) plant near Hyderabad. The fire broke out in a lift in the
unit-II of the plant at Bollarum plant, about 30 kms from Hyderabad.
This is the second fire incident at the pharma plant in the past three months.
Two DRL employees were killed in the first mishap December 2010.
In its statement, Dr Reddys said the incidence of fire happened in the
material-handling lift area at G-Block in its chemical manufacturing facility at
Bollarum.
Earlier in December, a suspected nitrogen gas leak had claimed the lives of
two workers in one of its manufacturing facility which was an USFDAinspected unit of the company. A case under Section 304 (negligence leading
to death) of Criminal Procedure Code has been registered against the
management of Dr Reddys laboratory. Similarly, in the year 2006, there was
a fire in DRLs Pydibheemavaram plant, near Visakhapatnam plant, though
no casualities were reported.
*****
27
PLANT CLOSURES
Eastman to sell shuttered methanol and ammonia Plant
at Beaumont, TX,USA
Eastman Chemical has agreed to sell a shuttered methanol and ammonia plant at
Beaumont, TX to Pandora Methanol (Basel, Switzerland). The sale includes related
ammonia tank and methanol terminal assets and a methanol pipeline at Beaumont. The
deal is expected to close by the end of the first quarter.
The plant is expected to have the capacity to produce about 850,000 tonnes per yearof
methanol and about 250,000 tonnes per year of ammonia. Testing is expected to begin
in April, with production slated to come onstream in July, Janus says.
Eastman purchased the site in 2007 from Terra Industries with the intention of using it
for a $1.6-billion industrial gasification project, but the project was scrapped in 2009 due
to high capital costs, the reduced spread between natural gas and oil and petroleum
coke prices, and uncertainty around U.S. energy and environmental policy.
Pandora Methanol is a subsidiary of Janus Methanol (Basel), a newly formed project
development company led by former Methanex executive Deo van Wijk. Janus currently
is studying the feasibility of converting methanol to premium gasoline and is planning
projects worldwide to make methanol, ammonia and other petrochemicals.
*****
Huntsman Suffers Outage
Hunstman Chemicals complex at Port Neches, TX, USA, went offline during the first
week of February due to a power failure. The cracker has the capacity to produce about
425 million lbs per year of ethylene and about 353 million lbs per year of propylene.
*****
Schulman shuts sites
A. Schulman will close a plant in Italy, and consolidate operations in Australia in a move
aimed at reducing costs.
Schulman will transfer specialty powders production from Verolanuova, Italy to Gorla
Maggiore, Italy by early 2012. The company will also move production from its Breaside,
Australia specialty powders plant to other facilities in the region.
*****
Dow will close VCM units
Dow will close two vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) production lines this year in an effort
to right-size Dows basic chemicals manufacturing and shift feedstocks toward highervalue performance businesses.
Dow will shut down a production unit at its Freeport, TX VCM facility in first quarter of
2011.
28
PLANT CLOSURES
A second VCM unit at the companys Plaquemine, LA complex will cease operations in
the third quarter.
Dow announced the closure of the Plaquemine unit in 2009.
The facility has a total nameplate capacity to produce about 1.6 billion lbs per year of
VCM, while the Freeport plant has the capacity to produce about 2.2 billion lbs per year
of VCM. Dow did not specify the capacities of the units slated for closure.
The company may be shutting down some VCM units in response to Shintecha Dow
VCM customerstarting up its own VCM capacity at Plaquemine, LA.
Shintech announced last year it will build a $1.1-billion VCM plant at its Plaquemine
integrated vinyls complex, with the capacity to produce about 800,000 tonnes per year
of VCM, bringing the complexs total production capability to about 1.6 million tonnes
per year. Construction is expected to be complete by year-end. Shintechs supply
agreement with Dow will expire this year, but Shintech has not specified whether the
new VCM plant is connected to the expiration of its partnership with Dow.
*****
Fatty acid unit of Croda closed
UK-based producer Croda permanently shut down its Bromborough plant, in the UK, in
December 2009. The plant had capacity to produce 55,000 tonnes per year of fatty acid,
17,000 tonnes per year of refined glycerin and 24,000 tonnes per year of esters.
*****
Yara and BASF halt production in Libya
Yara has halted production at its Lifeco fertilizer joint venture in Libya due to violent
unrest that has spread across the country. The company says that the move is a
precautionary measure.
The plant is located at Marsa El Brega, about 700 km east of the Libyan capital Tripoli.
Yara owns 50% of Lifeco, and National Oil Corp. (NOC; Tripoli) and Libyan Investment
Authority (Tripoli) each have 25%. The jv has capacity to produce 900,000 tonnes per
year of urea, and it sells about 150,000 tonnes per year of ammonia in merchant
markets. Yara handles all of the jvs exports.
NOC has also halted production at its 660,000- tonnes per year methanol plant at Marsa
El Brega.
Meanwhile, Wintershall, the energy subsidiary of BASF, halted oil and gas production at
its fields in Libya and started evacuating staff. Libya accounted for about 14% of
Wintershalls exploration and production reserves in 2009.
*****
29
SEAWEED FERTILIZER
A NEW TYPE OF ORGANIC FERTILISER
Seaweed fertilizer, made from natural seaweed is a new type of organic
fertilizer.
Sometimes, a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other
trace elements can also be added in seaweed fertilizer, which is called the
fourth generation fertilizer after organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer.
Seaweed fertilizer contains the essence extracted from natural seaweed and
to a great extent retains such natural bioactive ingredients like auxin,
gibberellin, cytokinins, polyphenols as well as antibiotics.
Seaweed fertilizer can help crops grow better by enhancing their vitality and
resistance to worms, drought and low temperature. Seaweed fertilizer is also
harmless to the environment, making it a natural, efficient and new type of
green organic fertilizer.
The core of seaweed fertilizer is natural seaweed extract. Through special
biochemical processes, natural active ingredients are retained in the extract,
which contains a large amount of non-nitrogen organic compounds, and 40plus mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and
iodine as well as rich vitamins. Particularly, the extract contains algal
polysaccharides, sodium alginate, highly unsaturated fatty acids and a
number of natural plant growth regulators, which are of very high biological
activity.
Process
The activity of seaweed fertilizer largely depends on how the natural active
ingredients are extracted.
Currently, the best method is enzymatic hydrolysis extraction, followed by
physical method, while the last choice is chemical extraction based on strong
acid or alkali.
At present, most manufacturers are using chemical extraction, a method that
will damage the activity of the endogenous substances of seaweed. Using
physical purification processes such as cell disruption, the activity can be
preserved to the maximum degree.
30
SEAWEED FERTILIZER - A NEW TYPE OF ORGANIC FERTILISER

Projects in China
China Ocean University Organism
China Ocean University Organism Project Development Co., Ltd., which was
established in 2000, is the largest seaweed fertilizer producer in China. The
company has developed a new generation of seaweed fertilizer that combines
the ingredients of seaweed with a variety of microbial strains featuring special
functions.
China Ocean University Organism built a 140 000 m2 production base at the
Jiaozhou Bay industrial park in 2006, where it built 100 000 tonnes per annum
automated production line. At present, China Ocean University Organism holds
six patented technology and has more than 100 products out of five major
groups including compound seaweed fertilizer, water flush fertilizer, bacterial
fertilizer, foliar fertilizer and special function fertilizer.
Leili Agrochemistry Co., Ltd
Beijings Leili Agrochemistry Co., Ltd., started studying seaweed fertilizer in
1994. With special extraction methods, the company can make highly
concentrated liquid fertilizer with dozens of nutrients in each one 1 milliliter of
the liquid. That contains 20% to 45% of soluble active ingredient content.
Zhejiang Dongyang Lianfeng Biological Technology Co., Ltd
Zhejiang Dongyang Lianfeng Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Has developed its
Lilijia natural marine seaweed fertilizer. This product uses seaweed (brown
algae) as key feedstock and lichens (algae strains) and pollen as supplementary
materials. It is refined and extracted following a two-stage fermentation process
with specially selected micro-organisms. This product contains a large number
of highly reactive substances required during plant growth and metabolism such
as alginic acid, humic acid, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and vitamins, as well as
more than 40 minerals including copper, molybdenum, zinc, boron, potassium,
calcium, magnesium, iron and iodine.
Particularly, it contains seaweed polysaccharides, mannitol and highly
unsaturated fatty acids, which can especially be found in seaweed, as well as a
variety of natural plant growth regulators such as gibberellin, cell kinetin, auxin,
abscisic acid and betaine, making it a multifunctional nutritious marine product.
Yanti Swide Biological Technology Co., Ltd
Shandong province-based Yanti Swide Biological Technology Co., Ltd. produces
seaweed fertilizer in various forms of liquid, paste, and powder, as well ass
particles, which feature stable quality and effect.
31
BIO SUCCINIC ACID INDUSTRY STATUS

Succinic acid can be used as a feedstock for making high-volume chemicals such as
1,4-butanediol (BDO). The high cost of producing it from petroleum-based
feedstocks has kept the market for succinic acid relatively small at about 50,000
tonnes per year. The demand is likely to triple in the next five years, as the scale-up
of lower-cost, biobased routes opens up new applications.
Succinic acid has potential market total of about 8 billion lbs per year.
Both BioAmber (Minneapolis) and Myriant Technologies (Quincy, MA) will move forward
with their respective commercial-scale biosuccinic acid projects in North America.
BioAmber
.
BioAmber will begin construction this year on a commercial-scale, biosuccinic acid
production plant in North America, The sites capacity, will likely be about 10 times the
size of the companys 2,000 tonnes per year demonstration scale unit at Pomacle,
France. Start-up is expected by 2013. The company is also in talks for a biosuccinic acid
plant in Southeast Asia.
BioAmber says its first target markets will be in applications where it has strong
intellectual property, such as deicing. The company is also advancing a platform based
on polybutylene succinate plastic (PBS), having acquired PBS-producer Sinoven
Polymers (Philadelphia) last year. Separately, BioAmber signed an exclusive licensing
deal with Cargill for an organism that could dramatically increase output and reduce its
biosuccinic acid production costs by 25%.
Myriant
Myriant announced that it will soon begin building $80 million biosuccinic acid plant at
Lake Providence, LA. The site is expected to start up in early 2012, with an initial
capacity of 30 million lbs per year, eventually scaling up to 170 million lbs per year. The
company received over $50 million in state and federal grants for the project.
BASF / Purac
BASF and Purac, the lactic acid subsidiary of food ingredients firm CSM (Amsterdam), in
2009 formed a partnership to produce succinic acid from renewable raw materials.
DuPont
DuPont licensed certain technologies related to the processing of biobased succinic acid
derivatives to Bioamber, a deal that gives DuPont the right of first refusal to source
product from any future commercial plants using the technology. DSM and Roquette
Frres (Lestrem, France) formed an equally owned joint venture, Reverdia, for the
production, commercialization and market development of biosuccinic acid.
*****
32

Alternate name: L-Ascorbic acid
L-3-Ketothreohexuronic
acid lactone
Application sectors
*
*
Pharmaceutical
Health care products
CAS No
50-81-7
Molecular formula: C6H8O6
Appearance
White mono clinic
crystalline solid
Odour
Odourless
*
*
Soft drinks
Animal feed additive
Application details
Vitamin C deficiency results in decrease in plasma level, loss of weight,
lowered blood pressure, loss of development and maintenance of intercellular
substances.
Vitamin C plays a significant role in metabolic synthesis cortical hormones.
Vitamin C is used as an anti scorbutic and is used in the prevention and
treatment of scurvy.It is used in the treatment of hay fever, for relief of heat
cramps and in the treatment of idiopathic methemoglobinemia (less effective
than methylene blue)
Vitamin C is used in the manufacture of various anti tussive syrups such as
neogadine exlixir, sanvitone, autrin etc. It is a co-enzyme in the synthesis of
phenyl alanine and tyrosine in the human body.
It is used in the manufacture of bulk drug refampicin which is an anti TB
drug.
Indian manufacturers
Indian producers of vitamin C include the following
*
*
*
*
Reckon Pharmachem P. Ltd **, Gujarat

Bajaj Limited, Gujarat
SR Biochem, Himachal Pradesh
Amoli Organics, Gujarat
**
Reckon plans to increase its capacity to 1000 tonnes per annum in
future.
33

Indian production
Indian production of vitamin C
2000 tonnes
Indian demand for vitamin C

Vitamin C is formulated as tablets, capsules, injections and syrups.
It is also used in nutraceutical products
Indian demand for vitamin C
3000 tonnes
Growth rate in demand
9 to 10% per annum
Sample of consumers
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Abbott Labs, Mumbai

Pfizer Ltd., Mumbai
Apex Laboratories
Tablets India, Chennai
Glaxo Smithline Pharma, Mumbai
Heinz India Ltd. Aligarh
Meyer Organics Ltd. Thane
Hindustan Unilever Ltd.
Parle Agro Pvt Ltd.
Rasana International Ltd.
Allanasons Ltd.
Piramal Healthcare Ltd.
Cipla Ltd.
Mother Dairy Fruit & Vegetable Pvt. Ltd.
Raptakos, Brett & Co. Ltd.
Dharampal Satyapal Ltd.
Hamdard Ltd.
Dabour India Ltd.
Anglo French Drugs & Industries Ltd.
Import / export of Vitamin C and its derivatives

In tonnes
Period (April to March)
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
April 2010 to June 2010
Import
641
438
994
722
361
Export
16
16
50
43
8
34

Indian price March 2011
Basic price
Plain
Coated
Rs. 445 per kg

Rs. 465 per kg
Global scenario
Global demand for vitamin C Period 2010
Around 120,000 tonnes
Global sales of Vitamin C:
Over US$1020 million
Growth rate in demand for Vitamin C: 3% per annum

Vitamin C represents more than 50% of the total production and sales of
vitamins in the global market.
International producers of Vitamin C
Major international producers include the following
Name of the organization
Netherlands
China
Annual installed
capacity in tonnes
20000
22000
China
27000
China
25000
China
20000
China
25000
China
27000
Location
Royal DSM N.V,

Northeast Pharmaceutical Group (NEPG),
North China Pharmaceutical Corporation (NCPC
Weisheng, )
Hebei Welcome Pharmaceutical
(A joint venture company of NCPC North China
Pharmaceutical Corporation amd Hong Kong
Triplewell International Co. Ltd )
Aland (Jiangsu) Nutraceutical Co., Ltd. (Aland)
Shandong Luwei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd (Formerly
Shandong Hualong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
CSPC Weisheng Pharmaceutical (Shijiazhuang)
Company
Scenario in China
China holds around 80% of world production of vitamin C.
Demand for vitamin C in China
20000 tonnes per annum
Export of vitamin C from China

Period
2006
2007
2008
2009
Quantity in tonnes
69 790
72 505
89 130
82 120
35

China's export volume in the first six months of 2010 was 57 475 tonnes.
Process outline
The manufacture of vitamin C is now carried out in two ways.
*
*
Traditional Reichstein process

Newer two-stage fermentation
In the first step of both the traditional Reichstein process and the newer twostage fermentation process, sorbitol is oxidized into sorbose by fermentation
by using microorganism called Acetobacter suboxydants
Reichstein process
The Reichstein process is a mixed fermentation/chemical synthesis method.
It was first used in 1933 and is still employed by Roche, BASF and Takeda.
In this process, sorbose is transformed into di-acetoneketogulonic acid
(DAKS) in a two-stage chemical process. The first step involves
A reaction with acetone. This produces di-acetone sorbose, which is then
oxidized using chlorine and sodium hydroxide to produce DAKS.
In the next step, DAKS is dissolved in a mix of organic solvents and its
structure is rearranged to form vitamin C, using an acid catalyst.
In the last production
recrystallization.
step,
the
crude
vitamin
is
purified
by
Various stages of the Reichstein process use considerable quantities of

organic and inorganic solvents and reagents. These include acetone,
sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide. Although some of these compounds can
be recycled, stringent environmental control is required, resulting in
significant waste disposal costs.
Two-stage fermentation process
The two stage fermentation processes was developed in China and is used by
all Chinese producers.
The use of the process has also been licensed to a number of Western
manufacturers, including Roche and a joint venture involving BASF and
Merck.
36

It has lower fixed and capital costs, resulting in an overall production cost
saving of about a third compared with the Reichstein method.
In the two-stage fermentation process, a second fermentation step replaces
the chemical reactions used to produce DAKS in the Reichstein method. This
fermentation results in a different intermediate product, 2-keto-l-gulonic acid
(KGA).
Two chemical steps similar to the final stages of the Reichstein process then
complete the synthesis of vitamin C.
Process flow for production of vitamin C
Sorbitol
Fermentation
Sorbose
Fermentation
2-Keto-l-gluconic acid
Raw vitamin C
Purified Vitamin C
Source:
BASF
Indian producers process adopted

In India, the important raw material for producing vitamin C, 2-Keto-Lgulonic acid is imported by the producers and the same is converted as
vitamin C.
37

Prognosis
The demand for Vitamin C is likely to go up steadily in the coming years, in
view of the expected growth of the healthcare facilities in India.
The quality and cost competitiveness of the product are vital factors, for a
new project, since the product has to compete with the imported product, in
condition where there is no particular constraint for the imports.
Import of 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid
In tonnes
Country
China
Japan
Total
April 2006 to
March 2007
1,480
1,480
April 2007 to
March 2008
1,842
18
1,860
April 2008 to
March 2009
1,470
1,470
April 2009 to
March 2010
2,306
2,306
Sample of Individual imports

2-Keto-L-gulonic acid
Country
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
Quantity
in tonnes
80.000
20.000
40.000
15.000
20.000
40.000
40.000
60.000
120.000
20.000
40.000
20.000
20.000
10.000
40.000
60.000
60.000
20.000
40.000
65.000
20.000
20.000
20.000
Value in Rs.
22501184
4000610
6683372
2897665
4240485
7423676
8567143
12697720
24914741
4081410
8480263
4185248
3793560
1492093
5535810
7062930
5803056
2763360
4513488
5895370
2796690
2330575
2796690
Rate in
Rs.
281.30
200.30
167.10
193.20
212.00
185.60
214.20
211.60
207.60
204.10
212.00
209.30
189.70
149.20
138.40
117.70
96.70
138.20
112.80
90.70
139.80
116.50
139.80
Period
07.01.2010 to 08.01.2010
02.02.2010 to 03.02.2010
09.02.2010 to 10.02.2010
04.03.2010 to 05.03.2010
06.03.2010 to 08.03.2010
11.03.2010 to 12.03.2010
01.04.2010 to 05.04.2010
01.05.2010 to 04.05.2010
05.05.2010 to 06.05.2010
01.05.2010
12.05.2010 to 13.05.2010
03.06.2010 to 05.06.2010
09.07.2010 to 10.07.2010
06.08.2010 to 10.08.2010
03.09.2010 to 04.09.2010
08.09.2010
01.10.2010 to 02.10.2010
03.10.2010 to 04.10.2010
06.10.2010 to 07.10.2010
03.11.2010 to 08.11.2010
01.12.2010 to 03.12.2010
04.12.2010 to 06.12.2010
09.12.2010 to 10.12.2010
Port
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
38
2-ETHYL HEXANOL (OCTANOL)

INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY
Appearance : Transparent liquid

CAS No.
104-76-7
Molecular Formula : C8H18O
Application
Application sector
*
*
*
Plasticizer
2-Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate
Octanoic acid
*
*
*
Defoamer
Plasticiser
Miscellaneous sectors
Octanol is used in the manufacture of plasticizers such as dioctyl phthalate,

dioctyl sebacate etc, which are used as plasticizers in the production of PVC
products to impart flexibility to the product and thus make it suitable for
casting and moulding.
Octanol is also used in the manufacture of 2-Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate.
2-Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate produces soft and tacky film with excellent low
temperature flexibilities. It is used as a co-monomer with vinyl acrylates and
other acrylates, to manufacture water based resins for paints, textiles and
paper coatings, leather finishing resins and pressure sensitive adhesives. It is
also used as a co-monomer in solvent polymers for industrial metal finishing.
Octanol is used as defoamer liquid in Natural Gas wells.
The other minor uses of octanol are in pesticides, surface active in the
manufacture of octanoic acid, which is used, in the form of its metal salts, in
the manufacture of odourless paint driers.
39
2-ETHYL HEXANOL (OCTANOL) INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY

CIF Price trend of imported product in India
Price in Rs per tonnes
160,000
120,000
80,000
40,000
0
Price
2006 to 2007
2007 to 2008
122,251
113707
2008 to 2009
2009 to 2010
144334
106,979
Period
Indian manufacturer
Installed capacity
isobutanol)
for
oxo
alcohol
(including octanol, n-butanol

39,000 metric tonnes per annum
and
Indian producer of oxo alcohol

*
The Andhra Petrochemicals Ltd., Andhra Pradesh

Period
April 2007 to March 2008
Production in tonnes
42408
36747
24192
Expansion plan
The company is planning to expand the capacity to 84000 tonnes per annum.
Technology for the project would be provided by Davy Process Technology
Ltd, London (Davy), London with project cost of Rs.320 crores.
The expanded plant will have the capacity to produce 55,200 tonnes per year
of 2-ethyl hexanol, 26,000 tonnes per year of standard butanol and 2,800
tonnes per year of iso-butanol.
The project is under the planning stage.
40

Indian import of 2-ethyl hexanol
Country of origin
Belgium
Brazil
Ethiopia
France
Germany
Greece
Indonesia
Iran
Japan
Malaysia
Netherland
Oman
Poland
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Singapore
Spain
Sweden
UK
USA
Unspecified
Total
April 2006 to
March 2007
240.00
936.23
538.00
329.00
141.20
0.22
352.85
3,760.00
103.00
987.60
16.01
1,478.00
8,882.11
April 2007 to
March 2008
19.24
15.94
25.60
14.62
10,553.02
0.42
0.03
10,628.87
April 2008 to
March 2009
103.00
479.00
19.00
5,325.90
3,071.32
298.96
966.28
1.80
2,301.00
7,484.00
0.21
0.02
1,154.86
21,205.35
April 2009 to
March 2010
1,283.80
30.00
10,989.66
126.00
88.44
204.00
2,908.50
3,700.98
14,515.66
2.64
117.15
420.00
4,210.56
38,597.39
April 2010 to June 2010: 6,720.13 tonnes

Demand supply scenario
PVC is the important user industry for phthalate plasticisers. The demand
for phthalate plasticisers would largely move in tune with the performance
and growth of the PVC industry.
Indian demand
Indian demand for octanol
Around 60,000 tonnes per annum
AAGR in demand
7%
41

Global scenario
Global producers
Important producers include the following
Name of the producer
BASF
Sunoco,
Dow Chemical
Eastman,
Oxea
Oxochimie
Oxeno
Perstrop Oxo
Salavat Nefteorgsintez
Sasol
Sibur Khimprom
Texmark Chemicals
Unipetrol
Zaklady Azotowe Kedzierzyn
BASF Petronas
Celanese
Lukoil Neftochim
Neste Oxo
Oltchim
Solventul
Al-Jubail Fertilizer Co.,
Petro oxo
Nan Ya Plastics
Oltchim
LG Chemicals
Hanwha
Linhuyai Group
Tianjin Bohai Chemical
PetroChina Sichuan Petrochemical
Jilin Chemical
Formosa Plastics
Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical Co., Ltd
PetroChina Jilin Petrochemical Co., Ltd
PetroChina Daqing Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
Sinopec Beijing Dongfang Petrochemical Co Ltd
BASF-YPC Co., Ltd.
Ji'an Biochemical Co., Ltd.,
Golden Yimeng Group Corporation
Jilin Cathay Biotech Co., Ltd
Guangxi Jinyuan Biochemical Co., Ltd
Location
Ludwigshafen, Germany
Tarragona, Spain
Freeport, Texas, USA
Pasadena, Texas, USA
Texas City, USA
Taft, Louisiana, USA
Longview, Texas, USA
Bay city, Texas, USA
Lavera, France
Marl, Germany
Stenungsund, Sweden
Salavat, Russia
Brunsbuttel, Germany
Lake Charles, Louisiana
Perm, Russia
Houston, Texas, USA
Litvinov, Czech Republic
Kedzierzyn kozle, Poland
Kuantan, Malaysia
Oberhausen, Germany
Jurong, Singapore
Burgas, Bulgaria
Stenungsund, Sweden
Rimnicu cilcea, Romania
Timisora, Romania
Saudi Arabia
Nusantara, Gresik Indonesia
Mailiao, Taiwan
Rimnicu Vilcea, Romania
Yosu, South Africa
Yosu, Soth Korea
Dongying, Shandong, China
Lingang, Tanjin, China
Chengdu, Sichuan, China
China
Mailiao, Taiwan
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
China
42

New projects
With the exception of China, where a few new plants are scheduled to come
on stream by the end of 2010, no new projects have been announced in
other regions in the world.
Global installed capacity
In million tonnes per annum
Period
2013
Global demand
Capacity
3.86
Around 3 million tonnes per annum
Pattern of demand
Others
18%
2-ethyl hexyl
acrylate
12%
DOP
70%
Growth rate through 2015
2% per annum
In Europe, DOP and some other phthalate plasticisers have been banned in
childrens articles or childrens articles that can be put in their mouths.
As a result, producers have been developing alternative plasticisers.
For example, BASF has switched from 2-EH to 2-propylheptanol (2-PH) to
make a plasticiser called di-isononyl-cyclohexane dicarboxylate (DINCH) for
use in sensitive applications where exposure to toxicological and exposure
issues are of concern.
DINCH has received approval from the European Food Safety Authority
(EFSA) for use in food contact applications such as cling film, tubes and
sealants. Citrates, or citric acid esters, are also being used as plasticisers for
PVC products.
43

Process outline
Octanol is produced from propylene
The conventional method, mostly adopted all over the world, for the
production of n-butanol and octanol is with propylene as the starting
material.
This is the preferred technology in many countries, starting with natural gas
as feed stock, which is converted into oxo synthesis gas and pure hydrogen.
The propylene feed stock with the synthesis gas would be converted to
butyraldehyde.
Butyraldehyde would then be hydrogenated to butanol or can be condensed
to a C6 aldehyde before hydrogenation to Octanol.
Today, nearly all 2-Ethylhexanol is produced by catalytic hydroformylation of
propylene with synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen). The catalytic
process now mostly uses rhodium catalysts rather than the older cobalt
hydrocarbonyl catalysts.
Davy Process Technology (formerly Kvaerner) and Dow (Union Carbide)
jointly have led the development of newer catalytic technologies and have
developed a phosphite ligand modified rhodium catalyst. The two companies
have also dominated the licensing of 2-EH process technology.
Shell has developed and operates a one-step process that converts propylene
directly to butanol, iso-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol.
Prognosis
The demand for oxo alcohols would go up steadily in India in the coming
years.
Considering the growth in demand for oxo alcohols, strong case exists for
capacity creation. Firm supply source for propylene for the project is
important.
NANDINI CHEMICAL JOURNAL

IS NOW CONSIDERED AS
THE BEST JOURNAL
OF ITS KIND IN INDIA
44

Appearance:
White, crystalline solid
Odour
Mint-like odour
Formula:.
C5H12O2
CAS Registry Number:
126-30-7
Product specification
Description
Assay, % by weight, minimum
Water, % by weight, maximum
Color, APHA, in 50% aqueous
solution, max.
Acid number, mg KOH/g,
maximum
Value
99.0
10 0.5
15
Test Method
G.C.
ASTM D 1364
ASTM D 1209
0.1
ASTM D 1613
Applications
Neopentyl glycol is used in the manufacture of resins for coatings, especially
gel coats and powder coatings. It is also converted to alkyd, polyester and
polyurethane resins for water- and solvent-based coatings, including highsolid systems in automotive coatings and in coil coatings.
The quaternary structure of neopentyl glycol allows it to provide superior
hydrolytic stability, weatherability and a good balance between hardness and
flexibility in the following applications:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Polyester/alkyd resin coatings

Polyesterols
Polyester plasticizers
Reinforced resins
Synthetic lubricants
Flame retarding compounds
Binders and adhesives
Gel coats
Storage & Handling

Neopentyl glycol slurry should be maintained at about 50 deg.C to avoid the
formation of neopentyl glycol crystals.
The storage tank and transfer lines should be made of 304 or 316 stainless
steel.
45

It has an almost unlimited shelf life, when properly stored in a protected
storage area.
It is neither explosive nor spontaneously flammable. However, it is
combustible.
Indian scenario
There is no producer in India, The Indian requirement is met by imports.
Sample of consumers in India
*
*
*
*
Mechemco Industries, Mumbai

Ran Chemicals P. Ltd, Nagpur
Mar Pol Pvt Ltd., Goa
Divis Laboratories, Hyderabad
Imports
Quantity in kgs
Country
China
Germany
Japan
Korea N.
Korea S.
Singapore
Sweden
UAE
U.S.
Total
April 2007 to
March 2008
12,800
211,560
134
263,746.50
174,000.
1,192,112
610,018
2,239,876.5
April 2008 to
March 2009
216,250
218,440
171,253
301,105
180,000
752,064
268,010
2,107,122
April 2009 to
March 2010
442,025
521,915
83,293
16
160,720
1,754,176
241,750
3,203,895
April 2010 to
February 2011
16,000
173,058
260,447
240,560
16,000
1,736,064
900
666,052
3,109,081
Sample of Individual imports

Country
Value in Rs.
Rate
Sweden
Germany
Sweden
Sweden
USA
Sweden
Sweden
Sweden
Quantity in
tonnes
64.000
16.000
5.000
16.000
36.000
16.000
26.000
64.000
4410232
1091931
347112
1093103
2408596
1111950
1861102
4450464
68.90
68.25
69.40
68.30
66.90
69.50
71.60
69.50
01.01.2010
02.02.2010
04.02.2010
04.03.2010
04.03.2010
06.03.2010
11.03.2010
01.04.2010
04.01.2010
03.02.2010
05.02.2010
05.03.2010
05.03.2010
08.03.2010
12.03.2010
05.04.2010
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
USA
Sweden
36.000
16.000
2870550
1357035
79.70
84.80
01.04.2010 to 05.04.2010
06.04.2010
JNPT
JNPT
Period
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
Port
46

Country
Korea S
Sweden
USA
Sweden
Sweden
Sweden
Sweden
Korea S
USA
Korea S
Sweden
Korea S
Sweden
Japan
Japan
Sweden
UAE
Japan
Sweden
Korea S
Sweden
Sweden
USA
Japan
Japan
Japan
Korea S
Sweden
USA
Japan
Sweden
Japan
Korea S
Sweden
Sweden
USA
Quantity in
tonnes
32.000
16.000
18.000
64.000
48.000
16.000
46.000
32.000
30.000
32.000
16.000
8.000
16.000
17.000
85.000
16.000
0.900
15.000
32.000
32.000
32.000
7.000
18.000
17.000
17.000
15.000
16.000
16.000
18.000
32.000
32.000
32.000
16.000
64.000
26.000
54.000
Value in Rs.
Rate
Period
Port
2373581
897510
1484170
4365840
3372515
1036134
1585175
3317269
2693004
3247288
1669166
818738
1683388
1625999
8112825
1679832
187285
1453150
3054240
3023698
3092418
734927
1522059
1565904
1565904
1444546
1584326
1547482
1616566
3029314
2974894
2953354
1487447
5793788
2386508
5034042
74.20
56.10
82.50
68.20
70.30
64.80
99.10
103.70
89.80
101.50
104.30
102.30
105.20
95.65
95.50
105.00
208.10
96.90
95.45
94.50
96.60
105.00
84.60
92.10
92.10
96.30
99.00
96.70
89.80
94.70
93.00
92.30
93.00
90.50
91.80
93.20
07.04.2010
07.04.2010
07.04.2010
05.05.2010 to 06.05.2010
10.05.2010
11.05.2010
10.06.2010 to 02.06.2010
06.06.2010 to 08.06.2010
01.07.2010 to 05.07.2010
09.07.2010 to 10.07.2010
09.07.2010 to 10.07.2010
01.08.2010 to 30.08.2010
01.08.2010 to 30.08.2010
06.08.2010 to 10.08.2010
01.09.2010 to 02.09.2010
01.09.2010 to 02.09.2010
01.09.2010 to 02.09.2010
03.09.2010 to 04.09.2010
03.09.2010 to 04.09.2010
05.09.2010 to 07.09.2010
05.09.2010 to 07.09.2010
08.09.2010
01.10.2010 to 01.10.2010
03.10.2010 to 04.10.2010
53.10.2010
06.10.2010 to 07.10.2010
06.10.2010 to 07.10.2010
06.10.2010 to 07.10.2010
06.10.2010 to 07.10.2010
01.11.2010 to 02.11.2010
01.11.2010 to 02.11.2010
03.11.2010 to 08.11.2010
03.11.2010 to 08.11.2010
09.11.2010
01.12.2010 to 03.12.2010
07.12.2010 to 08.12.2010
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
JNPT
47

Important global producers
'000 tonne per year
Company
Location
Eastman Chemical
BASF
BASF
LG Chemical
Perstorp
Celanese (now part of Oxea)
Mitsubishi Gas
BASF JCIC
Eastman Chemical
Polioli
Zibo Linzi Yonglien Chemical Industry
Shandong Dongchen Group
Shandong Guanghe
Koei-Perstorp Chemical
Longview, Texas, US
Freeport, Texas, US
Ludwigshafen, Germany
Yeochun, South Korea
Sweden
Oberhausen, Germany
Mizushima, Japan
Jilin, China
Pulau Seraya, Singapore
Vercelli, Italy
Zibo, China
Dongying, China
Dongying, China
Chiba, Japan
China
China
China
China
Zibo Shaohua Industrial Co

Plastic Products Experimental Factory
Shandong Weifang Shanhe Chemical Co.
Shandong Feicheng Lutai Science &
Technology Co
Jingmen Longsen Chemical Co
China
Perstorp
Perstorp acquired a neopentyl glycol production plant in Zinbo, Shandong
province of eastern China,through its joint venture company Shandong
Fufeng Perstorp Chemical Co Ltd.
The neopentyl glycol plant Zibo Linzi Yongliu Chemical Industry Stock Co Ltd
is the second largest neopentyl glycol producer in China, with a neopentyl
glycol capacity of 20,000 tonnes per annum. The plant has been in operation
since 1990s in Linzi, Zibom where Perstorp already has a production facility
for TMP (trimethylolpropane). Perstorp holds a 51% stake in the TMP joint
venture plant. Zibo Fufeng Tongsheng Chemical Co Ltd that produces
15000 tonnes of TMP per year.
Perstorp signed the acquisition agreement through the companys Shandong
Fufeng Perstorp Chemical Co. joint venture and the takeover was effective at
the end of 2007.
48

BASF Corp
BASF Corp., OH, USA operated by a 50-50 jv with Akzo Nobel has a neopentyl
glycol unit at Freeport.
BASF JCIC Neopentylglycol, a 60-40 joint venture between BASF and Jilin
Chemical Industrial (Jilin, China), increased neopentylglycol (NPG) capacity by
10,000 tonnes per year at Jilin.
BASF added 10,000 tonnes per year neopentylglycol capacity at Ludwigshafen.
The expansion was completed in 2008 and raised the companys global NPG
capacity to 155,000 tonnes per year.
Oxea, Germany
Oxea (Oberhausen, Germany), a producer of oxo intermediates and derivatives,
will increase neopentyl glycol (NPG) capacity at Oberhausen to 45,000 tonnes
per year by the middle of 2011 .
The company started a step-wise expansion of its NPG capacity in Europe in
2008.
LG Chem, Seoul
LG Chem (Seoul), Asia's largest producer of neopentyl glycol (NPG), has
announced plans to expand capacity by 35,000 tonnes per year to 100,000
tonnes per year at its Yeosu, Korea complex.
The project, due for completion in the second half of 2011, will reinforce its
position as Asia's leading producer and one of the leading global player in
neopentyl glycol.
Global demand : Around 0.5 million tonnes per annum

Global use pattern
Use
Coatings
Automotive parts/insulation
Construction insulation
Furniture/footwear
Plasticisers
Electronic products
Automotive/constructionadhesives
Lubricants
Fibres
Pharmaceuticals
Others (more than 20 applications)
%
42.0
10.5
9.5
6.3
5.3
5.2
4.2
3.2
2.1
2.1
9.6
49

Demand driver
As environmental protection laws and regulations are getting stricter, the
application of solvent-borne coatings is restricted and the application of
resins for powder coatings and high solid component coatings is highly
acclaimed. With the expanded application and growing consumption of
powder coatings and high solid component coatings produced from saturated
polyester resins, the market demand for neopentyl glycol has grown rapidly.
Global demand growth
There is growing demand for intermediates, particularly those used in coating
applications.
Powder coatings based on NPG show improved impact and scratch
resistance, and high gloss. Synthetic lubricants made from NPG provide good
lubricity and reduced corrosivity. Both of these uses will grow.
Global demand growth is forecast at 3.1% per year.
Process technology
There are two main process routes to produce neopentyl glycol using
isobutyraldehyde and formaldehyde.
In one process route, the raw materials react with a strongly alkaline catalyst
to form NPG. But, large amounts of formate salts are formed as byproduct
and the process is only economically viable when a profitable use is found for
the formate.
In a second and more common process, the aldolisation reaction is carried
out in the presence of an amine catalyst. This is further hydrogenated in the
presence of a catalyst and the molten NPG is solidified by means of a flaking
roll, or a crystallising or cooling belt.
Hydrogenation
Isobutyraldehyde + Formaldehyde
Hydroxypivaldehyde
Neopentyl glycol
Catalyst

IS NOW CONSIDERED AS
THE BEST JOURNAL
OF ITS KIND IN INDIA
50
NEWS ROUND UP INTERNATIONAL

Fatty acid
With Croda and Germany-based Cognis divesting most of their oleochemical
assets, Oleon now claims to be the largest oleochemical company in Europe,
with a total capacity of 500,000 tonnes per year of fatty acids, esters and
dimers production. Cognis itself was acquired by German chemical company
BASF last year. Cognis sold most of its global base oleochemicals business in
2008, which is now known as Emery Oleochemicals, with headquarters in
Malaysia.
There are about 25 other small family-owned companies left next to Oleon,
KLK, Emery and Croda.
Global Fatty Acid/ Detergent Alcohol Capacity (Operating Basis-2010)
Country/region
Fatty acid 000 tonnes per
Detergent alcohol
year
000 tonnes per year
China
1,300
480
Europe
1,250
720
India
325
125
Indonesia
1,000
290
Malaysia
2,250
460
Others
710
200
Rest of Asia
200
497
USA
1,000
635
Total
8,035
3407
Includes synthetic alcohol capacity Excludes Mothballed capacity
*****
Fibers
Lenzing will invest 285 million ($381 million) to expand fibers capacity in
Asia, Europe, and the U.S.
The investments will increase Lenzings cellulose fibers capacity by 25% from
about 700,000 tonnes per year. They are in addition to fiber expansions
announced by Lenzing in 2009.
The plans form part of Lenzings goal to reach fibers production capacity of
one million tonnes per year by 2014. Lenzing, will invest 130 million to
construct Tencel-brand fibers capacity at Lenzing, Austria. Planned capacity
is 60,000 tonnes per year, and it will be the worlds first fully back-integrated
site for Tencel fibers.
51

Lenzing also plans to invest $30 million to increase Tencel fibers production
to 50,000 tonnes per year at Mobile,AL. A production line there that was
decommissioned by a previous owner will be modernized and upgraded to
meet strong demand.
Lenzing will expand rayon fibers capacity at Purwakarta, Indonesia by 80,000
tonnes per year, to 325,000 tonnes per year by 2013. The company will
invest $130 million for that project. Output will be sold mainly to the fastgrowing Indonesian market. Lenzing will also expand a second production
line for rayon fibers at Nanjing, China. The company will invest $18 million to
increase the lines capacity to 160,000 tonnes per year. The capacity will
be available from 2012.
Lenzing is constructing the second line at Nanjing and it will have capacity for
140,000 tonnes per year when it comes online in mid-2011. Construction
on the Nanjing expansion will begin immediately after the plant starts
operating.
*****
Carboxylic Acid
Oxea (Oberhausen, Germany) has brought online additional carboxylic acid
capacity at Oberhausen, increasing its global production capability by 5%.
The addition is the first stage of a three-phase expansion project that will
boost the companys total capacity by 20% by the end of this year. Oxea
says the expansion will help meet its growing demand for synthetic fatty
acids.
*****
Acrylonitrile
Asahi Kasei Chemicals (AKC), an

Asahi
Kasei
subsidiary,
will
construct a world-scale plant for the
production of acrylonitrile at Ulsan,
Korea. Construction of the plant,
which will have a production
capacity of 245,000
tonnes per
year, is expected to begin in May
2011. The plant is expected to be
online in January 2013.
AKC, which is the second-largest
supplier of acrylo behind Ineos, and
the largest supplier in Asia, says
that the project forms part of a
broader program to expand the
companys acrylo business.
52

The new acrylo plant will be constructed at the production site of Tong Suh
Petrochemical (Ulsan), a wholly owned subsidiary of Asahi Kasei. Tong Suh
Petrochemical produces 300,000
tonnes per year of acrylo and 40,000
tonnes per year of sodium cyanide.
Asahi Kasei has total production capacity for 750,000 tonnes per year of
acrylo, consisting of 300,000
tonnes per year at Mizushima, Japan;
150,000 tonnes per year at Kawasaki, Japan; and 300,000 tonnes per
year at Ulsan. A previously announced 200,000- tonnes per year acrylo
plant is also being constructed at Map Ta Phut, Thailand by PTT Asahi
Chemical (Bangkok), a joint venture between AKC, PTT (Bangkok), and
Marubeni. That plant is scheduled to start up in mid-2011.
PTT Asahi Chemical resumed construction on the acrylo plant at Map Ta Phut
in September 2010 following cancellation of a suspension order by the
Central Administrative Court (Bangkok). The acrylo plant, and a 70,000tonnes per year methyl methacrylate (MMA) project by PTT Asahi Chemical,
were originally due to have started up by the end of 2010 but were delayed
by the suspension order, which applied to 76 projects at Map Ta Phut. The
court lifted the ban on 74 of the 76 suspended projects, including the acrylo
and MMA investments, on September 2, 2010. The court had ordered the
suspension of the projects in September 2009 for non-compliance with
environmental and health regulations, following protest campaigns by local
residents and environmental groups over alleged pollution from plants at the
site.
Asahi Kasei will have total acrylo production capacity of 1.195 million
tonnes per year following completion of the plants at Ulsan and Map Ta
Phut.
*****
Synthetic menthol
Lanxess will expand production capacity for menthol at its Krefeld-Uerdingen,
Germany site for completion in the first half of 2012.
Synthetic menthol is a key component in aromas and pharmaceutical
products, and demand for the product is strong.
The company announced the menthol project at a groundbreaking ceremony
for a previously announced formalin plant at Krefeld-Uerdingen. The
combined investment for the two plants is about 40 million ($54.6 million).
Lanxess says its entire manufacturing process for menthol is coordinated
under contract with flavors and fragrances company Symrise and the
procedures Symrise uses. Lanxess supplies Symrise with menthol and the
menthol precursor thymol.
53

Lanxess is the biggest manufacturer of these products. The company uses
formalin to make trimethylolpropane (TMP), used in products for the
furniture, construction, and automotive industries. The formalin plant,
Lanxessfirst, is due to start operating at the end of 2011.
*****
LED Materials
Chemtura has agreed to form a
50-50 joint venture with UP
Chemical (Seoul) to produce
high-purity
metal
organic
precursors
for
the
rapidly
growing
light-emitting
diode
(LED) market. The jv, DayStar
Materials, is building a plant at
Hyeongok, Korea and will begin
supplying precursors to the
South Korean market in April.
Chemtura expects to have 30,000 tonnes per year of capacity available by

April 2011 and the site is expandable to 60,000 tonnes per year. DayStar
will build on Chemturas metal alkyls technology for polymerization and other
specialty applications and advance the companys backward integration for
trimethylaluminum, a key material for manufacturing high-purity organic
precursors. UP Chemical will contribute its expertise in various chemical
vapor deposition precursors.
*****
Butanol Plant / Isobutyraldehyde
Saudi Kayan began production in July 2010, when it started up a 1.5-million
tonnes per year ethylene plant at Jubail. The company has since
commissioned a number of downstream units including plants producing
ethylene glycol, high-density polyethylene, phenol and acetone, and
polypropylene. Other plants at the complex will produce bisphenol A,
ethanolamines, ethoxylates, and polycarbonate. Saudi Kayan is playing a
leading role in Sabics strategy to diversify its product portfolio. Sabic owns a
controlling 35% stake in Saudi Kayan.
Saudi Kayan Petrochemical, a Sabic affiliate, will build a n -butanol plant at
Jubail, Saudi Arabia as a three-way joint venture.
54

The companys partners in the jv will be Saudi Acrylic Acid Co. (SAAC); and a
proposed jv between Saudi Aramco and Dow Chemical that is building a
large-scale petrochemical complex at Jubail. Each partner will own 33.3% of
the butanol plant..
The project will have a capacity of 330,000 tonnes per year and be built at
SAACs production site. Butanol made by the jv will be allocated equally
between the three partners. SAACs share will be used as feedstock for a
butyl acrylate unit that is expected to be onstream in the first quarter of
2013.
The butanol unit will also produce isobutyraldehyde. Start-up of the plant is
slated for the second half of 2014. The cost of the project is estimated at
SR1.8 billion ($480 million). SAAC is a 75-25 jv between Tasnee Sahara
Olefins, and Rohm and Haas, a Dow subsidiary. Sahara Petrochemicals Co.
accounts for 43.2% of SAAC and Tasnee 31.8%. The SAAC site is within the
Tasnee petrochemicals complex at Jubail. Tasnee will be the project operator.
The butanol plant and a recently announced oleochemicals complex replace
choline chloride and dimethyl formamide units that were originally to have
formed part of Saudi Kayans petrochemical complex at Jubail.
*****
Tri-calcium phosphate
Innophos Holdings plans to increase tri-calcium phosphate capacity at its
Chicago Heights, IL facility by 25% by mid-2011.
The company cites a significant increase in demand, particularly in the
beverage and dairy markets.
*****
PLA
BASF has licensed a Metabolix (Cambridge, MA) patent to produce and
market polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate
compounds under BASFs trade name Ecovio. Ecovio is a blend of BASFs
Ecoflex copolyester and corn-based PLA.
*****
Base oil plant
Chevron will invest $1.4 billion to build a base oil plant at its Pascagoula, MS refinery.
The facility will manufacture 25,000 bbls per day of premium base oil for use in highperformance lubricants, such as motor oils. Chevron initially announced plans to build a
base oil plant at Pascagoula in 2008, at which time it expected it onstream in 2011. The
project is now due onstream by year-end 2013. The plant will roughly double Chevrons
existing base oil capacity.
*****
55

Carbon black
Aditya Birla Group (Mumbai) has signed a definitive agreement to buy
Columbian Chemicals (Marietta, GA) from One Equity Partners (OEP), the
merchant banking arm of J.P. Morgan Chase, for $875 million.
Columbian Chemicals is the third-largest maker of carbon black behind Cabot
Corp. and Evonik Industries. Aditya Birla Group, is the fourth-largest maker
of carbon black.
The acquisition will double Adityas capacity to 2 million tonnes per year and
make it the largest producer of carbon black, overtaking Cabot and Evonik.
Global carbon black capacity is estimated at 14.3 million
and projected to grow at 3.5% per year.
tonnes per year
The deal is expected to close in the second half of this year.

Columbian Chemicals operates 11 plants across nine countries. Aditya makes
carbon black at six plants, including joint ventures, across four countries:
Egypt, India, Thailand, and China. Phelps Dodge Corp. sold Columbian
Chemicals in 2006 to a jv betweeen DC Chemical (Seoul) and OEP for $600
million, and in 2009 OEP bought a controlling stake in Columbian.
*****
Master batch
Cabot has begun construction of a new black masterbatch plant at the
companys facility at Tianjin, China. Cabot will invest about $20 million to
build the 45,000 tonnes per year plant. Start-up is expected mid 2011.
*****
Acrlyonitrile / Melamine
Cytec Industries has agreed to sell its building block chemicals business to
private equity firm H.I.G. Capital (Miami) for $180 million. The deal includes
Cytecs Fortier, LA site, which makes acrylonitrile and melamine, a portion of
which is used by Cytec to make carbon fiber and coating resins, respectively.
Cytec also produces hydrocyanic acid and sulfuric acid at the site. H.I.G has
agreed to supply acrylonitrile and melamine to Cytec under long-term
contracts. Cytec also has a long-term agreement to sell 30% of its
acrylonitrile production at Fortier to Kemira, which uses it to make
acrylamide.
*****
56

Polyetheramine
Huntsman will expand polyetheramine capacity by 40,000 tonnes per year at Jurong
Island, Singapore.
The expansion will cost about $70 million and will bring capacity to about 56,000 tonnes
per year.
The company has three main production sites in Singapore; Conroe, TX; and Llanelli in
Wales.
The company expects demand for its Jeffamine-brand amines to increase across all
regions over the next decade, particularly in Asia Pacific, where volume is set to grow by
at least 10% per year.
*****
Polysilicon facility in Malaysia
Tokuyama (Tokyo) says its Tokuyama Malaysia (Kuching) subsidiary will soon begin
construction of a polysilicon manufacturing facility at the Samalaju Industrial Park in the
state of Sarawak.
The facility will require an investment of about 80 billion ($960 million) including
infrastructure and utilities.
The plant will produce polysilicon for solar cells, and will have a production capacity of
6,200 tonnes per year. Construction will be completed in the first quarter of 2013 and
operations are due to begin in September of that year.
Tokuyama says it aims to increase its global market share of polysilicon for solar cells,
currently estimated at about 5%, to 10% or more, and maintain the companys share of
polysilicon for semiconductors at 20%.
Tokuyama manufactures polysilicon mainly for semiconductors at Shunan, Japan. It
decided to build a second manufacturing base to address growing demand for
polysilicon for solar cells.
*****
Metathesis catalyst
Elevance Renewable Sciences (Bolingbrook, IL) has licensed tungsten- and
molybdenum-based metathesis catalysts from XiMo, a Rapperswil, Switzerland-based
catalyst developer, for use in producing biochemicals from natural oils.
*****
Polysilicon JV, in Korea
Samsung Fine Chemicals and MEMC Electronic Materials have formed a 50-50 jv to
build a 10,000 tonnes per year high-purity polysilicon plant at SFCs Ulsan. Korea site.
The plant is expected to begin production in 2013.
57

The jv combines SFCs core competence in chlorination processes and high-purity
technology with MEMCs semiconductor and solar technology know-how.
The market for polysilicon, the dominant component of photovoltaic solar cells, is
expected to grow 16% per year from 2010-2014 and reach 290,000 tonnes per year by
2014, says market research firm Photon Consulting (Boston, MA). The bright outlook for
polysilicon has recently attracted billions in investment.
In December, OCI (Seoul) announced plans to invest $1.4 billion to build a 20,000
tonnes per year polysilicon plant at Gunsan, Korea. Construction is expected to be
completed by October 2012. OCI will also invest about $245 million to increase the
capacity of an existing Gusan polysilicon plant by 7,000 tonnes per year.
Hemlock Semiconductor (Hemlock, MI), Dow Cornings majority-owned joint venture, is
currently building a $1.2-billion polysilicon manufacturing facility at Clarksville, TN, while
Wacker Chemie is building a 800-million ($1 billion) polysilicon plant at Nnchritz,
Germany.
*****
Biobutanediol
Myriant Technologies, a maker of biobased chemicals, has signed a memorandum of
understanding with Davy Process Technology (DPT; London) covering the use of
Myriants biobased succinic acid in Davys butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, and gammabutylolactone process technology.
The agreement includes non-exclusive testing and approval of Myriants succinic acid as
feedstock for the Davy process and an exclusive joint development agreement to
integrate Myriants biobased succinic acid technology with Davy butanediol technology.
Biosuccinic acid can substitute petroleum-based maleic anhydride used in the
production of butanediol. Current and future Davy butanediol licensees will be able to
take advantage of this opportunity.
The high cost of producing succinic acid from petroleum-based feedstocks has kept the
market relatively small at about 50,000 tonnes per year.
Consultants project this figure to triple in the next five years, as the scale-up of lowercost, biobased routes opens up new applications.
Myriant has begun building $80 million biosuccinic acid plant at Lake Providence, LA.
The site is expected to start up in early 2012, with an initial capacity of 30 million lbs per
year, eventually scaling up to 170 million lbs per year. Nearly all of the sites initial
capacity has already been contracted out.
The company is also advancing a project in Southeast Asia with PTT Chemical
(Bangkok). The two firms formed a 50:50 jv for the project in January, with PTT agreeing
to invest $60 million in Myriant.
*****
58
CRACKER PROJECT PLANS IN QATAR

Qatar is the biggest exporter of LNG, with liquefaction capacity of 77 million
tonnes per year. It plans to boost domestic production of gas to more than 4
billion cu feet per day by 2015, from 2.8 billion cu feet per day.
Two world-scale petrochemical projects are expected to go ahead shortly in
Qatar, instead of the previously announced plan to build a single cracker, rethink in the country regarding feedstock availability and that the government
now believes it will have enough gas to build two crackers. It said previously that
there was enough feedstock for just one new cracker until a moratorium on gas
allocations is lifted in 2014.
A recently confirmed cracker joint venture between Shell and Qatar Petroleum
(QP), and a delayed joint venture between ExxonMobil Chemical and QP, are the
projects that will go ahead.
Each of the new crackers will be designed for about 1.5 million tonnes per year
of ethylene and be based on ethane and propane, with ethane accounting for
about 800,000 tonnes per year of output at each plant.
Qatar has so far worked only with ethane as a petrochemical feedstock and has
concentrated solely on ethylene derivatives. Cracking propane will allow Qatar
and its partners to also produce propylene and derivatives, including
polypropylene.
ExxonMobil signed an agreement with QP on January 6, 2010 to advance the
companies multibillion-dollar petchem complex at Ras Laffan. ExxonMobil and
QP were originally focused on a cracker with capacity for 1.6 million tonnes per
year of ethylene. Downstream units were expected to include two 650,000tonnes per year polyethylene (PE) facilities and a 700,000- tonnes per year
ethylene glycol (EG) unit.
Shell signed its memorandum of understanding with QP last December 12 to
develop a separate petchems complex at Ras Laffan. That complex is expected
to include an EG unit based on Shells Omega process, with capacity for up to 1.5
million
tonnes per year, and plants making other olefin derivatives yielding
more than 2 million tonnes per year of finished products.
Qatar has been expanding its feedstock availability and recently awarded
contracts to JGC Corp. and Hyundai Heavy Industries to develop the Barzan
onshore gas project for RasGas Co., in which ExxonMobil has a minority stake.
The Barzan project, also at Ras Laffan, will produce 1.4 billion cu feet per day of
gas and is expected onstream in 2014 or 2015. The complex will include a gasprocessing unit, as well as sulfur and natural gas liquids recovery units to
produce methane, ethane, propane, butane and condensate. It will supply power
generation, refineries, and petrochemical industries in Qatar.
59
NEWS ROUND UP - INDIA

Calcium carbonate
Minerals Technologies will build a satellite precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) facility
at JK Papers Rayagada, India pulp and paper mill.
The 46,000- tonnes per year plant will be operated by Minerals Technologies subsidiary
Specialty Minerals.
The new capacity will be used to provide raw materials for JK Papers 165,000 tons per
year expansion.
*****
Vertellus Enters Indian Market Through JV
Vertellus Specialties (Indianapolis) has formed a joint venture with Vapi Products
Industries (Valsad, India) to manufacture and distribute specialty chemicals globally.
Vertellus will operate the jvs manufacturing plant at Gujarat. The jv is currently called
Vapi Products, and Vertellus says it plans to rename it Vertellus Specialty Materials.
The deal provides Vertellus with a production base in India. Vapi producer operates a
pilot plant and R&D center at Gujarat. Vapi produces and markets organic intermediates
for polymers, agricultural chemicals, pigments, dyes, and other specialty chemicals, as
well as resins for the printing ink, coatings and adhesives industries.
Vertellus manufactures sulfone monomers and derivatives at Seal Sands, U.K., and will
continue to do so after the deal closes, the company says.
*****
Indian firms overtake Chinese companies in overseas mineral asset
buys
For the first time, Indian companies have forged ahead of their Chinese counterparts in
acquiring overseas mineral assets.
From just $128-million worth of overseas buys in 2009, Indian companies went on a
mega acquisition spree of $4.64 billion in 2010, while Chinese outbound investments
declined by more than half to $4.45 billion.
An Ernst and Young study on mergers and acquisitions in the mining and metals sector
shows how aggressive Indian companies have turned in the span of a year, securing
their resource base, especially coal and iron ore.
India shot up the ranks of acquiring countries, to 7{+t}{+h} place in 2010 from 14{+t}{+h}
place in 2009, accounting for 5 per cent of the global deal value. About 20 deals were
done by Indian firms, including 12 overseas, with a total value of $6.6 billion.
Coal accounted for more than two-thirds of the Indian mineral overseas M&A spend and
half of it was Down Under. Interestingly, China, which topped the global rankings in
2009, slipped to fourth place in total deal value in 2010.
60
NEWS ROUND UP - INDIA

Canada, with over a fifth of global deal value, topped the chart. The global deal value in
mining and metals almost doubled to $113 billion in 2010 as against $60 billion in 2009.
*****
K-G D6 output decline
Reliance Industries Ltd. has reduced gas supply by 8 to 10% to fertiliser plants since
December last year.
RIL is producing 50 to 51 mmscmd of gas from the D6 fields now, about 15% lower than
what it produced in the middle of 2010. Led by RIL, ONGC and Oil India, the country
produces 169 mmscmd of gas, a quarter of which goes to the fertiliser sector.
The decline in natural gas output from Reliance Industries Ltd operated D6 block in
the Krishna Godavari basin could lead to an increase in the the governments fertiliser
subsidy burden or an increase in the price of urea. Reduced availability of K-G D6 gas
would force urea producers to cut down their output or go for costlier imported liquefied
natural gas (LNG) for feedstock.
A fall in domestic fertiliser output would necessitate use of more of expensive imported
fertiliser, which could increase the burden of subsidy on the fisc.
Fertiliser sector, has been allocated 15.7 million metric standard cubic metres a day
(mmscmd) of gas.
Fertilisers is the second largest consumer of KG D6 gas after the power sector, that gets
half of the total 63 mmscmd gas firmly allocated to various sectors by a ministerial panel.
The price of Urea is sensitive to gas price as 80% of the production cost of this fertiliser
is attributed to gas. The government is banking on more fertiliser units to switch from
naphtha, a liquid hydrocarbon, to the cleaner and more efficient natural gas in order to
save subsidy on this price-controlled commodity.
But the limited availability of gas and competing user industries like power, oil refining
and city gas distribution, have made it impossible for existing naphtha-based urea units
to shift to gas as well as for new gas-based plants to come up.
*****
Atul Forms Dyestuffs JV with Swiss Company
Chemical company Atul (Valsad, India) has formed a 50-50 joint venture with
dyestuffs firm M Dohmen (San Vittore, Switzerland). The jv will enable Atul
to offer to its customers in India and certain other new markets the entire
range of M Dohmens dyestuffs, including products for the automotive, wool,
and nylon industries, and other dyes and textile chemicals.
M Dohmen will supply its customers with dyes manufactured by Atuls colors
division including cellulosic dyes such as vat dyes, sulfur dyes, and reactive
dyes for the cotton, textile, and paper industries. The division has annual
sales of $75 million.
61
CHINA NEWS
Phenol Complex
Formosa Chemicals and Fibre (Taipei) has awarded an engineering contract
to Lummus Technology for a major cumene and phenol complex. The
complex will be built at Formosas large production site at Ningbo, China and
be designed to produce 450,000 tonnes per year of cumene and 300,000
tonnes per year of phenol. It will use the Polimeri Europa-Lummus cumene
and phenol technologies. Completion is expected in 2013.
*****
PTA
BP is proceeding with a project that will result in major increase in purified
terephthalic acid (PTA) production capacity at the companys BP Zhuhai
Chemical Co. subsidiary at Zhuhai, China.
BP Zhuhai is a joint venture between BP and Zhuhai Port Co., formerly Fu
Hua Group. BP says it will debottleneck its second PTA plant at the Zhuhai
site, increasing capacity by more than 200,000 tonnes per year and raising
total PTA capacity at the site to about 1.7 million tonnes per year. BP says it
is also planning to build a third PTA plant at the site, which will have a
capacity of 1.25 million tonnes per year.
BP has completed engineering design work for the debottlenecking of the
second plant and expects the expansion to be fully onstream in the first
quarter of 2012.
The third PTA plant is in pre-engineering planning, and it will be the first to
use BPs latest PTA technology. The third plant is expected to be onstream by
2014, meeting anticipated PTA demand growth in China.
Government statistics shows that Chinas PTA consumption in 2009 exceeded
18 million tonnes of which only about 65% was supplied by domestic
production, BP says.
The new technology helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other waste
streams significantly, and it enables scale and cost efficiencies.
BP has an 85% stake in BP Zhuhai, which was established in 1997, and
Zhuhai Port has the remaining 15%. The ventures first and second PTA
plants, with total capacity of about 1.5 million tonnes per year, began
production in 2003 and 2008, respectively.
READ NANDINI CHEMICAL JOURNAL AND FORGE AHEAD
62
INVESTMENT OF MULTI NATIONAL

COMPANIES IN R&D IN CHINA
R&D scenario in China
There is strong Western R&D capacity in China.In Shanghai alone, the
companies which have set up R&D centers include Bayer, BASF, Dow,
DSM, DuPont, Lanxess, Solvay, Ticona and Wacker.
On the other hand, there is a strong interest of Chinese institutions
and chemical producers in cooperating with Western companies. A few
informations of R&D cooperation between multi national companies
and chemical industries in China are provided in this article.
*
Evonik
has
a
technological
cooperation
agreement with Luoyang Ship
Material Research Institute. In
this
cooperation,
Evonik
provides
polyimide
foam,
which is tested and applied as
insulation material for ship
cabins.
*
Linde has partnered with Shanghai University to develop thin-film
encapsulation material and packaging solutions for the manufacturing of
electronic display technology, especially for flexible organic light emitting
devices (OLEDs). The research will be done at the laboratories of the
university, with Linde providing funding for experimental materials, gases,
facilities as well as full-time involvement of Linde engineers.
*
Bayer works with Tongji University Automotive College, sharing
expertise on new technologies as well as collaborating on new areas of
innovation. Bayer will provide material solutions for the development of both
interior and exterior car design.
*
Rhodia has an understanding with East China Normal University and
the French National Center for Scientific Research to strengthen scientific
collaboration in renewable materials and sustainable development.
This type of cooperation between MNC and Chinese university is by now wellestablished and professionalized, with the university administration being
involved in the contract management.
63
INVESTMENT OF MULTI NATIONAL COMPANIES IN R&D IN CHINA

*
Novozymes (Denmark) uses this cooperation mode with several
Chinese companies. In working with Dacheng Group, a Chinese starch
processing group, Novozymes provides the enzymes and the knowledge to
convert biomass such as straw into sugar while Dacheng not only provides
the raw materials and the facilities but also the expertise to convert the
sugar into glycols. These can then be used to make a variety of chemical
products such as detergents and even plastics. Similarly, Novozymes
cooperates with Sinopec and COFCO, a Chinese producer of processed
agricultural products, in building a cellulosic ethanol plant. Again, Novozymes
will supply the enzymes while the Chinese partners supply the raw materials
and the facilities and are responsible for the sale of the resulting products.
*
Total and China Power Investment are cooperating to study a coal-toolefins project in Inner Mongolia. Total is to share its expertise in relevant
processes such as Methanol to Olefins, Olefin Cracking and Carbon Dioxide
Storage while China Power will provide the coal.
*
Yingli Green Energy, a leading Chinese solar energy company,
collaborates with Innovalight on research to raise the efficiency of
multicrystalline solar cells produced by Yingli. Innovalight is the owner of a
nanotechnology-based silicon ink and processes to improve the efficiency and
cut production costs of solar cells while Yingli is a leading integrated
photovoltaic manufacturer.
*
Suntech, another Chinese leading solar energy company, works with
Silex Solar, an Australian solar company, to improve the power conversion
efficiencies of crystalline silicon solar cells. This collaboration is particularly
interesting as there is a clear overlap in the portfolio of both companies as
both are deeply involved in the production of solar cells.
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64
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Giga Methanol Technology
Janus last year agreed to develop and commercialize Giga Methanol
Technology with Lurgi at Frankfurt, Germany. The technology will allow Janus
to pursue plants with the capacity of at least 10,000 tonnes per day with
great capital cost reductions. Janus is currently developing several projects
around the world to build plants as large as 20,000 tonnes per day
*****
New Glyphosate Technology
PwC (Warsaw), the former PricewaterhouseCoopers, has outlined the likely
commercialization timetable for new technology to produce glyphosate
herbicide.
The new process, Better Glyphosate Technology (BGT), was first revealed
last November 2010. It was developed by R&D firm SN Biotech Technologies
(Zlotniki, Poland). The transaction process is expected to be completed this
April 2011.
BGT is covered by a new international patent for glyphosate-based herbicide
technology that PwC and SN Biotech say is safer than most of the existing
analogues and represents a change of approach to glyphosate application. It
requires lower quantities of the active ingredient and delivers the final
product in a more effective way, potentially decreasing global herbicide input
and reducing its impact on the environment.
The BGT technology will be patent protected in 34 countries and patenting is
already in progress in all key markets. It is registered under the BGTY
trademark in the European Union.
The inventor and PwC say they hope most of the patents will be granted in
2012-13, depending on individual country procedures. The companies
declined to name the potential licensees or reveal details of the technology.
Global consumption of glyphosate exceeded 600,000 tonnes in 2008 with an
approximate value of $6 billion, the World Outlook of Glyphosate 2009-14
report says. Demand should reach $8.5 billion by 2014. Global glyphosate
consumption grew 33% in 2008 alone, much higher than in previous years,
due mainly to the development of genetically modified crops and bio-energy.
*****
Olefins patent
Keyuan Petrochemicals (Ningbo, China) has received approval from Chinese
authorities for a patent related to the companys proprietary Multiple
Ethylene Propylene (MEP) production process.
65
MEP technology improves manufacturing efficiency and flexibility. The patent
covers technology used in the production of ethylene and propylene. It allows
the company to use lower-grade feedstock, such as heavy oil, instead of
naphtha. It also enables Keyuan to improve the yield and utilization rate at
its production lines, resulting in a 15% cost saving.
Keyuan says it uses the technology in its existing production processes.
*****
Process to recycle rare earths
Rhodia is the world leader in rare earth-based formulations.
Rhodia has developed a process for the recovery and separation of rare
earths contained in used low-energy light bulbs. The process, which may be
operational by the first quarter of 2012, is based on the recycling of
luminescent powders.
The luminescent powders used in low-energy light bulbs, containing high
concentrations of rare earths, are currently disposed of in landfills. Rhodia
will be able to recycle the powders at its La Rochelle and Saint-Fons, France
sites using the new process.
At a time when global demand for rare earths is experiencing a growth rate
above 6%/year, this initiative opens the way to new sources of rare earths
perfectly tailored to market needs.
Formulators and consumers of rare earths have stepped up their efforts to
develop recycling processes, since China started reducing its export quotas
for rare earth elements in early 2010. China accounts for more than 95% of
global rare earths mining output. The Chinese government announced
recently that it would cut export quotas for rare earth elements by an
additional 35% year on year for the first half of 2011.
*****
Ultrafiltration technology for water treatment plants
Ultrafiltration specialist company Inge Water technologies is supplying its T-Rack
vario technology to treat surface water at the Mohnebogen and Langel water
treatment plants in Arnsberg, Germany.
The two water treatment plants will each have 96 inge dizzer XL 0.9 MB 60 W
modules housed in the T-Rack vario. The T-Rack is hydrodynamically optimized
and has a footprint that is up to 60% smaller than conventional rack systems.
Arnsbergs municipal utility company and the local association of water suppliers
are each investing 4.5 million to expand the water treatment plants in
Mohnebogen and Langel.
For further details, please visit: www.inge.ag
66
Bio-decontamination system to remove `superbugs' - Bioquell Q-10
Analytical Technologys electrochemical hydrogen peroxide gas sensors have
been chosen to form part of Bioquells hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV) biodecontamination system, the Bioquell Q-10).
The portable Bioquell Q-10 system effectively and safely bio-decontaminates
rooms, equipment and electronic devices in hospital environments,
eradicating problematic bacteria, fungi and viruses in the fight against
superbugs.
One of the benefits of this new treatment is that it can be safely used on
sensitive equipment and electronics which are incompatible with chlorinebased products such as bleach. The process is 'residue-free', breaking down
to water vapour and oxygen, representing an environmentally friendly
biocide and leaving no residual odour.
For further details, please visit: www.analyticaltechnology.com
www.bioquell.come
*****
Organic contaminant removal
Siemens and MarMac Water LLC have signed an agreement to The Clearlogx
automated chemical feed system to add to the Siemens product line.
The Clearlogx enhances organic contaminant removal in water and
wastewater, while simultaneously improving membrane and conventional
filter performance. The Clearlogx system controls the addition of acid,
coagulant and chlorine dosing systems. The technology decreases membrane
fouling and reduces the formation of disinfection byproducts.
Siemens will integrate the Clearlogx Process chemical feed system into its
Memcor membrane systems, which support greater membrane performance
for especially difficult to treat water sources. As part of the agreement, the
founder of MarMac Water, Gregg McLeod, will work with Siemens to continue
to develop the Clearlogx product line.
For further details, please visit: www.water.siemens.com
*****
Energy recovery devices for desalination plant
Energy Recovery Inc. has completed delivery of 25 ERI TurboCharger energy
recovery devices for the largest seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)
desalination plant in the world.
67
Energy Recovery Inc, through its acquisition of Pump Engineering, has

supplied the AT-7200 TurboChargers to Hyflux Ltd. The company that has
designed, built and will operate the plant located in Magtaa in northwestern
Algeria. The facility will be producing 500,000 m3/day of clean, potable
water.
The ERI AT-7200 TurboCharger line employs advanced computational fluid
dynamic turbo machine software (CFX) and five-axis machining technology.
The devices are claimed to offer capable powerful energy efficiency, ease of
operation, simplicity and reliability.
ERI's energy recovery devices, which include the TurboChargers and the PX
Pressure Exchanger (PX) devices, reduce the energy consumption of SWRO
systems significantly, making desalination a cost-effective solution for clean
water supply. ERI devices also reduce the carbon footprint of desalination,
saving more than 970 MW of energy and reducing CO2 emissions by more
than 5.2 million tons per year worldwide. More than 10,000 ERI devices are
currently deployed or under contract to be installed at desalination plants
around the world.
For further details, please visit:www.energyrecovery.com
*****
68
R&D EFFORTS OF BASF

BASF has increased its R&D budget for 2011 from last years 1.5 billion
($2.04 billion) and is working on about 3,000 projects to tackle .
BASFs R&D pipeline involve in developing technologies based on carbon

dioxide (CO2) as a raw material.
BASF is in the pre-launch phase for organic compounds that can be
used instead of costly silicon in conventional solar cells to generate
electricity.
In health and nutrition BASFs plant biotechnology is contributing to the
production of more food on limited agricultural land and tapping into
new potentials for bioenergy and renewable resources.
BASF aims to generate sales of 6 billion to 8 billion per year through
innovation by 2015.
Energy efficiency and climate protection
About one-third of our research and development expenditures of BASF is
channelled towards products and technologies designed to increase energy
efficiency, climate protection, and conservation of resources, as well as
researching alternative raw materials.
Electromobility
BASF produces cathodes and electrolytes
for batteries and it is working on
separators and anodes.
Together with partners, BASF would
develop innovative concepts for more
efficient electric cars. E-vehicles must
guarantee a range of 400 km for a
battery weight of less than 200 kg.
BASF aims to be one of the frontrunners in electromobility, and six months

ago the company founded an International Electromobility Competency
Network with globally recognized experts from academic research
institutions.
69
R&D EFFORTS OF BASF

BASF, together with the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT; Karlsruhe,
Germany) founded a joint laboratory for the development of innovative
battery materials. The laboratory combines BASFs electrochemical know-how
in industrial applications with the basic research results of KIT. The
cooperation aims to translate research findings more rapidly into products for
high-energy battery systems.
The Elyria plant, costing about $50 million, is subsidized by the U.S.
Department of Energy to the tune of $24.6 million. It will supply the global
market and is a very important step for BASF in its entry into the e-vehicle
market.
Process development
BASF is working on processes to produce succinic acid, formic acid and
polycarbonate using CO2 as raw material. BASF is very far advanced in formic
acid, well advanced in polycarbonates and already have a fermentation
process for succinic acid in pilot scale.
Some of these projects may be viable, notably formic acid. BASF is working
on an entire concept of the value chain, under which it would produce
butanediol and polyamine plastic from succinic acid.
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70
AGRO CHEMICAL PAGE

Indian palm oil scenario
As far back as 1988, the Chadda Committee identified about eight lakh hectares as
being suitable for oil palm plantation; but progress in its cultivation has been tardy.
Currently, while the acreage potential is estimated at over 10 lakh hectares, just about
15 per cent is under cultivation.
The budget has provided for Rs.300 crore to
bring 60,000 hectares under oil palm
plantation by integrating the farmers with the
markets. This initiative is expected to yield
about three lakh tones of palm oil annually in
five years.
Unlike oilseed crops, that grow in less than
four months, oil palm trees take four years to
start yielding fresh fruit bunches, from
whichy oil is extracted. The Budgetary outlay
of Rs.300 crore over a five year time frame
to develop 60,000 hectares translates to about Rs.1,000 per hectare per year.
Unfortunately, this may not be enough, as the entrepreneurs or project developers will
have to wait nearly five years to see the fruits for their investment.
Thus, while it is necessary to rapidly expand the area under oil palm, it is equally
important to nurture existing plantations and ensure no entrepreneur exits for want of
policy and financial support.
*****
Technology to boost rice output
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

focuses on planting single seedlings
instead of multiple seedlings in a
clump, and not keeping irrigated
paddy fields flooded during the rice
plants' vegetative growth stage. This
results in reduction in the irrigation
water application by about 30% to
50% and reduction in chemical
fertilisers and pesticides application.
At present, about 42 countries have adopted SRI and about 1.5 lakh farmers have
adopted the technique in 12,000 hectare across 160 districts. Tamil Nadu and Tripura
are leading states adopting SRI.
71
AGRO CHEMICAL PAGE

Through adoption of technique such as System of Rice Intensification (SRI), rice
production could be increased by more than 5 million tonne annually which would help
the country in meeting the food security requirement in coming years, a paper by
national consortium of SRI experts said.
SRI may help substantially in reducing the embedded subsidies in every grain of rice
and result in yield increase of 15% to 40%, says Mr.B C Barah, Nabard chair professor
of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI).
SRI ensure root growth thus help farmers adopt to more organic way of farming.
India is the worlds second largest rice producer accounting for more than 20% of global
production.
*****
Turmeric can detect explosives
Turmeric, one of the most popular spices, contains a

chemical that could be the basis for cheap
explosives detectors, a new study has claimed.
A team led by an Indian scientist found that the curcumin molecule , which is known for
its anticancer and anti-oxidant properties, could replace more complex solutions to spot
explosives like TNT, the BBC News reported.
Dr Abhishek Kumar of the University of Massachusetts and his colleagues, who
presented their findings at the American Physical Society meeting, said that the lightemitting properties of the curry ingredient changes when it gathers molecules of
explosive material in air. This "fluorescence spectroscopy" is already employed in a wide
array of sensing and analysis techniques.
Illuminating some chemicals causes them to re-emit light of a different colour,
sometimes for extended periods. The intensity of this re-emitted light can change if
different molecules bind to the fluorescent ones, and that is how sensing techniques can
exploit the effect.
A curcumin-based mine detector could outperform the animal version, the scientist
claimed.
Kumar and his team were investigating the use of curcumin for biological applications,
trying to make it easily dissolve in water, when they hit on the idea of making use of its
optical properties. The team's first trick was to use a chemical reaction to attach "side
groups" to the curcumin that preferentially bind to explosive molecules.
The researchers then hit on the idea of using a polymer called polydimethylsiloxane ,
spinning the mixture on glass plates to make extremely thin films. The idea would be to
use an inexpensive light source the team uses LEDs shone on to the thin films,
detecting the light they then put off. In the presence of explosives, the light would dim.
72
HERBICIDE TOLERANT GM CROP

The Mahyco cotton hybrids that have
undergone BRL-1 and BRL-2 multilocation field tests over three seasons
(2008, 2009 and 2010) are set to be
the first GM crops in India to harbour
herbicide-tolerance trait.
The
Maharashtra
Hybrid
Seeds
0Company (Mahyco) has completed
the second-stage Biosafety Research
Trials (BRL-2) for four cotton hybrids
that harbour two sets of traits the
first for insect resistance and the
second for herbicide tolerance.
The hybrids will, in all, incorporate three foreign genes. The first two, cry1Ac
and cry2Ab, are isolated from a soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt.
While the cry1Ac gene produces proteins toxic against the American
bollworm, spotted bollworm and pink bollworm, the cry2Ab gene confers
resistance to spodoptera pests (beet and fall armyworms).
The third gene, cp4-epsps, codes for a totally different trait of tolerance
against glyphosate. The latter is a herbicide used to control grasses and
broad-leaf weeds that grow along with the crops and impact yields by
competing for nutrition and water. Being a non-selective, systemic chemical
that kills all plants in the field of application be it weeds or the crop in
question glyphosate cannot be used on ordinary cotton hybrids and
varieties.
The cp4-epsps gene sourced from yet another soil bacterium,
Agrobacterium tumefaciens expresses a protein, which inhibits the action of
glyphosate. Plants that are genetically engineered to contain this gene are,
hence, rendered tolerant' to glyphosate, enabling farmers to apply it in place
of manual weeding.
The GM crops being cultivated now are all cotton hybrids containing various
Bt genes imparting only insect pest resistance. These are based on
proprietary events' a series of steps and protocols developed to insert a
foreign gene into a host plant of Monsanto, JK Agri Genetics, Nath BioGenes, the Rallis India-controlled Metahelix Life Sciences and the Central
Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur (CICR).
73
HERBICIDE-TOLERANT GM CROP
The latest Mahyco hybrids combine two Monsanto events: MON-15985
(which is already incorporated in the existing Bollgard-II cottons being grown
since 2006) and MON-88913 (a new event). That would make them the first
stacked event/trait' GM products to be introduced in the country.
The BRL-2 trials were conducted under the supervision of the CICR, which is
likely to submit its report to the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee
(GEAC)shortly .
Mahyco, has already undertaken production of around 55,000 packets,
containing 450 grams each of the four new GM hybrids, of which two (MRC8017 and 8031) are for northern States and the remaining (MRC-8347 and
8351) for the south and central zones. The 55,000 packets would suffice for
50,000-odd acres, which can go up in subsequent seasons.
In 2010, GM hybrids/varieties accounted for 9.4 million hectares (mh) out of
the country's total 11 mh cotton area. Within the 9.4 mh, 90 per cent
incorporated Monsanto's MON-531 and MON-15985 events, with the latter
alone covering 6.6 mh.
Approved GM Cotton `Events in India
Event Name
MON-531 (BG-I)
MON-15985 (BG-II)
Event-I
GFM Event
BNLa-601
MLS-9124
MON-15985+
MON-88913
Developer
Monsanto/Mahyco
Monsant/Mahyco
JK Agri Genetics*
Nath Bio-Genes India
Public Sector+
Metahelix Life
Sciences
Monsant/Mahyco
Foreign Genes
Cry1Ac
Cry1Ac,cry2Ab
Cry1Ac
Cry1Ac,cry1Ab**
Cry1Ac
Cry1C
Approval
2002
2006
2006
2006
2008
2009
Cry1Ac,cry1Ab,
Cp4-epsps
2011?
* With IIT Kharagpur, ** Single fusion gene; + Central Institute Of Cotton

Research, Nagpur & University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.
NEMATICIDE
Monsanto has acquired biotech firm Divergence (St. Louis). Monsanto
says Divergence has promising tools in its pipeline to combat
nematodes, an increasingly pervasive agricultural pest.
The two firms have been working together since 2004 to develop
nematode-resistant soybeans.
74
BANNED PESTICIDES BEING USED

IN INDIA
As many as 67 pesticides that
have either been banned or
severely restricted by some
countries, have been allowed for
use
on
crops
in
India,
Agriculture Minister admitted in
the Rajya Sabha.
He said during Question Hour
that 27 pesticides, including
calcium cyanide, have been
banned for manufacture, import
and
use
in
India.
Nicotin Sulfate and Captafol have been banned for use in the country but
their manufacture is allowed for export, he said adding four pesticide
formulations have been banned for import, manufacture and use while seven
others have been withdrawn. 13 pesticides including Endosulfan have been
allowed with restricted use.
However, there are 67 pesticides allowed for use in India which have been
either banned or severely restricted by some countries," he said.
When asked why these pesticides were being allowed for use in India, he said
some countries have banned use of these pesticides but others like Brazil and
Australia continue to use them.
On use of Endosulfan, the minister said that four different committees of
scientists have certified it as being safe for use. However, in view of request
from Kerala state government, its use has been disallowed in Kerala. Similar
request was received from Karnataka and use of Endosulfan has been
banned in Karnataka state also..
In respect of pesticides not banned under the Act, there have been instances
whereas in some areas stipulations on dosage, crops and method of
application were not adhered to mainly due to lack of awareness, he said.
"However, analysis of samples of agricultural commodities, including
vegetables, collected for detection of pesticide residues has so far not
indicated use of any pesticide banned under the Insecticides Act, 1968."
75
TECHNOLOGY TO GROW SEED POTATOES WITHOUT SOIL

Aeroponics is the process of
growing plants in air or moist
environment in a closed or semiclosed environment without the use
of soil or an aggregate medium.
Central Potato Research Institute

(CPRI), Shimla, has developed a
technique based on Aeroponics to
produce seed potatoes without
exposing them to soil.
The institute first designed a proto type and tested it on three varieties of
potato seeds, namely Kufri Bahar, Kufri Suryaand Kufri Chipsona, under net
house conditions.
After the success of the initial trials, the CPRI has upscaled the system to
start a commercial unit under greenhouse conditions having a capacity of
3,000 plants in Modipuram in Uttar Pradesh.
Giving a big fillip to productivity, seed potato production using Aeroponics
ensures five to six times more production of minitubers as compared to
traditional tissue culture system. With no exposure to soil, there is little
danger of any soil-based disease.
With precise and timely supply of nutrients and the help of timer-controlled
sprays through a nozzle system, the technology lowers the input costs.
Engineers and scientists of CPRI developed the system after conducting
extensive studies on developing its components with the support of Centro
Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Peru, where the technology was already in
use.
The CPRI prototype consists of an electrical unit, two light-proof growth
chambers, a nutrient solution chamber, a high pressure pump, a filter and
spray nozzles. All the essential nutrient elements required for plant growth
are dissolved in water in the solution chamber and solution pH is maintained
at the desired level throughout the crop period. This nutrient solution is
compressed through the nozzles by high pressure pump, forming a fine mist
in growth chambers. At the roof of the growth chambers, in-vitro
propagates.and hardened plantlets are planted in 20 mm diameter holes.
Pump is automatically operated for 10-30 seconds after every 10 to 30
minutes interval with electronic timer and conductor.
76
PHARMA PAGE
Patent woes threaten global pharma companies
In 2011, alone, because of patent expirations, the drug industry will lose
control over more than 10 mega medicines whose combined annual sales
have neared $50 billion.
At the end of November, Pfizer stands to lose a $10-billion-a-year revenue
stream when the patent on its blockbuster cholesterol drug Lipitor expires
and cheaper generics begin to cut into the companys huge sales.
The large drug companies are all struggling with research failures as they
scramble to replace their cash cows, like Pfizers multimillion-dollar gamble
on a replacement for the cholesterol-lowering drug Lipitor, which failed
miserably in clinical trials.
While industry research and development spending has nearly doubled to
$45 billion a year over the last decade, the Food and Drug Administration has
approved fewer and fewer new drugs. Pfizer and Eli Lilly had major setbacks
last year in once-promising Alzheimers drug experiments.
*****
Vaccine for rotavirus launched
Six countries account for 50% deaths
due to rotavirus with India topping the
charts.
A vaccine for Rotavirus, a leading
cause for severe and fatal infant
diarrhea in the country, was formally
launched in the state by MSD India, a
pharmaceutical company.
The vaccine which costs Rs 900 per dose and is administered in three doses
is now available in the city.
The vaccine which is India's first pentavalent rotavirs vaccine will address all
the five strains of the virus. The doses must be given at 6-10 and 14 weeks
and must be given before 32 weeks said doctors. "The vaccine can be given
along with other vaccines without any side effects," said Dr
Balasubramanian.
*****
77
PHARMA PAGE
Dengue vaccine
Globally, it is estimated that 50 million-100 million people become infected
with the virus each year, and 5,00,000 of them a very large proportion
children develop life-threatening forms of the disease.
A vaccine against dengue has been proved remarkably hard to develop. One
reason is that the virus comes in four varieties known as serotypes.
One hurdle to any prospective vaccine is that the virus comes in four
varieties known as serotypes. A person who recovers after being infected
with one serotype develops lifelong immunity only to that form of the virus,
not the others.
The paradigm has been to make a vaccine that contains the four different
viruses and get simultaneous immunisation against each of them, says Scott
Halstead, a leading expert on dengue and vaccines against it. Dr. Halstead,
who was born in Lucknow, is currently Director of the Dengue Vaccine
Initiative's Supportive Research and Development Programme.
*****
Clinical trials for TB drugs
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) may be close to

developing a generic drug for tuberculosis. Two pharmaceutical companies
have approached it for help in conducting clinical trials for two molecules that
they have developed.
If CSIR accepts the offers, the drug would then become a property of Open
Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) project. OSDD was started some time ago to
expedite work on a TB drug by engaging scientists from around the world.
As per this model, though the credit is given, no patent can be obtained since
the intellectual property rights belong to OSDD.
78
PHARMA PAGE
If CSIR accepts them for the trials, it may bear up to 80% of the cost. In
return, CSIR will have a say on the market price of the drug once it is
developed. The companies also stand to gain. They can have access to the
pool of experts. CSIR is also setting up an OSDD chemistry laboratory in
Hyderabad for synthesis of potential anti-TB compounds. Besides, OSDD
could be extended to other diseases like malaria.
*****
Herbal cure for Parkinson's?
The newly-inaugurated National Centre for Neurotoxicity Research to Assist Drug
Development at the University of Madras is studying the potential of herbal medicines in
treating Parkinson's disease.
The centre is collecting serum samples of patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
from the Government Medical College and patient samples from Nimhans to study the
causes of the symptoms.
The study is part of a larger research work to observe the influence of heavy metals in
the progress of neuro-degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
The National Facility for Neurotoxicity Research to Assist Drug Development has been
set up at the Dr ALM PGIBMS in Taramani in Chennai at a cost of Rs 5.22 crore funding
from the Department of Science and Technology's Drug and Pharmaceuticals Research
Programme.
*****
Orphan drug status for anti cancer drug
Natco Pharmas novel anti-cancer drug has received Orphan drug designation, from the
US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). It is the first Indian companys drug to get
such a designation for three indication.
Orphan drug designation is given by the USFDA for rare diseases that affect less than
20,000 patients in the US.
Since the market for the drugs intended to treat rare diseases is small, the USFDA
extends special incentives to companies involved in the discovery and development of
such drugs.
These incentives include a seven-year marketing exclusivity, specific tax credits and
waiver of prescription drug user fee (which is about $1.5 million/indication), special
grants and benefits to defray the costs of clinical research.
These drugs may also be eligible for fast track approval process facilitating early market
launch Natco is close to completing Phase-I clinical trials of the novel drug in India. It
plans to take the drug forward for further clinical trials in the US and other countries.
The drug has been granted patents in nine countries including the US. Patents are
expected in Canada, Europe and Japan shortly according to the release.
79
ENERGY PAGE
MIXED NEWS IN THE POWER FRONT
The good news is that the current power generation scenario is encouraging
with the total power generation touching 6,69,030 MU in the first ten months
of 2010-11, which is 97% of the target fixed for the current year. The bad
news is on the capacity addition front. Numbers for the first 10 months of the
year show that so far only 10,211 MW of power capacity has been added,
which is just half the targeted capacity to be added in the year.
The sharp fall in capacity addition in the current year poses serious questions
about meeting the lower capacity addition targeted in the mid-term appraisal
of the Eleventh Plan. Though the Eleventh Plan has initially targeted a total
capacity addition of 78,700 MW in the Plan period, the target was lowered to
62,374 MW after the mid-term appraisal. Of this, 32,512 MW was already
commissioned in the initial years of the Plan and another 30,380 MW was
said to be under construction. So the large shortfall in the current year once
again throws questions of even meeting the lowered Plan targets.
while the advance estimates indicate that the economy has grown by around
8.6% in the current year, the power generation has gone up only by 5% in
the first 10 months of the year.
What is more interesting is the large disparities in the growth of power
generation from various sources.
80
ENERGY PAGE
Nuclear power
Most impressive gains have been made on the nuclear power front where
20,618 MU of power generated in April-January 2010-11 was 113% of the
target set for the period. And power generation from the nuclear stations has
been pushed up by 37.7%, probably aided by the increased availability of
fuel after the fuel embargo was lifted by the nuclear suppliers.
Hydel power
Another segment that has made impressive gains is hydel power, aided by the bountiful
rains during the year. Numbers till end January show that the 97,721 units of hydel
power generated during the period surpassed the full year target as production
increased by an impressive 8.9%, faster than the overall growth of the economy.
Thermal power
The only major laggard in the power sector was the thermal power segment. Though the
545,232 MU of power generated from thermal power stations in the first ten months of
the year is an impressive 96% of the total power generation targets set for the period,
power production in the segment rose by a mere 3.5%, which was less than half the
GDP growth.
It is not that all segments of the thermal power sector fared equally badly. A
break-up shows that while thermal power generation from gas turbine (gasfuelled) was an impressive 8.2%, that from liquid-fuelled gas turbines
declined by a massive 21%.
Another major laggard was the diesel-based thermal units where also power
generation plunged by more than a quarter. Another thermal segment where
production increased faster than the overall trends was lignite-based units
where power generation increased by 5.6%.
However, the most important reason for the poor performance of the thermal
power segment was the coal-based units, which accounted for 80% of the
total thermal power production. Generation in the sector increased by a mere
3.4% and the plant load factor even went down by more than two
percentage points to 74%.
A major reason for the poor performance of coal-based thermal units was the
shortfall in coal supplies in almost all regions, except the north-eastern
region, which pulled down power generation by 5.9 BU because only 85% of
the requirements were met. Numbers at the end of January indicated that
the coal stock was critical in 27 stations and super-critical (with less than
four days' stock) in 17 stations.
81
ENERGY PAGE
Another reason for the poor power generation was the delay in the
commissioning and stabilisation of some new plants, which further reduced
generation by 6 BU.
Hits and misses
Power generation in April-January 2010-11
Category
Thermal
Nuclear
Hydro
Total
Target achieved (%)

95.9
113.5
100.4
96.9
Growth (%)
3.5
37.7
8.9
5
Capacity addition in April-January 2010-11(MW)

Category
Target
Thermal
16519
Nuclear
220
Hydro
1009
Total
17748
Source: Central Electricity Authority
Achievement
9500
220
490
10210
*****
Fresh norms for renewable energy tariff in Haryana
Haryana Electricity Regulatory Commission (HERC) has issued guidelines for
fixation of tariff for renewable energy projects, renewable purchase
obligation and renewable energy certificate implementation in the state.
These guidelines will set general parameters of tariff for all the projects
based on renewable energy sources that are being set up in the state.
The control period for these norms will be three years i.e. these norms will be
valid for three years of which the first year will be 2010-11. The commission
will determine the generic tariff on basis of suo-motu petition at least six
months in advance in the beginning of each year of the control period. The
tariff will be fixed every year by HERC and this years tariff is also expected
to be fixed soon.
A common tariff will be fixed by the commission but in case of a few
technologies, projects specific tariff will be fixed on case to case basis. These
technologies include - municipal solid waste, poultry litter, mixed feed, new
renewable energy technologies approved by MNRE, hybrid solar thermal
power plant, biomass power projects other then rankine cycle, solar PV and
solar thermal if a project developer opts for projects specific tariff.
82
ENERGY PAGE
The generic tariff shall be determined on levelised basis for the tariff period
based on return of equity, interest on loan capital/ working capital including
margin money, depreciation and O&M expenses
*****
Tidal
power
project
in
Gujarat
State-run power utility Gujarat
Power
Corporation
Limited
(GPCL) has zeroed in on a site
suitable for the commissioning
of 50 MW tidal power project.
This will be the first big tidal
power project to be ever
commissioned in the country,
as
only
a
demonstration
project for setting up 3.75 MW
capacity tidal energy power
plant is being executed by
National
Hydro
Power
Corporation Ltd in Sunderban
region of West Bengal.
GPCL had inked a MoU with the UK based Atlantis Resource Corporation in
2009 Vibrant Gujarat Global Investor Summit for commissioning of tidal
power projects in the state.
GPCL had conducted a study for commissioning of 250 MW of tidal power
projects in Gujarat during which two sites were found feasible. The
Corporation has now narrowed down to a site in Mandvi near Gulf of Kutch
for commissioning of 50 MW project.
The tidal power project requires huge area along the coastline which is free
from defence clearances and at the same time doesn''t falls within any port
limits, so site selection is a tedious exercise.
*****
Shale gas blocks auctions put off by a year
The Government of India has deferred the auction of shale gas blocks for
exploration by a year as the environment ministry has raised questions about
the safety of the methods used in extracting this energy source that could
meet India's fast growing energy needs.
83
ENERGY PAGE
The petroleum ministry, which earlier said it would auction shale gas blocks this year,
will now make the offer only next year, as it wants to comprehensively address
environment concerns over the excessive use of water, pumping of chemicals into the
earth and the larger number of wells needed for shale gas exploration.
Schlumberger Limited, which carried out a pilot project for ONGC in the Damodar Valley
basin, has made an initial gas-in-place estimate of 300-2100 trillion cubic feet (TCF) in
Indian shale gas basins. This is up to 300 times larger than Reliance Industries operated
gas field in the Krishna Godavari basin (D6).
But unlike conventional oil exploration, shale gas exploration is continuously mobile and
moves from one spot to another, requiring more land for exploration.
Besides, shale exploration involves pumping chemicals into rocks with water. This could
eat into the amount of water available for human consumption, besides contaminating
ground water. As per the government's assessment, one shale gas well has to be drilled
in every five acre and each such well would require two million gallons of water to pump
gas.out. This requirement could exhaust the entire sweet water in the Cambay basin in
Gujarat, that is identified for offering to explorers. Assam, another shale gas reserve in
the country, is a densely populated area. The petroleum ministry wants to have an
understanding with all the stake holders on the issue of acquiring land in such areas for
shale exploration.
Shale gas has changed the energy landscape of the US, where it accounts for 17% of
the total natural gas production. Commercial success in shale gas is now limited to only
the US and Canada.
*****
NPCIL develops first nuclear reactor for thorium utilisation
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited
(NPCIL) has developed the first of its kind
Advance Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR)
having 300 MW capacity for thorium
utilisation, whose design is under review of
AERB.
The move is significant for development of
third stage technology for nuclear reactors,
especially when availability of uranium-235
in India, a natural fuel for reactors, is just
0.7 per cent in the estimated 60,000
tonnes of natural uranium reserves in the
country. The remaining 99.3 per cent is
uranium-238.
The construction work of AHWR is slated
to begin in 12th Five Year Plan.
84
PRICE DETAILS
Unsaturated polyester resins
Ashland has increased the price of unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester
resins, and gelcoats sold in Africa, Europe, and the Mideast by 100 per
tonne effective January 1, 2010.
Cytec Industries will increase monomer and epoxy acrylates selling prices in
Africa, Europe, and the Mideast by 0.25 per kg, effective January 31, 2010
or as contracts allow.
*****
Feedstock Prices
The Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources (Riyadh) of Saudi Arabia
Government is likely to implement a phased increase in the price of gas sold
to Saudi industrial users, including chemical producers, and reduce the
discount that is applied to the price of propane, analysts say.
A report by HSBC Global Research, published by Sriharsha Pappu, Mideast
chemicals analyst, and Tarek Alarifi, Saudi Arabia equities analyst, says that
feedstock pricing changes are likely to be announced in 2011.
HSBC assumes that the price of gas in Saudi Arabia, including ethane, will
rise from $1.25 per million Btu in 2012 to $1.50/million Btu in the following
year and be fixed at $2.00 per million Btu from 2014. The discount on the
price of propane will change from 28% this year to 27% in 2012 and 26% in
2013, and the discount will stabilize at 25% from 2014, the analysts say.
The impact on margins from these feedstock price increases is highest for
companies with the biggest cost advantages, such as [fertilizer producer]
Safco, while those with lower cost advantages and margins, such as Sabic,
are least affected, the report says.
*****
Caustic soda / Methylene chloride /PVC
Ineos ChlorVinyls will increase the price of caustic soda by 75 per tonne for
first-quarter 2011 contracts due to continued supply limitations and low
stocks, combined with rising costs of production.
The company also increased the price of methylene chloride by 40/ton and
suspension-polyvinyl chloride by 90 per tonne on January 1, or as contracts
allow, due to rising feedstock prices
******
85
PRICE DETAILS
Palm oil
Benchmark palm oil prices would average at a record of 3,300 ringgit
($1,088) a tonne this year, as demand for biofuels offsets improving
harvests, a Reuters poll of vegetable oil traders, analysts, producers and
consumers found.
The figure is 15.7% higher than an earlier record average of 2,853 ringgit in
2008 and much higher than 2010 average of around 2,700 ringgit
*****
Mentha oil
Prices of mentha oil, a key ingredient for pharmaceutical, confectionery and
FMCG industries, are likely to increase due to the increase in acreage and
production in the new season. A 15% increase in the oil prices to Rs.1,190
per kg in the past one month has ensured more menthe acreage this year.
Daily average supplies of menthe oil at Chandausi, Sambhal, Barabanki,
Rampur, Badayun and Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh, which produce nearly 85%
of the countrys menthe oil, are at around 250 to 300 drums (each of 180 kg)
a day which is expected to increase with further supplies beginning from April
end.
Prices have been bullish this year owing toa good export order from the US,
Singapore, Japan, Europe and China.
*****
Major ayurvedic brands
likely to be brought under
price control regime
Currently, there are no
price
controls
on
ayurvedic medicines and
prices of select allopathic
drugs is regulated by the
drug
price
regulator,
National
Pharmaceutical
Pricing Authority (NPPA)
which falls under the
ambit
of
ministry of
chemicals and fertilisers.
There is a need to bring in AYUSH medicines under Essential Drug List. A pervasive
price control on all essential drugs is needed, especially in the post patent regime, said
a high-level expert panel under the Planning Commission which is currently preparing a
blueprint to achieve the goal of Health for All by 2020. This 15-member expert panel
was constituted in October 2010 by Planning Commission.
86
PRICE DETAILS
In a bid to slash the prices of some of the top over-the-counter drug brands, the
Government of India is contemplating a move to bring ayurvedic drugs under price
control. The plan is to prepare an essential drug list of ayurvedic drugs and medicine
from other traditional systems such as Unani and Homeopathy on the lines of chemical
drugs and determine a price ceiling of these drugs based on a scientific formula.
The proposal has already met stiff resistance from the ayurveda industry which has
termed the move unfeasible. A proposal like this can only come from sections which
have very little knowledge of ayurveda. This stream of medicine has over 32,000
combinations and is based on the principle that every individual has a unique
composition.
*****
Glycidyl ester / Hydroxyl acrylate monomer
Momentive Specialty Chemicals will increase global prices for all grades of Cardura
glycidyl ester and ACE hydroxyl acrylate monomer by 150 per tonnes or $200 per
tonnes and Veova monomers and Versatic acids by 220 per tonnes or $300 per
tonnes, effective February 15 .
*****
Ethylene
North American ethylene prices spiked in the wake of Enterprise Product Partners
outage at its Mont Belvieu, TX,USA natural gas storage facility.
Two of Enterprises four fractionators also went down after the fire and remained down
for about 10 days, removing about 150,000 bpd of natural gas liquids (NGL) processing
capacity from the Mont Belvieu facility. This has created some logistical difficulties,
forcing some producers to adjust feedstock levels to consume heavier feedstocks,
sources say. Enterprise says it has declared force majeure and access to the 16-million
barrels of NGL storage facility has been cut off.
CERTIFICATE COURSE IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

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87
LNG PRICES MAY RISE BY $5

The earthquake and consequent tsunami in Japan is expected to push up
spot liquified natural gas (LNG) prices from around $9 per mmbtu to $13 to
14 per mmbut in the next three months, said a Crisil report.
The research said nuclear power generation in Japan has been adversely
impacted by the earthquake and consequent tsunami. Shutdown of 11
reactors has caused a total loss of 12.4 GW of power capacity, which
comprises about 5% of Japans aggregate power generation capacity.
The research pointed out that Japan is the worlds largest producer of nuclear
power, which accounts for around 30% of the countrys total power
generation. The plants that were shut down owing to earthquake, represent
an estimated 25% of its nuclear power capacity, implying a shortage of
power supply and the shortfall will have to be met with by coal or LNG-based
capacities, thus resulting in higher imports of coal, LNG and petroleum
products.
It is noted that the majority of the regasification capacity in Japan has not
been affected by the tsunami. This is crucial since it is expected Japans LNG
imports to increase as the government tries to meet the power deficit
(caused by the nuclear plant shutdowns) through gas and coal-based power
plants, the Crisil research pointed out.
As Japan does not have reserves of gas and crude oil, it imports more than
80% of its energy requirements.
It is expected that 60% of the shutdown power capacities will be substituted
with coal-based capacities, while LNG-based capacities will make up for the
rest. The 40% substitution with gas-based capacities to boost the gas
demand by 6 to 8 million tonne per annum which represents around 11% of
the total global spot LNG trade in 2009.
This would in addition to Japans substantial LNG imports of 63.9 MTPA,
which account for 35% of total LNG trade during 2009.
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90
TENDER
S.
NO.
NAME OF THE COMPANY
Tamil Nadu Industrial Explosives Ltd

Tel Post,
Vellore-632 059
PRODUCT NAME
Acetone
Activated carbon
Ammonium nitrate melt /
Ammonium nitrate uncoated
Amyl acetate
Aluminium Du powder
Aluminium granules
Aluminium flake powder
Aluminium powder
(pyrotechnic)
Conc.Nitric acid (98%)
Di penta erythritol
Detergen meripol M-108
Guar gum4 500 /5500 cps
Jute stick powder
HDPE-Layflat (Diff.varieties)
Lead nitrate
Lime powder
Micro crystalline wax
Monomethyl amine
(Anhydrous)
Nitro thinner
Nitro lacquer
Paraffin wax
Paraffin oil
Pure salt
Penta erythritol
Poly iso butalinic succinic
anhydride (PIBSA) (Molesan)
Potassium pyro antimonite
(PPA)
PVC compound DF blue
PVC compound wire coating
Read lead powder
Resin
Sodium azide
Sodium hydroxide pellets (Lr
grade)
Sodium chloride (common salt)
Sodium nitrate
Sodium nitrite
Sorbitan mono oleate
Sodium per chlorate
Soya lecithin
Sulphur
Tin sticks (99.98%)
Tech. grade urea
Thio urea
Tri chloro ethylene
Zinc chloride purified
QUANTITY
IN TONNES
150 tonnes
750 kgs
TENDER NO.
& DATE
6000 tonnes
1000 kgs
18000 kgs
6000 kgs
27000 kgs
100 kgs
675 kgs
3000 kgs
3000 kgs
51000 kgs
36000 kgs
36000 kgs
15000 kgs
12000 kgs
45000 kgs
160 tonnes
600 ltrs
800 kgs
63000 kgs
45000 kgs
60000 kgs
175 tonnes
55000 kgs
2400 kgs
158 tonnes
125 tonnes
65 kgs
4500 kgs
3600 kgs
180 kgs
350000 kgs
480 tonnes
6000 kgs
128 kgs
90000 kgs
13000 kgs
18000 kgs
250 kgs
90000 kgs
5000 kgs
10200 kgs
65 kgs
91
TENDER
S.
NO.
2
7
8
NAME OF THE COMPANY
PRODUCT NAME
Rashtriya Chemicals And Fertilisers

Ltd
Administrative Building,
Chembur, Mumbai-400 074
Kerala Livestock Development Board
Ltd
Gokulam Pattom P.O.
Thiruvananthapuram-695 004 Kerala
Tamil Nadu Newsprint And Papers
Limited
Kagithapuram-639 136
Karuru District, Tamil Nadu
Balmer Lawrie & Co Ltd
149, Jackeria Bunder Road,
Sewree,Mumbai-400 015
Con.sulphuric acid (98%

min)
National Aluminium Co Ltd

Nalco Bhawan,
P/1, Nayapall,
Bhubaneswar-751 061
Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals Ld
4-Meera Marg, Udaipur-313001
Hindustan Newsprint Limited
Newsprint Nagar-686 616,
Kottayam Dist,Kerala
Steel Authority Of India Ltd
SAIL Refractory Unit (SRU)
Bokaro Steel City, Jharkhand-827004
QUANTITY
IN TONNES
2250 (10% at
RCFs option
Liquid nitrogen
Dry ground calcium

carbonate
1043/2011/PR
4000
Epoxy phenolic coating

lacquer to plants at Silvassa,
Kilkata, Chennai and Assoti
(Faridabad)
Caustic soda lye
Sodium oleate (soft soap)

Emulsion based cast booster
Caustic soda lye
Chlorine
Hydrogen peroxide
Natural flaky graphite (96%
fixed carbon
TENDER NO.
& DATE
DC/MR-20896
2011
95056
IP/PT/03/COATING/10-11
NBC/MM/01/GTN/CSSL/2011
22.2.2011
10000
18
4700
900
5100
2400
Natural flaky graphite (94%

fixed carbon
660
Sintered tabular alumina
400
NIT NO.RSMM/CO/MM/NIT19&20/2010-11 Dt.28.3.2011

HNL/PUR/5/1653
HNL/PUR/5/1654
HNL/PUR/5/1656
SRU/HO/MM/OTE/01 Date
31.1.2011
PUBLICATION ON
MINERAL BASED CHEMICAL PROJECT OPPORTUNITIES IN INDIA IN 2011
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92
CHEMICALS IMPORTED AT THE CHENNAI PORT

DURING THE MONTH OF JANUARY 2011
NAME OF THE CHEMICAL
VALUE
QUANTITY
IN RS.
CATEGORY: ORGANIC CHEMICALS
1, 4 Butanediol
1,1,3,3, Tetramethyl Guanidine
1,1-Cyclohexanediacetic Acid Monoamide
1,3 Dioxolane
1,3-Difluoro Benzene
1,3-Difluorobenzene
1 Bromo-3-Chloro Propane
1 Chloro Methyl Naphthalene 99 Pct
1-Cyclopropyl-6,7 Difluoro-1,4 -Dihydro-8-Methoxy-4-Oxo-3-Qui
1-Cyclopropyl-6,7-Difluoro-1, 4-Dihydro-8-Methoxy-4-Oxo-3-Qui
1-Cyclopropyl-6,7-Difluoro-1,4-Dihydro-8-Methoxy-4-Oxo-3-Quin
1-Methyl 3 Phenyl Piperazine
1-Methyl-3-Phenyl Piperazine
1-Phenyl Piperazine
2,2 Dimethoxy Propane
2,3-Dideoxy Inosine
2,3-Pyridine Dicarboxylic Acid
2,5-Dihydroxy 1,4-Dithiane
2,5-Dihydroxy-1,4-Dithiane
2,6 Diethyl Aniline 99% Min
2,6- Xylenol 99.5%
2 Ethylhexyl Chloroformate
2-Butanol
2-Chloro-4- Amino 6,7 Dimethoxyquinazoline
2-Chloro-4-Amino-6,7-Dimethoxyquinazoline
2-Cyano-4-Bromomethyl Biphenyl [Adc Ref No: List Ii Sl No 67
2-Ethyl Hexyl Chloroformate
2-Ethyl Hexyl Chloroformate ( Po#180104 )
2-Ethyl Hexyl Chloroformate ( Po#180104 )
2-Ethyl-2-Methylbutanoic Acid
2-Methyl-5-Mercapto Thiadiazole
2-N-Butyl-1-3-Diaza-Spiro(4,4)Non-1-En-4-One Hcl
2-Thiophene Ethanol
2-(2-Chloroethoxy) Ethanol [Adc Ref No: List Ii Sl No 29]
3-Amino Methyl Pyridine
3-Chloro Propylamine Hydrochloride
3-Chloro Propylamine Hydrochloride
3-Chloro-5-Fluorobenzoic Acid
3-Methoxy-1-Propanol
3-Oxo-4-Aza-5alpha-Androstane-17 Beta Carboxylic Acid
3-(Trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-(1,2,4)-Triazolo(4,3a)
4, 4-Dihydroxy Diphenyl Sulfone
4,5-Dimethyl 1,3-Dioxolen-2-One
4- Bromo Fluoro Benzene 99.5 Pct
4-Amino-2-Chloro-6,7-Dimethoxy Quinazoline
4-Chloromethyl-5-Methyl-1,3-Dioxo L-2-One Dmdo-Cl
4-Tertbutyl-4-Chloro Butyro Phenone 98percent
5 Chloro 2 Methyl 4 Isothiazolin 3 One (Cmit/Mit 14%) (Chlor
2013616.80
1302558.37
4176390.40
2154683.90
1841154.25
2852623.80
170582.52
3004958.48
366933.00
964858.05
1692558.00
3192887.75
1891243.58
3730536.00
3705614.25
2316591.55
546155.38
9073032.00
2349219.60
4311563.75
1244527.05
1792192.48
1311647.61
2028524.20
751377.38
538855.20
1433303.63
1817848.50
1991243.28
1991243.28
1991243.28
34873596.74
973015.06
6355728.00
3520100.48
279669.00
82900.80
1103041.20
2210688.00
125750.15
3329925.56
15847910.00
2367278.40
1608096.75
1095370.25
3878076.80
434768.64
554676.85
773740.80
536032.25
16.00 Mts
4140.00 Kgs
8000.00 Kgs
17200.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
963.07 Kgs
16965.31 Kgs
2071.62 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
500.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
580.00 Kgs
1500.00 Kgs
1500.00 Kgs
700.00 Kgs
3060.00 Kgs
500.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
10000.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
15200.00 Kgs
7000.00 Kgs
15200.00 Kgs
4960.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
300.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
24400.35 Kgs
2500.00 Kgs
1500.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
400.00 Kgs
10.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
2.00 Kgs
7600.00 Kgs
400.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
15000.00 Kgs
500.00 Kgs
10000.00 Kgs
80.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
400.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
COUNTRY
NL
CN
CN
BE
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
KR
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
US
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
93
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
5 Cyano Pthalide
5-Ethyl-2-Methylpyridine (Mep)
5-Fluoro Cytosine
5-Fluorocytosine
5-Fluoro-2,4-(1h,3h)-Pyrimidinedione
5-Methyl Isoxazole-4- Carboxylic Acid Trifluoro Methylaniline
5-Methyl Uridine
6 - Amino Purine
6-Amino-5-Bromoquinoxaline 99%
6-Apa (6-Amino Penicillanic Acid)
7 - Amino Cephalosporanic Acid (7 Aca)
7-Aca (7- Amino Cephalosporanic Acid )
7-Amino Cephalosporanic Acid(7-Aca)
Aas-2b:Dialac Tw23v 0000k (Acrylonitrile Acrylate Styrene Res
Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile
Acetyl Chloride
Acid C09 Pelargonic A01947
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Af312c Black 9001
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Er451 Natural
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Xr 401 Blk 9001
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Xr404 Black 9001
Alimet 88% (Liquid Methionine)
Alkyl Ketene Dimer
Allyl Caproate
Allyl Caproate
Allyl Caproate
Allyl Heptanoate
Allyl Phenoxy Acet
Allyloxalyl Chloride
Alpha-(2-4-Dichlorophenyl)-1h-Imidazole-1-Ethanol
Ambrofix (Aromatic Chemicals)
Ammonium Adipate (Chemicals For Electrolytic Capacitors)
Ammonium Pentaborate (Chemicals For Electrolytic Capacitors)
Arcol Polyol 5613
Asa:Dialac Tw23v Rmg2003b (Acrylonitrile Acrylate Styrene Re
A-(3-(2-(7-Choro-2-Quinolinyl)Ethenyl)Phenyl)-2-(1-Hydroxy-1Bergamyl Acetate Rect A01210
Beta - Cyclodextrin
Betamethasone
Betamethasone
Biofos Monocalcium Phosphate
Bis(Trimethyl Silyl) Trifluoro Acetamide
Butene-1
Butene-1
Butyl Acetate
Caprylic Acid
Carbamate Func Acrylic (Rc-87-7337)
Carbonic Acid-4-Nitrophenyl-5-Thiazolyl Methyl Ester
Carbosulfan Technical
Chloro Sulfonyl Isocyanate
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate
Cholic Acid
3495862.50
3020425.20
815191.20
11419817.50
5158272.00
2026464.00
9671886.25
3776592.00
207252.00
69774840.00
11237664.00
21343501.80
5434608.00
145567.71
1008299.97
103971.42
891106.84
23543.73
400687.20
575700.00
359236.80
854338.80
3085752.00
5903800.91
441294.30
588392.39
588392.39
117483.41
165173.44
815701.25
654600.25
125968.51
141238.72
243465.93
1683607.38
795425.25
6217560.00
13720.85
2668508.38
1864749.87
3569340.00
5921991.08
4288258.00
75.28
909277.80
1582934.05
45339.50
119009.81
550015.70
750130.71
1114555.20
624548.15
2007324.25
36233915.64
QUANTITY
2000.00 Kgs
6480.00 Kgs
300.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
6.00 Kgs
50000.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
4175.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
12800.00 Kgs
1050.00 Kgs
15200.00 Kgs
25.00 Kgs
3.00 Mts
5.00 Mts
3.00 Mts
7.00 Mts
20000.00 Kgs
48750.00 Kgs
525.00 Kgs
700.00 Kgs
700.00 Kgs
175.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
525.00 Kgs
5.00 Kgs
800.00 Kgs
1500.00 Kgs
16800.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
300.00 Kgs
25.00 Kgs
25000.00 Kgs
25.00 Kgs
50.00 Kgs
242.00 Mts
2000.00 Kgs
1.00 Kgs
12079.00 Kgs
23.04 Mts
180.00 Kgs
900.00 Lbs
100.00 Kgs
1113.72 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
920.00 Kgs
7425.00 Kgs
12000.00 Kgs
COUNTRY
CN
CH
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
JP
TW
JP
DE
ID
KR
KR
KR
KR
US
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CH
JP
JP
SG
JP
CN
ID
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
TW
TW
RU
DE
US
CN
US
CN
DE
CH
BR
94
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Choline Chloride 60% Feed Grade

Citral 95 Rz0072
Citral 95 Rz0072
Citric Acid Mono Hydrate
Citric Acid Mono Hydrate
Citric Acid Monohydrate
Citronellol
Citronellylnitrile
Commercial Alpha Pinene (Cyclo Terpene)
Creatine Mono Hydrate
Cyclohexane 1,1-Diacetic Acid Monoamide 99% Min
Cyclohexane 1,1-Diacetic Acid Monoamide 99% Min
Cyclohexane 1,1-Diacetic Acid Monomide
Cyclohexanone-(Adc Ref:Listii S.No:229)
Cyclohexyl Salicylate S19082
Cyclopropylacetylene
Cyclopropylamine (Cpa)
Desmodur 2460 M (Isocyanate)
Desmodur L75 (Isocyanate)
Desmodur T80c (Toluene Diisocyanate)
Desmodur T80c (Toluene Di-Isocyanate)
Dexamethasone
Di Methyl Formamide
Dicyanadiamide
Dicyandiamide [Adc Ref. No. List I Slno.76]
Diethyl Carbonate
Diethyl Tosyloxy Methyl Phosphonate
Dihydro Isojasmonate
Diisopropyl Ether
Diisopropyl Ether
Dimeth Benz Carb Acet
Dimeth Benz Carb Buty
Dimethyl Acetamide
Dimethyl Acetylene Dicarboxylate
Dimethyl Acrylic Acid-3, 3 Dimethyl Acrylic Acide
Dimethyl Benzyl Carbinyl Acetate
Dimethyl Disulphide
Dimethyl Formamide
Dimethyl Formamide
Dimethyl Formamide
Dimethyl Formamide
Dimethyl Formamide
Dimethyl Formamide
Dimethyl Formamide
Dimethyl Formamide
Dimethyl Formamide
Dimethyl Formamide
Dimethyl Heptanolbm
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide -(Adc Ref-List I S.No:80)
Dipyridamol
Ditert Butyl Dicarbonate
Dl - Methionine Feed Grade
704765.88
23855.57
270363.11
105341.42
852617.88
1678014.00
155309.52
490968.25
2630753.06
74112.29
5873049.00
5873049.00
4446737.10
908924.25
42098.06
11559652.00
4043997.08
1874608.62
2460492.90
1033592.53
399926.67
851061.90
86778.96
113758.32
6190007.20
689850.20
2170158.72
3501177.12
72538.20
4070582.30
1170326.14
1380819.08
1383429.32
225568.15
227594.82
1904139.26
2936070.00
3111317.63
454905.50
1947894.59
487048.26
689850.20
689850.20
689850.20
689850.20
689850.20
689850.20
765174.38
765174.38
795781.36
88427.52
2285589.60
1249959.84
84196.13
1378768.17
3915366.00
QUANTITY
16.00 Mts
45.00 Kgs
510.00 Kgs
2.75 Mts
22.25 Mts
48.00 Mts
340.00 Kgs
680.00 Kgs
13.60 Mts
200.00 Kgs
12000.00 Kgs
12000.00 Kgs
9000.00 Kgs
15.00 Mts
50.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
6000.00 Kgs
17500.00 Kgs
18000.00 Kgs
8063.50 Kgs
3120.00 Kgs
6639.50 Kgs
677.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
80.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
19000.00 Kgs
42.00 Mts
75.00 Kgs
7100.00 Kgs
540.00 Kgs
11200.00 Kgs
11200.00 Kgs
600.00 Kgs
400.00 Kgs
30.40 Mts
750.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
1800.00 Kgs
21.00 Mts
12000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
15200.00 Kgs
15200.00 Kgs
15.20 Mts
160.00 Kgs
36000.00 Kgs
18.40 Mts
3.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
COUNTRY
CN
ID
ID
CN
CN
CN
DE
DE
ID
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
ID
CN
CN
CN
DE
KR
KR
KR
KR
KR
CN
SA
CN
CN
CN
CN
NL
CN
CN
CN
CN
KR
CN
CN
CN
CN
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
KR
KR
KR
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
BE
95
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Dl - Methionine Feed Grade

Dl-Methionine 99 Percent Feed Grade
Dl-Methionine Feed Grade
Doxycycline Hydrochloride
D(-)-Alpha Para Hydroxy Phenyl Glycine Methyl Potassium Dane
D-(-)- Phenyl Glycine Dane Salt (Ethyl Potassium)
Ecodizer Tex(Formic Acid)
Ethyl Cellulose (Ec) N-50
Ethyl Cellulose (Ec) N-7
Ethyl Chloro Formate
Ethyl Isobutyrate
Ethyl Maltol
Ethyl (R)-4-Cyano-3-Hydroxy Butanoate
Ethyllinalool
Eudragit L30 (Methacrylic Acid Copolymer)
Eugenol 85% (Aromatic Chemical)
Eugenol 926 (Aromatic Chemical)
Eva Emulsion Grade Da-101 (Lot No: M10120919 / Coo:Malaysia)
Exal(900 Bags) (Exal Is A Hydrated Magnesuim Silicate)
Formic Acid 85%
Formic Acid 85%
Formic Acid 85%
Formic Acid 85%
Formic Acid 85%
Formic Acid 85%
Formic Acid 85%
Gcle (7-Phenylacetamido-3-Chloromethyl Cephalosporanicacid-PGerahyl Acetate Extra
Glycidol
Glycol Ether Eb
Glycolether Eb
Hdk N20 (Hydrophilic Fumed Silica)60004600
Heliotropine (Piperonal) Usdea
Heptamethy Trisiloxane Rh-H121
Hexalon
Hexamethyl Disilazane (Hmds)
Hexyl Cinnamic Aldehyde
Hpmc E-5 (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose)
Hydrazine Hydrate 80%
Hydroxy Citronellal
Hydroxylamine Sulphate (Hydroxylammonium Sulphate)
Hydroxylammonium Sulphate
Hydroxylammonium Sulphate
Intermediate Chemical (6r,7r)-7-(2-(2-Aminao-4-Thiazolyi)Cloy
3930045.83
3775531.50
102364.42
3491112.02
488702.96
66244.10
4423365.62
1957683.00
6562899.20
918209.26
1764152.05
1782722.08
1364784.72
153827.04
298220.38
6166701.45
100848.25
170244.06
621410.83
490287.44
743863.61
216463.81
1584190.65
2593087.94
3168381.31
3168381.31
3229117.06
3229117.06
3457450.59
18831046.00
78027.65
10132.32
1293469.13
1293469.13
686121.28
686121.28
686121.28
686121.28
1395774.28
76913.52
337129.59
4617894.53
2800204.80
3635697.00
1040480.55
1040480.55
1953954.08
272332.35
272332.35
641141.18
641141.18
148504.24
7368960.00
1888296.00
1911071.50
5229.81
QUANTITY
COUNTRY
20000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
493.51 Kgs
16831.03 Kgs
2356.09 Kgs
319.37 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
34560.00 Kgs
2850.00 Kgs
2880.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
350.00 Kgs
2700.00 Kgs
175.00 Kgs
240.00 Kgs
600.00 Kgs
400.00 Kgs
17.16 Mts
18000.00 Kga
38400.00 Kgs
58800.00 Kgs
76800.00 Kgs
76800.00 Kgs
76800.00 Kgs
76800.00 Kgs
78400.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
180.00 Kgs
2.00 Kgs
14.80 Mts
14.80 Mts
3200.00 Kgs
3200.00 Kgs
3200.00 Kgs
3200.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
107.00 Kgs
25600.00 Kgs
15200.00 Kgs
10000.00 Kgs
8520.00 Kgs
8520.00 Kgs
16.00 Mts
2230.00 Kgs
2230.00 Kgs
5250.00 Kgs
5250.00 Kgs
180.00 Kgs
100000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
1.00 Kgs
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
CN
ES
CN
DE
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CH
DE
ID
ID
MY
ES
DE
DE
DE
DE
DE
DE
DE
CN
DE
DE
US
US
DE
DE
DE
DE
CN
CN
ES
CN
GB
CN
KR
KR
JP
KR
KR
KR
KR
DE
JP
DE
DE
CN
96
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Intermediate Chemical (6r,7r)-7-(2-(2-Amino-4-Thiazolyi)Gloyx

Intermediate Chemical (6r,7r)-7-(2-(2-Amino-4-Thiazolyi)Gloyx
Iodobenzene Diacetate
Iso Butyl Quinoline
Iso Butyl-5-Chloro-2,2-Dimethyl Valerate
Isoeugenol 915 (Aromatic Chemical)
Isopropyl Acetate
Ketorolac Tromethamine
K-Tert-Butylate
Laroflex Mp 45-Copolymer Of Vinyl Chloride
Lauric Acid 99%
Lauric Acid 99%
Lauric Acid 99%
Levasil 100/45%(Polysilicic Acid)
Levulinic Acid
Linalool
Linalool
Linalool
Linalool
Luperox ( 1,1-Di (Tert-Butylperoxy)-3,3,5-Trimethyl Cyclohexa
Lutamix Broiler - Vitamin Premix (Animal Feed Supplement)
Lutamix Layer - Vitamin Premix (Animal Feed Supplement)
Lyral
L-Lysine Monohydrochloride Feed Grade
L-Phenylalanine
L-Pyroglutamic Acid
L-Valine
Maleic Anhydride
Malonic Acid
Malonic Acid 99.5% Min
Malononitrile
Malononitrile
Mbpc:2-Tert-Butyl-4-Methyl Ph Enol [Indl Chemicals]
Mes [Methyl Ester Sulfonate]
Metallurgical Grade Silicon 441
Methyl Benzoate
Methyl Dihydro Jasmonate
Methyl Ionone Gamma Coeur
Methallyl Chloride [ Adc Ref : List I Sl No 125 ]
Methane Sulfonyl Chloride
Methoxylamine Hcl
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Methyl Methacrylate Ta 50 Ppm (+/- 10%) (Isceca No: 719409)
Methylene Chloride
Mica Acid
Minex S-7 Graco:Fs0199 (Nepheline Syenite)
Molybdenum Disulfide 415 (Raw Material For Brake Lining)
Mono Ammonium Phosphate 12-61-00 (
Mono Ammonium Phosphate [12-61-00]
Mono Propylene Glycol Industrial Grade
Monoethanolamine
Monosodium Glutamate
Musk Ying Hai 50% (Galaxolide)
N,N-Carbonyldiimidazole
5224580.49
5229810.30
315023.04
216558.22
5361254.73
721115.80
865855.22
193849.70
1160626.35
166521.23
5648180.84
6795196.18
6859567.92
1123891.97
111494.71
2484563.64
2529625.80
2529625.80
3739789.80
1116811.54
365900.28
230726.93
454170.37
1615088.48
489769.20
1712972.63
2680161.25
7586021.63
1592714.96
1398345.00
1079522.34
4116727.68
179870.52
5436765.36
5277458.06
75776.51
1184248.87
323193.39
619019.36
1556824.10
575652.03
1118138.18
10789536.80
923933.15
3387490.76
180386.51
1469227.79
3373507.31
11769403.75
1322834.37
1322834.37
1322834.37
1068775.54
1272493.95
836210.31
482429.03
QUANTITY
999.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
45.00 Kgs
17.00 Kgs
8100.00 Kgs
600.00 Kgs
14.40 Mts
1.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
81.25 Mts
97.75 Mts
97.50 Mts
10800.00 Kgs
400.00 Kgs
8000.00 Kgs
8000.00 Kgs
8000.00 Kgs
12920.00 Kgs
4.00 Mts
1000.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
600.00 Kgs
17.50 Mts
1000.00 Kgs
5.00 Mts
5000.00 Kgs
105.00 Mts
5000.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
2400.00 Kgs
9600.00 Kgs
720.00 Kgs
108.00 Mts
40000.00 Mts
450.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
175.00 Kgs
5.04 Mts
20000.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
13200.00 Kgs
79820.00 Kgs
21.20 Mts
3000.00 Kgs
6000.00 Kgs
600.00 Kgs
75.00 Mts
250.00 Mts
17.20 Mts
17.20 Mts
17.20 Mts
16.40 Mts
21.00 Mts
3000.00 Kgs
500.00 Kgs
COUNTRY
CN
CN
CN
ES
CN
ID
CN
ES
US
SG
MY
MY
MY
NL
CN
CH
CH
CH
DE
CN
MY
MY
CN
ID
CN
CN
US
MY
CN
CN
CH
CH
CN
MY
CN
IT
ID
CN
CN
CN
CN
TW
SG
GB
CN
NO
JP
CN
CN
SG
SG
SG
US
CN
CN
CN
97
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
N Octyl Isothiozolinone (Oit 45%)

Nebores Ep Ester Os - (Epoxy Ester)
Neobor Borax Pentahydrate
Neobor Borax Pentahydrate Tg Bulk
Nepc3 (Neopentyl Glycol)
Nife 47 Cr 0.38 Mm Bkw Sp Lead In Wire
Nitromethane 99 Percent Min
N-Benzylethanolamine
N-Butyl Chloride 99.50% Min
N-Butyllithium 30% In Hexane
N-Butyllithium Abt 30% In Hexane
N-Propyl Bromide (Intermediate Chemical)
N-(4-Amino-1-Benzyl-3-Hydroxy-5-Phenyl-Pentyl)-3-Methyl-2-(2N-(4-Cyano-3-(Trifluoro Methyl)Phenyl)-2-Methyloxirane-2-Carb
N-[1-(S)-Ethoxycarbonyl-3-Phenylpropyl]-L-Alanine
N.N- Diisopropylcarbodiimide
O,O-Di Ethyl Thio Phosphoryl Chloride
O,O-Di Ethyl Thio Phosphoryl Chloride
Optalys 68 (Cerium Zirconium Oxide)
Optibor Tg Ba Granular (Boric Acid Granular)
Optibor Tg Ba Granular (Boric Acid Granular)
Ortho Chloro Phenol
Ortho Chloro Phenol
Oxyphenylon
Para Amino Phenol
Para Amino Phenol
Para Amino Phenol [Adc Ref.No.List I Sl.No.152]
Para Amino Phenol [Adc Ref.No.List I Sl.No.152]
Para Tertiary Butyl Benzoic Acid
Phathalic Anhydride
Phenyl Chloro Formate 99% Min
Phenyl Ethyl Acetate
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol
Phenyl Hydrazine Sulphate 98pct.Min
Phenylacetaldehyde Dma
Phenylethyl Alcohol Packed In One Iron Drum
Piperonyl Butoxide (Chemical)
Polyamide (Ultramid B3zg7 Osi Black 23273 )
Polyethylene Compound Grade Me6052
Polysantol 974656 (Aroma Chemical)
Potassium Titanate 344 (Raw Material For Brake Lining)
Purified Isophthalic Acid
Purified Terephthalic Acid
Purified Terephthalic Acid (Pta)
PVC Agglomerate
Quintac 3433n (Styrene Black Co-Polymer)
Racemic -2- Azabicyclo-(3,3,0)-Octane-3-Carboxylic Acid Benzy
Refined Glycerine 99.5%
R(+) Alpha Methyl Benzylamine
R-9-(2-Phosphonyl Methoxy Propyl)Adenine(Pmpa)
R-Propylene Carbonate
R-Propylene Carbonate
1318919.00
407399.43
716124.17
921089.85
437950.00
1040730.39
1241209.20
652740.75
2748161.52
1493408.83
1476652.32
9086764.63
9041987.76
405292.80
27692016.51
276336.00
3747564.60
339797.84
1939038.40
1939038.40
91418.29
125047.00
1333834.68
1426311.90
1426311.90
197119.68
15731381.25
9195516.72
6644771.02
881121.77
2806012.30
1063887.54
1351733.50
358851.24
2290489.11
1268382.24
121656.02
57798.26
1873782.30
1076725.65
1870646.25
1027969.92
621859.20
4996752.80
29406062.69
27046197.13
29398040.71
29398040.71
480785.97
847430.40
6292552.50
4353001.37
2749845.44
5066160.00
1579197.62
4754373.00
QUANTITY
COUNTRY
2700.00 Kgs
834.00 Kgs
1466.00 Kgs
7000.00 Kgs
15.93 Mts
39.87 Mts
12250.00 Kgs
402.54 Kgs
35.10 Mts
1575.00 Kgs
14400.00 Kgs
5130.18 Kgs
5104.90 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
1700.00 Kgs
30.00 Kgs
1500.00 Kgs
54.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
53.00 Kgs
3.67 Mts
39.20 Mts
20000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
400.00 Kgs
108000.00 Kgs
72000.00 Kgs
47677.75 Kgs
6322.25 Kgs
14000.00 Kgs
20.00 Mts
5000.00 Kgs
1600.00 Kgs
13000.00 Kgs
9000.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
6000.00 Kgs
33.00 Mts
180.00 Kgs
560.00 Kgs
80000.00 Kgs
504000.00 Kgs
504000.00 Kgs
504000.00 Kgs
504000.00 Kgs
17000.00 Kgs
5.00 Mts
1000.00 Kgs
198.70 Mts
5130.00 Kgs
500.00 Kgs
3080.00 Kgs
10000.00 Kgs
CN
CN
CN
TW
US
US
SE
AT
US
GB
DE
TW
DE
US
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
FR
US
US
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
JP
KR
CN
CN
CN
CN
IL
CN
CN
US
AE
CH
JP
KR
TH
TH
TH
TH
SG
JP
CN
ID
CN
CN
CN
CN
98
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
R-(-)-3-Quinuclidinol
SBR Latex (Carboxylated Styrene)
SBR Powder 168 (Raw Material For Brake Lining)
Sewon L-Lysine Feed Grade (Animal Feed Supplement)
Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose - Intermediate
Sodium Cmc Usp/Fcc/Ep/Jp/Jsfa
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Nf/Ep/Jp
Sodium Ligno Sulphonate
Styrene Butadiene Copolymer Latex Deb 3111
Sulfolane + Boron Trifluoride Complex
Suprasec 2456- Isocyanate
Syncomix Feed Grade (Vitamin A Premix Feed Grade )
Synthetic Aroma 28702 (Aromatic Raw Material)
Synthetic Aroma 886269 (Aromatic Raw Material)
Synthetic Aroma G07480 (Aromatic Raw Material)
S(+)-2-Amino Butyramide Hcl
S-2 -Aminobutanamide Hydrochloride
Tba Base (Tertiary Butyl Amine Base)
Tdi 80/20 (Toluene Di Isocyanate)
Tdi 80/20 (Toluene Di Isocyanate)
Tenoxicam Intermediate(2-Bromoethyl Methyl Either)
Terpinolene 20
Terpinolene Rect.N.I T20374
Tertiary Butanol
Tertiary Butyl Dimethyl Silyl Chloride [Adc Ref No: List Ii S
Tert-Butyl 4r,Cis 6-Acetyloxymethyl2,2dimethyl1,3dioxane4-Ace
Tert-Butyldimethylsilyl Chloride
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran [Adc Ref No : List 1 Sl No 192]
Tetrahydrofuran-(Tank Container)-(Adc Ref:List I-S.No:192)
Thionyl Chloride
Tismo D Potassium Octatitanate (Raw Material For Brake Lining
Toray 100-X01 Natural (Abs Granules)
Toray 884-X01 Natural (Abs Granules)
Toulene Di Isocyanate Cosmonate T80
Tricholoro Ethylene
Tricholoro Ethylene
Triethyle Citrate - Tec C33791
Ultradur S 4090 G2 Black 15051 Polybutylene Terephthalate 25k
Unexevat 1 Ma (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers)
Unwrought Molybdenum Powder Mo Omp -325 Mesh (-45u)
Uv Absorber 531 2-Hydroxy-4-N Octoxybenzophone
Valox Polybutylene Terephtalate (5031 Black 7001)
Vamplen 0024 Vo Naturale C ( Poly Propylene Granules)
Vanisperse Ht-1 (Lignosulphonate)
Vestolit P1353 K(Polymers Vinyl Chloride)
Vestolit@P1353 K(Polymers Vinyl Chloride)
(3s)-5'{(3-Amino-3-Carboxypropyl)Thio}-5'-Deoxyadenosine
5390572.00
29836.28
62869.28
1674051.72
4288258.00
233613.50
91351.77
430027.88
5409264.58
4697712.00
419652.58
419652.58
419652.58
1328427.75
65485.88
21828.63
154983.24
9788415.00
2533080.00
3799620.00
1250138.31
1282941.69
575652.03
129062.00
50517.68
982570.42
5757000.00
1491568.00
125732.88
2550581.28
5336084.52
2600494.81
2653140.72
2350892.16
3301551.99
3301551.99
3308128.79
797056.65
3766209.20
1059288.00
934936.80
2517021.00
1879375.68
1879375.68
3675.39
991892.72
514531.88
387129.97
226252.22
225692.88
1514925.67
292228.96
815143.23
1721460.79
20919498.75
QUANTITY
80.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
800.00 Kgs
18500.00 Kgs
40000.00 Kgs
340.00 Kgs
181.44 Kgs
26.00 Mts
105.50 Mts
20000.00 Kgs
3840.00 Kgs
3840.00 Kgs
3840.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
50.00 Kgs
50.00 Kgs
10.00 Kgs
7500.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
22000.00 Kgs
9.87 Mts
10.13 Mts
190.00 Kgs
700.00 Kgs
180.00 Kgs
12400.00 Kgs
10000.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
35.00 Kgs
14400.00 Kgs
28800.00 Kgs
14.40 Mts
14.40 Mts
14400.00 Kgs
20080.00 Kgs
20080.00 Kgs
20120.00 Kgs
22800.00 Kgs
8000.00 Kgs
10000.00 Kgs
7000.00 Kgs
20.00 Mts
22400.00 Kgs
22400.00 Kgs
15.00 Kgs
7000.00 Kgs
3300.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
300.00 Kgs
1800.00 Kgs
6000.00 Kgs
2400.00 Kgs
10000.00 Kgs
22500.00 Kgs
1500.00 Kgs
COUNTRY
LV
CN
JP
KR
CN
US
US
CN
NL
CN
NL
NL
NL
CN
ID
ID
ID
CN
CN
CN
KR
KR
CN
US
ID
JP
CN
CN
CN
DE
TW
TW
TW
JP
DE
DE
DE
CH
JP
MY
MY
KR
CN
CN
ID
DE
BE
US
CN
NL
IT
NO
DE
DE
IT
99
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
(4r-Cis)-1,1-Dimethylethyl-6-Cyanomethyl-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-Dio
(Aromatic Chemicals) Acetal R
(Aromatic Chemicals) Aldehyde C11 Undecylcnic
(Aromatic Chemicals) Dimetol
(Aromatic Chemicals) Ebanol
(Aromatic Chemicals) Givescone
(Aromatic Chemicals) Irisone Pure
(Aromatic Chemicals) Isojasmone B11
(Aromatic Chemicals) Javanol
(Aromatic Chemicals) Oxyoctaline Formate
(Aromatic Chemicals) Peonile
(Aromatic Chemicals) Sandalore
(Benothiazolyl-2-Yl)-2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-Yl)-(Z)-2-Methoxyimi
(Rs)-1- Aminoindane
(R) - Propylene Carbonate
(S)+2-Amino Butyramide-Hcl
(S)-2-Amino Butyramide Hcl
(S)-4-(4-Aminobenzyl)-2-Oxazolidinone
(Z)-2-Methoxy Imino (Furyl-2-Yl) Acetic Acid Ammonium Salt
24488460.00
186953.93
207737.07
240055.92
75430.31
144137.35
71243.01
172669.94
149044.16
160886.54
31257.28
31080.35
2971483.13
20509.06
1466397.79
3023484.08
9298994.25
1506031.20
12137634.60
QUANTITY
3000.00 Kgs
25.00 Kgs
170.00 Kgs
160.00 Kgs
25.00 Kgs
25.00 Kgs
50.00 Kgs
5.00 Kgs
5.00 Kgs
25.00 Kgs
25.00 Kgs
25.00 Kgs
3750.00 Kgs
0.80 Kgs
2860.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
7500.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
12000.00 Kgs
COUNTRY
GB
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CATEGORY: INORGANIC CHEMICALS

80987h06j-d dell carbon black text.hyb. Non-hazardous powder
Acticarbone eno pc(activated carbon )- ( 11 plts stc 462 bag
Alumina cl5000 (calcined)
Alumina ct1200 (calcined)
Aluminium oxide, srsk,grit- 54,80,46,60
Aluminium oxide 244 (raw material for brake lining)
Asahi 50 ug (carbon black)
Asahi 60 ug (carbon black)
Asahi 70 g (carbon black)
Asahi #8 ( carbon black)
Asahi - thermal ( carbon black)
Ascom 20t - coated calacium carbonate powder "g"
Barium carbonate powder
Barium sulfate 307 (raw material for brake lining)
Birla carbon n134 -carbon black
Birla carbon n134- carbon black
Birla carbon (carbon black n134)
Black iron oxide 247 (raw material for brake lining)
Boron trifluoride etherate crude
Bromine-elemental/bulk
Bromine-elemental/bulk
Brown fused alumina 16/f (am0015)
Brown fused alumina 40/f (am0008)
188453.67
1292070.78
835511.14
260092.17
12724.94
287947.20
426467.26
727139.40
727139.40
727139.40
727139.40
727139.40
72713.94
1054948.76
47643.98
484751.52
476335.69
850839.91
237887.32
216567.23
366158.20
1007311.81
1570994.00
3556271.00
6488.32
427101.10
1690202.07
1421329.97
3074449.86
724363.47
2528207.76
1766869.50
49207.76
218305.44
36384.24
709.09 kgs
6930.00 kgs
15.00 Mts
3.00 Mts
0.35 Mts
7.92 Mts
11.73 Mts
20.00 Mts
20.00 Mts
20.00 Mts
20.00 Mts
20.00 Mts
2.00 Mts
16000.00 kgs
48.00 kgs
3000.00 kgs
3000.00 kgs
4500.00 kgs
2000.00 kgs
2000.00 kgs
104.00 Mts
49.68 Mts
76.60 Mts
173.40 Mts
0.32 Mts
6000.00 kgs
22.71 Mts
19.09 Mts
41.80 Mts
2400.00 kgs
16.00 Mts
16481.00 kgs
459.00 kgs
6.00 Mts
1.00 Mts
US
FR
DE
DE
DE
DE
DE
DE
DE
DE
DE
DE
DE
IT
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
EG
CN
CN
CN
CN
JP
EG
EG
EG
JP
CN
JO
JO
CN
CN
100
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Brown fused alumina 4/8 (am0007)

Brown fused alumina 7/16 (am0018)
Calcined alumina
Calcined alumina
Calcined alumina martoxid mds-6
Calcined brown fused aluminium oxide f20,f24,f30,f54,f60,f70,
Calcium carbide
Calcium carbide, size:25-50mm, gas yeild: 295l/kg
Calcium carbide size 25-50 mm
Calcium carbide size:25-50mm
Calcium carbide size:50-80mm
Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate 50 (raw material for brake lining)
Calcium carbonate 56 (raw material for brake lining)
Calcium carbonate ep
Calcium carbonate lh-2300
Calcium carbonate omyacarbs 2t-ip
Calcium carbonate sp-2c
Calcium carbonate - omyacarb 2t-ip
Calcium ligno sulphonate [borresperse casa]
Calcium nitrate solution grade fertilizer
Carbon black
Carbon black - vulcan 3
Carbon black 453 (raw material for brake lining)
Carbon black hp 130
Carbon black hp1107
Carbon black hp1107
Carbon black hp1107
Carbon black hp130
Carbon black hp130
Carbon black isaf n220
Carbon black luvomaxx n-991
Carbon black n103
Carbon black n103
Carbon black n220
Carbon black n220
Carbon black n220
Carbon black n234
Carbon black n234
Carbon black n-220
Carbon black seast g116
Carbon black seast g116
Carbon black - blackpearls 1300
Carbon black - blackpearls 1300
Carbon black - elftex 415
Carbon black - monarch 1300
Carbon black - n220
Carbon black - n220
Carbon black - n220
Carbon black - n220
109152.72
545763.60
2982872.43
745718.11
3728590.54
978841.50
8058876.86
896364.90
810107.87
797920.20
797920.20
290855.76
8200.34
191341.29
6324.52
155682.41
155682.41
155682.41
626458.56
709079.77
290855.76
391536.60
2125484.40
588595.68
1100031.40
2790.39
611169.99
1253083.57
626541.78
626541.78
1207772.54
603886.27
2247532.80
245026.00
62175.60
62175.60
1211457.02
902789.71
902789.71
50983.99
50983.99
1211457.02
1203967.92
523464.31
601647.95
601647.95
97822.94
1276614.29
1276614.29
1276614.29
1276614.29
203825.43
1215940.11
2320301.28
2348287.37
2348287.37
QUANTITY
3.00 Mts
15.00 Mts
84.00 Mts
21.00 Mts
105.00 Mts
24.00 Mts
225.00 Mts
22500.00 Kgs
22.00 Mts
22.50 Mts
22.50 Mts
48.00 Mts
200.00 Kgs
12000.00 Kgs
25.00 Kgs
20.00 Mts
20.00 Mts
20.00 Mts
96.00 Mts
120.00 Mts
48.00 Mts
12.00 Mts
120.00 Mts
9000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
10.00 Kgs
8800.00 Kgs
17600.00 Kgs
8800.00 Kgs
8800.00 Kgs
17600.00 Kgs
8800.00 Kgs
40000.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
900.00 Kgs
900.00 Kgs
19.20 Mts
16200.00 Kgs
16200.00 Kgs
900.00 Kgs
900.00 Kgs
19.20 Mts
6900.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
2000.00 Lbs
2000.00 Lbs
720.00 Kgs
4200.00 Lbs
4200.00 Lbs
4200.00 Lbs
4200.00 Lbs
960.00 Kgs
19.20 Mts
44000.00 Kgs
44000.00 Kgs
44000.00 Kgs
COUNTRY
CN
CN
DE
DE
DE
CN
CN
CN
MY
CN
CN
MY
JP
JP
GB
TW
TW
TW
MY
MY
MY
ZA
NO
MY
MY
JP
KR
KR
KR
KR
KR
KR
CN
DE
KR
KR
KR
KR
KR
KR
KR
KR
JP
JP
MY
MY
US
MY
MY
US
US
US
KR
CN
CN
CN
101
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Carbon black - n220

Carbon black - n330
Carbon black - n339
Carbon black - n339
Carbon black - n339
Carbon black - n339
Carbon black - n-550
Carbon black - n-774
Carbon black - regal 350r
Carbon black - sterling so
Carbon black - sterling v
Carbon black - vulcan xc72r
Carbon black - vulcan xc72r
Caustic potash flakes
Caustic potash [potassium hydroxide]
Chinese calcined bauxite
Chromic oxide g5
Cobalt black oxide
Cobalt hydroxide
Cobalt oxide - or grade in 25 kg metallic drums
C/b hs-45 (carbon black for automotive parts manufacturing)
C/b hs-45 (carbon black for automotive parts manufacturing)
Dead burnt magnesite
Dead burnt magnesite mgo92%
Electrolytic manganese dioxide (emd)
Electrolytic manganese dioxide (emd)
Expansive mortar (calcium hydroxide composition)
Hydrated lime (high purity calcium hydroxide)
Insoluble sulphur
Insoluble sulphur
Limestone powder sm-600
Martoxid mds-6 {microfined calcined alumina}
Martoxid mds-6 {microfined calcined alumina}
Natural calcium carbonate lime stone powder imercarb-3 [honca
Neolight sp( calcium carbonate collodial)
Potassium carbonate 99.5% powder
Potassium chloride w/anticaking
Potassium hydroxide highpurity koh90%
Printex 35 powder (carbon black)
Silicon carbide-sika n1 98% 639/10 a
Silicon carbide-sika n1 98% 639/10 b
Silicon carbide-sika n1 98% 639/10 c
Silicon carbide-sika n1 98% 639/10 d
Slaked lime 2 (calcium hydroxide) (raw material for brake lin
4640602.56
1215179.16
1159416.61
2269639.68
2297014.72
2297014.72
388550.23
636699.96
149589.89
224384.83
224384.83
483726.17
483726.17
1137320.60
550015.70
275007.85
825023.55
1197456.00
478982.40
235921.86
94368.74
2321252.70
792395.50
10880730.00
720744.77
1419423.70
835278.08
7311390.00
1183657.62
1191864.80
3127398.59
673432.65
1815049.17
984087.76
872567.28
1501277.38
155164.49
536982.87
1431905.28
1431905.28
93844.05
386218.03
38.63
3441083.89
917214.81
493690.62
394333.29
913585.40
12699.61
829684.70
471633.80
2633583.31
2633583.31
2633583.31
2633583.31
10819.89
QUANTITY
88000.00 Kgs
20.80 Mts
19.20 Mts
44000.00 Kgs
44000.00 Kgs
44000.00 Kgs
7.20 Mts
12.00 Mts
1120.00 Kgs
1680.00 Kgs
1680.00 Kgs
2700.00 Kgs
2700.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
10000.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
15000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
8000.00 Kgs
750.00 Kgs
300.00 Kgs
60000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
750.00 Mts
1000.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
640.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
19800.00 Kgs
19800.00 Kgs
189.00 Mts
55.00 Mts
25.00 Mts
13.92 Mts
78.00 Mts
184.80 Mts
19.10 Mts
66.10 Mts
16000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
25000.00 Kgs
99990.00 Kgs
10.00 Kgs
105.00 Mts
27.49 Mts
104.00 Mts
18.00 Mts
20000.00 Kgs
75.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
4160.00 Kgs
48.00 Mts
48.00 Mts
48.00 Mts
48.00 Mts
500.00 Kgs
COUNTRY
CN
KR
KR
CN
CN
CN
KR
KR
US
MY
US
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
US
US
KR
KR
CN
JP
BE
FI
BE
KR
KR
CN
PK
CN
CN
CN
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
DE
DE
MY
MY
KR
NL
KR
DE
BR
BR
BR
BR
JP
102
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Soda ash light

Sodasolvay - sodium carbonate dense- soda ash
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate usp/ep/jp/fcc/jsfa
Sodium borohydride
Sodium borohydride (powder)
Sodium carbonate light calc(for the mfg of pcb)
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chlorate
Sodium tripoly phosphate [sttp]
Sodium tripolyphosphate fg 25kg green pp
Synthetic aluminium oxide (brown) abr10, grit - f24
Synthetic aluminium oxide (brown) abr10, grit-f24
Titanium dioxide rutile tipure r706
Titanium dioxide rutile tipure r706
Titanium dioxide rutile tipure r-706
Titanium dioxide rutile tipure r-706
Titanium dioxide rutile ti-pure r706
Titanium dioxide rutile ti-pure r706
Titanium dioxide ti-pure rutile r-902+
Ti-pure rutile titanium dioxide r-902+4w22
Vulcan 1345 carbon black
Yellow phosphorus purity 99.9 percent min
Zinc oxide white seal
5485303.78
5579396.55
309298.49
16476.63
11606112.00
10068084.00
213172.62
1496229.15
2493715.25
2493715.25
2992458.30
8393747.45
323200.00
3915366.00
3915366.00
2529292.50
2557747.04
2639609.25
2639609.25
2639609.25
2639609.25
2633549.75
17824884.00
1945405.44
2859922.85
4120456.60
QUANTITY
COUNTRY
511.66 Mts
630000.00 Kgs
24.88 Mts
340.20 Kgs
14000.00 Kgs
12000.00 Kgs
15000.00 Kgs
60.00 Mts
100.00 Mts
100.00 Mts
120.00 Mts
202.98 Mts
5.00 Mts
100.00 Mts
100.00 Mts
20000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
140000.00 Kgs
14080.00 Kgs
19.20 Mts
40000.00 Kgs
UA
BG
CN
US
US
US
DE
SE
SE
SE
SE
RU
TH
CN
CN
US
US
TW
TW
TW
TW
TW
TW
IT
CN
MY
2100.00 Kgs
500.00 Kgs
19500.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
2100.00 Kgs
7000.00 Kgs
500.00 Kgs
300.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
10020.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
150.00 Kgs
22.68 Kgs
3.00 Kgs
900.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
15000.00 Kgs
15000.00 Kgs
15000.00 Kgs
1518.50 Kgs
208.15 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
CN
CN
BE
CN
CN
CN
CN
KR
KR
CN
CN
CN
US
US
GB
TH
CN
CN
CN
CN
IN
IN
NL
NL
CATEGORY: DRUGS
Ascorbic acid dc97sf
Azithromycin usp 33
Benzothiazol
Ceftriaxone sodium non-sterile
Cimetidine
Ciprofloxacin hcl
Clarithromycin usp 33
Clavulanate potassium with microcrystalline cellulose 1 :1 (a
Clavulanate potassium with silicon dioxide 1 :1 (syloid)
Cysteamine hcl 95 percent min
Cytosine
Cytosine
Dextrose monohydrate usp/fcc/ep/jpe
Dextrose monohydrate (staleydex 333) fg none
Edta,disodium usp/ep/jp
Erythromycin stearate bp/usp
Fenbendazole ep2005(for veterinary use only)
Ibuprofen grade 75 usp31
Ibuprofen grade 75 usp31
Ibuprofen grade 75 usp31/ep
Ibuprofen sodium dihydrate (re-import)
Ibuprofen sodium dihydrate (re-import)
Lactose (pharmatose 200m)
Lactose (pharmatose 200m)
1022889.37
4241646.50
2649404.88
14922144.00
1874387.09
9462134.50
5220488.00
2125484.40
1416989.60
1448818.01
4731067.25
5127265.00
37601.48
1110.51
18688.22
2208373.69
3523284.00
6362469.75
6362469.75
6362469.75
1894100.98
266127.11
1478109.75
1478109.75
103
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Miglitol
Miglitol.ip
N - methyl pyrrolidone
Nizatidine ph .eur (batch no: niz1007018 & niz1008021) (re-im
Norfloxacin usp
Paracetamol b.p
Penicillin g potassium first crystal
Pharmasolve
Piperacillin sodium and tazobactum sodium ih (sterile) (8:1)
Piperacillin sodium and tazobactum sodium ih (sterile)(8:1)
Plasdone k-29/32 (polyvinyl pyrrolidone)
Poly vinyl pirolidone k30
Polyplasdone xl (polyvinyl pyrrolidone)
Pvp k30 usp 32 (polyvinyl pyrolidone)
Pyridoxin hydrochloride (vitamin b6)
Pyrrolydine
Quinine sulphate bp2010
Rosuvastatin calcium/340440/lot no.rosfa012110,rosfa012010,ro
Salinomycin 12pct granular feed grade (list 1 sl: 30)
Salinomycin premix 12% granular (feed grade) (list 1 sl no 3
Semicarbazide hydrochloride (adc list - i slno 164)
Sodium alginate lvcr nf/fcc/ep/jpe
Sodium ascorbate dc99
Sulfamide 99 pct min
Vancomycin hydro chloride
Vancomycin hydro chloride list 3/item no.84 vii1/25/11/2008cu
Veratraldehyde
Vitamin c coated
Vitamin e 50%(feed grade)
2365533.63
3246948.00
2647533.20
1272676.87
1787700.00
2535665.60
26568555.00
689458.32
1342411.20
5637254.40
1604880.56
1045122.75
418664.49
4950141.30
899601.95
6022205.80
5924912.50
43430402.71
1098283.47
820362.40
969519.20
156285.48
2498003.51
1564843.50
164305.54
2464583.06
1351733.50
1230543.60
2163147.30
QUANTITY
COUNTRY
50.00 Kgs
75.00 Kgs
16.00 Mts
100.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
17000.00 Kgs
60000.00 bou
998.00 Kgs
80.00 Kgs
340.00 Kgs
2295.40 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
499.00 Kgs
18000.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
13600.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
79.11 Kgs
14.50 Mts
11000.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
90.80 Kgs
4200.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
3.00 Kgs
45.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
CN
CN
US
TR
CN
CN
CN
SG
CN
CN
US
CN
US
CN
CN
NL
DE
CA
CN
CN
CN
US
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
30.00 Kgs
30.00 Kgs
1390.80 Ltr
30.50 Ltr
30.50 Ltr
17000.00 Kgs
122.00 Ltr
61.00 Ltr
122.00 Ltr
183.00 Ltr
61.00 Ltr
73.20 Ltr
73.20 Ltr
292.80 Ltr
36.60 Ltr
1.00 Kgs
1.00 Kgs
1.00 Kgs
1.00 Kgs
1.00 Kgs
20.00 Kgs
20.00 Kgs
1.00 Kgs
ES
ES
ES
IT
IT
JP
IT
IT
IT
IT
IT
IT
IT
IT
IT
BE
BE
BE
BE
BE
BE
BE
BE
CATEGORY: DYESTUFF
3016-ca-liquid dyes(metal)
3038-ca-liquid dyes(metal)
Black sr liquid [liquid dyes]
Cla blu marino (liquid dyes)
Cla bruno scuro (liquid dyes)
Hydroquinone (for manu. Of pigment and dyes)
Ld bruno giallo (liquid dyes)
Ld giallo (liquid dyes)
Ld nero g (liquid dyes)
Ld nero n (liquid dyes)
Ld rosso (liquid dyes)
Lda giallo l (liquid dyes)
Lda limone c (liquid dyes)
Lda nero 2n (liquid dyes)
Lda rooso f (liquid dyes)
Sumifix hf blue 2r (dyestuff)
Sumifix hf blue bg (dyestuff)
Sumifix hf navy 2g (dyestuff)
Sumifix hf red 2b (dyestuff)
Sumifix hf red g (dyestuff)
Sumifix supra brown rnf gran (dyestuff)
Sumifix supra deep blue e-xf gran (dyestuff)
Sumifix supra yellow 3r (dyestuff)
33309.87
38476.69
177747.35
11619.98
14456.84
4952471.88
71162.19
33113.03
42383.05
77893.75
45197.61
26349.16
24464.50
103243.56
13790.05
987.23
954.14
555.14
625.06
522.51
16248.77
13629.20
493.62
104
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Sumifix supra yellow brown e-xf gran (dyestuff)

Sumireact supra crimson s-hbu (dyestuff)
Sumireact supra marine s-px (dyestuff)
Sumireact supra navy s-hbu (dyestuff)
Sumireact supra night blue lf(dyestuff)
Sumireact supra yellow s-hbu (dyestuff)
Sumireact supra yellow s-px (dyestuff)
Supronil hk blue 01 liq. (dyes)
10627.42
8324.81
6506.97
7243.43
13750.39
6525.61
6506.97
50860.70
QUANTITY
20.00 Kgs
20.00 Kgs
20.00 Kgs
20.00 Kgs
20.00 Kgs
20.00 Kgs
20.00 Kgs
50.00 Kgs
COUNTRY
BE
BE
BE
BE
BE
BE
BE
DE
CATEGORY: FABRIC, FIBRE & YARN

Cff v110-1 acrylic fiber
H55zi-bpl (nylon 6 chips)
H95zi-bpl (nylon 6 chips)
Herox 610 monofilament gn409-152-1200-42-531
Herox 610 monofilament nc001-203-1200-42-531
Herox 610 monofilament nc001-229-1200-42-531
Herox 610 monofilament wt601-178-1200-42-531
Kureha carbon fiber m201s
Nylon 6 chips
Nylon 6 chips grade h55zi-bpl (kg)
Nylon 6 tyre yarn 1680 d
Nylon -6 chips
Polyester staple fiber
Polyester staple fiber 1.4dx32mm super black
ULtramid a27 e 01 (nylon 66 chips)
682159.30
1300460.85
1319105.45
507225.60
2528269.01
844178.08
507351.45
4285354.07
2357609.67
659552.73
9752227.23
2896461.84
4713898.78
3159981.20
544036.50
2340.00 Lbs
10000.00 Kgs
10000.00 Kgs
1004.80 Kgs
5986.90 Kgs
1999.00 Kgs
1201.40 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
18000.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
54343.80 Kgs
19.00 Mts
64500.00 Kgs
46754.50 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
US
US
US
CN
CN
CN
CN
JP
US
US
TW
TH
KR
CN
DE
100.00 Kgs
250.00 Kgs
2119.83 Kgs
3001.30 Kgs
11.49 Mts
4.00 Mts
20.00 Mts
10.00 Mts
34101.71 Kgs
5898.29 Kgs
1.25 Kgs
50.00 Mts
226.00 Kgs
23090.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
40.00 Mts
20.00 Mts
7733.41 Kgs
17266.59 Kgs
1228.50 Kgs
504.42 Mts
1000.00 Kgs
24.00 Mts
40.00 Mts
40.00 Mts
40.00 Mts
5000.00 Kgs
22.00 Mts
20.00 Mts
AE
ZA
HK
HK
BH
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
DE
CN
HK
CO
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
US
AU
JP
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
HK
VN
CATEGORY : METAL
995% purity of one kilo gold bars
995% purity of one kilo gold bars
9999% purity of silver bars (136 bars)
99.9% purity of silver bars (196 bars)
Aluminium ingots ai 99.7% min
Calcium metal
Calcium metal (ca. 98.92%; size: 50-200mm 90% min.)
Calcium metal (ca: 98.5%min, size: 50-200mm)
Calcium metal (ca: 98.95%, size: 50-200mm)
Calcium metal (ca: 98.95%, size: 50-200mm)
Chromium metal
Electrolytic manganese metal flakes (mn: 99.70%min)
Gold bar 995
Lead ingots
Lithium metal 98 pct min
Lithium metal 98 pct min
Magnesium ingots mg 99.90% min.
Magnesium ingots (mg: 99.9%, 7.5Kgs/ingot)
Manganese metal briquttes (mn: 97%min)
Manganese metal briquttes (mn: 97%min)
Molyspray pwd-molybdenum powder
Pure lead metal 99.97% min in ingots
Selenium metal power(se:99.9%min)
Silicon metal
Silicon metal
Silicon metal
Silicon metal
Silicon metal
Silicon metal 2202
Silicon metal 553 grade (si. 98.88%)
208476398.76
523447165.20
97054696.31
136306323.85
1198438.02
759555.55
3260764.80
1556692.80
5559882.78
961646.82
2128202.67
7161708.00
473307826.59
2191533.48
9211200.00
9583332.48
6581543.80
2521970.00
1054263.00
2353881.00
3167889.53
58796945.35
4974048.00
3371299.20
4754373.00
4789824.00
4955625.60
684751.40
2887711.20
2302800.00
105
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Silicon metal 553 grade (si. 99.1%; size: 10-100mm 90% min.)
Silicon metal grade 3303
Silicon metal #553 (si: 98.5%min, size: 10-100mm)
Silicon metal #553 (si: 98.5%min, size: 10-100mm)
Silicon metal - fe < 0.40% ca < 0.03% - 40/100mm
Silicon oxide powder 251 (raw material for brake lining)
Silver bars
Silver bars
Sodium 2 kg ingots (sodium metal)
Sodium 2 kg ingots (sodium metal)
Sodium 2 kg ingots [sodium metal]
Sodium 2kg ingots [sodium metal]
Sodium 2kg ingots [sodium metal]
Sodium metal
Sodium metal
Sodium metal
Sodium metal
Sodium metal
Sodium metal 99.7 pct min
Sodium metal [adc ref no : list 1 sl no 170]
Sodium metal-2 kg bricks
Zinc ingots
11816015.25
2680459.20
2835843.66
2835843.66
3436020.00
110362.92
428352419.14
452460661.19
2064506.26
2064506.26
2064506.26
2064506.26
2064506.26
2064506.26
2064506.26
1381680.00
2077355.88
3020243.40
3067329.60
3104325.90
1381680.00
2873894.40
2077355.88
2077355.88
2077355.88
8164183.72
QUANTITY
COUNTRY
100.00 Mts
20.00 Mts
24.00 Mts
24.00 Mts
20.00 Mts
600.00 Kgs
9975.31 Kgs
9997.48 Kgs
18600.00 Kgs
18600.00 Kgs
18600.00 Kgs
18600.00 Kgs
18600.00 Kgs
18600.00 Kgs
18600.00 Kgs
12000.00 Kgs
18600.00 Kgs
24000.00 Kgs
24000.00 Kgs
24.00 Mts
12.00 Mts
24.00 Mts
18600.00 Kgs
18600.00 Kgs
18600.00 Kgs
74.73 Mts
CN
CN
CN
CN
FR
JP
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
KZ
1134.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
60.00 Kgs
60.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
10000.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
1800.00 Kgs
600.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
30.00 Kgs
30.00 Kgs
90.00 Kgs
60.00 Kgs
112.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
112.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
30.00 Kgs
60.00 Kgs
250.00 Kgs
6000.00 Kgs
20900.00 Kgs
6400.00 Kgs
56.40 Ltr
70.00 Ltr
US
US
ES
ES
CN
CN
CN
CN
DE
DE
CN
CN
IT
IT
IT
IT
IT
IT
IT
IT
DE
DE
IT
KR
KR
KR
KR
KR
CATEGORY: PAINTS
6c11b14252 high jet black aque (pigment)
851n-214 topcoat green 5kg p
9810.pk pigment
9826-pk-pigment
Bayferrox 4100(iron oxide pigment)
Blue glaze pigment kx4007s
Carbon black durex o powder(coloring pigments)
Carbon black durex o powder(coloring pigments)
Deep blue glaze pigment kx4301s
Grey glaze pigment kx8002s
Kc ciclamino (pigment)
Lt bruno 86 (pigment)
Lt bruno scuro 24 (pigment)
Lt ciclamino (pigment)
Mcolor giallo [pigmented paste]
Mcolor nero- [pigmented finishingagent]
Mcolor rosso [pigment paste]
Mcolortdm [pigment paste]
Neosan 2000 green liq. (pigments)
Neosan 2000 orange 01 liq. (pigments)
Paint, ol800v ifp mx grey vce 5002 40g #lk8795hq
Paint ( finished paint ) ( ed 2800 - a - black )
Paint ( finished paint ) ( ed 2800 - b ( black ) dh )
Paint ( finished paint ) ( ed 3500 - a grey )
Paint ( finished paint ) ( kp 9960 - ( h )
Paint ( finished paint ) ( kp 9965 )
267987.23
216569.70
12036.98
47693.68
298313.60
615271.80
302974.75
35274.32
246775.32
82258.44
63226.63
47988.91
21598.83
4904.45
15925.05
44082.38
31761.29
26332.70
34029.95
28695.89
11207.44
36185.63
98228.81
726763.68
1655621.09
748686.34
60834.82
68153.67
106
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Paint ( finished paint ) ( pu 9350 q )

Paint ( finished paint) ( ed 3500 - b )
Pigment blue b
Pigment blue rx
Pigment brown r
Red glaze pigment kx1003s
Sachtleben rde-2 titanium dioxide (pigment)
786894.39
3020283.40
156167.97
120129.21
180193.81
82867.45
2628888.60
QUANTITY
COUNTRY
5040.00 Kgs
33630.00 Kgs
500.00 Kgs
500.00 Kgs
500.00 Kgs
250.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
KR
KR
CN
CN
CN
CN
FI
10006.20 Kgs
49.50 MTS
16.50 Mts
49.50 Mts
16000.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
24.75 Mts
11.00 Mts
14.00 Mts
22.00 Mts
22.00 Mts
22.00 Mts
98.00 Mts
14.00 Mts
14.00 Mts
14.00 Mts
14.00 Mts
22.00 Mts
28.00 Mts
14.00 Mts
15.50 Mts
49.50 Mts
49.50 Mts
1500.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
4000.00 Kgs
16.50 Mts
16.50 Mts
2500.00 Kgs
5600.00 Kgs
50.25 Mts
49.50 Mts
49500.00 Kgs
74.25 Mts
33.00 Mts
33.50 Mts
99.00 Mts
33.00 Mts
33.00 Mts
24.75 Mts
16.50 Mts
17.00 Mts
49.50 Mts
My
AE
AE
AE
CN
CN
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
US
SA
SG
SG
SG
SG
SG
SG
SG
SG
SA
SA
KR
KR
KW
SA
QA
DE
SA
KW
AE
SA
SA
SA
SA
QA
QA
CATEGORY : PLASTICS
Arlene biaxially ORIented polypropylene film (type:phs-18micr
Borstar fb2230 lldp POLYETHYLENE
Borstar fb2230 lld-polyethylene. [LLDPE granules]
Borstar hc115 fb polyporpylene
Dnda 2020 LLDPE bagged [linear low density polyethylene]
Dnda 2020 LLDPE - bagged [linear low density polyethylene]
Enable 2705ch LLDPE
Enable - 2005ce-LLDPE
Exceed 1018ca - LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene)
Exceed 1018ea LLDPE
Exceed 1018ea LLDPE
Exceed 1018ea LLDPE
Exceed 1018ea LLDPE
Exceed 1018ea LLDPE
Exceed 1018ea (linear low desity polythylene)
Exceed 1018ea (LLDPE granules)
Exceed 1018ea (LLDPE granules)
Exceed 1018ea (LLDPE)
Exceed 1018ea - LLDPE
Exceed 1018ea - LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene)
Exceed 2018eb (LLDPE)
Exxonmobil hta001hd(HDPE)
Exxonmobil ll1001kw (LLDPE) fta no:730538 dt:19.01.2011
Exxonmobil pp7032e3 5050826 ( polypropylene copolymer )
Exxonmobil-ll8446.21-LLDPE
Exxonmobil-ll8446.21-LLDPE
HDPE 5200b [material for manufacturing of automobiles parts]
HDPE black jacketing compound grade chba-8241 bk [5600 Kgs]
HDPE emda-6147 (high density polyethylene emda-6147)
HDPE f1
HDPE granules
HDPE granules
HDPE granules grade f00952
HDPE granules grade egda-6888
HDPE granules grade hb4201
HDPE granules grade hta001hd
HDPE granules grade hta001hd
HDPE granules grade m200056
HDPE granules grade m200056
HDPE granules grade marlex hhm 5502bn
HDPE granules grade marlex hxm tr-571
1282867.50
3045595.41
1015198.47
2884086.56
1525374.72
1525522.10
1778222.16
804980.61
1025206.56
1570509.60
1570509.60
1570509.60
6950771.52
999415.20
1017995.16
992967.36
992967.36
1570509.60
2035990.32
1025206.56
1099356.72
2953304.64
3077692.20
103477.53
275940.08
275940.08
275940.08
275940.08
275940.08
275940.08
1003099.68
1003099.68
202193.67
376553.86
2985465.06
2848575.11
3032808.85
4414388.82
2015015.15
1929373.21
5646389.90
1984251.56
1984251.56
1481851.80
987901.20
1018213.32
3099565.77
107
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
HDPE hostalen acp 5831 d

HDPE hostalen acp 9255 plus
HDPE hot melt powder (pe80)
HDPE insulation compound [solid] grade chna-8380 [8000 Kgs]
HDPE offspec mi 0.4 to mi 0.6 density 0.947 (HDPE granules)
High densit polyethyele f00952
High density polyetheylene (HDPE m80064s)
High density polyethylene grade : heg00952
High density polyethylene grade: f04660
High density polyethylene grade: p6006n
High density polyethylene grade: p6006n
High density polyethylene marlex hhm 5502bn
High density polyethylene marlex hhm 5502bn
High density polyethylene pellet plant sweeping
High density polyethylene pellet plant sweeping
High density polyethylene (HDPE black compound le3362)
High density polyethylene (HDPE m80064s)
Hostalen (polypropylene) pp h5416k
LDPE 955 (LDPE granules)
LDPE eltex med ph27d630
LDPE eltex med ph27d630
LDPE granules grade 2201th00w
LDPE lotrene fd 0474
LDPE lupolen 2426f (LDPE granules)
LDPE recycled granuels
LDPE recycled granuels
LDPE recycled granules
LDPE reprocessed granules
LDPE re-processed plastic granules
LDPE xj800 (low density polyethylene)
LDPE (lupolen 2426k)
LDPE (lupolen 2426k)
LDPE (polyethylene) recycled
LDP (borcot me 0420)
Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)
Linear low density polyethylene [LLDPE]
Linear low density polyethylene grade : fs153s
Linear low density polyethylene granules grade sp 310
Linear low density polyethylene granules grade sp 311
LLDPE fc 21hn
LLDPE fc21hn
LLDPE fc21hn
LLDPE fd21hn
LLDPE fd21hn
LLDPE grade
LLDPE granules grade 118w
LLDPE granules grade efdc-7050
LLDPE granules grade m500026
1945405.44
2962321.92
437532.00
523196.16
1516311.17
1975802.40
5927407.20
1343031.86
897660.23
927107.28
927107.28
1003091.35
2006180.68
1031158.64
999099.17
2963703.60
5927407.20
1331224.44
1202607.00
1798215.74
1799670.02
1823896.38
1204479.54
1153242.24
1917571.86
3883060.45
1094782.94
1094782.94
633693.89
1114286.06
1798.41
3493.06
609661.65
569749.56
853661.89
1193771.52
149221.44
894390.96
9805894.31
1025897.40
2051794.80
3068668.10
304059.14
651555.29
5724177.53
2862088.76
2053722.24
1074073.13
2053722.24
2053722.24
2148146.25
286265.56
3153575.52
995070.43
2551444.83
3134686.50
QUANTITY
32.00 Mts
48.00 Mts
5000.00 Kgs
8000.00 Kgs
24.73 Mts
33.00 Mts
99.00 Mts
25000.00 Kgs
16500.00 Kgs
16500.00 Kgs
16500.00 Kgs
17.00 Mts
34.00 Mts
19620.00 Kgs
19010.00 Kgs
49.50 Mts
99.00 Mts
17.00 Mts
17.50 Mts
24730.00 Kgs
24750.00 Kgs
24.75 Mts
16500.00 Kgs
16.00 Mts
52.00 mtr
108.00 Mts
25.00 Mts
25.00 Mts
17.62 Mts
31900.00 Kgs
50.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
16950.00 Kgs
15.86 Mts
7500.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
24620.00 Kgs
76.50 Mts
16.50 Mts
33.00 Mts
49500.00 Kgs
4.20 Mts
9.00 Mts
99.00 Mts
49.50 Mts
33.50 Mts
16.75 Mts
33.50 Mts
33.50 Mts
33.50 Mts
5.05 Mts
49.50 Mts
16.75 Mts
40290.00 Kgs
49.50 Mts
COUNTRY
SA
SA
CN
KR
BE
SA
SA
NG
SA
SA
SA
QA
QA
US
US
AE
SA
KR
KR
NO
NO
GB
QA
SA
SG
MY
MY
MY
MY
CN
MY
CN
MY
AE
KR
SA
SA
SA
FI
QA
QA
SA
KP
KP
QA
QA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
KW
SA
SA
108
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED

LLDPE granules - exceed 1018ea
LLDPE innoplus ll7410d
LLDPE innoplus ll7420d
LLDPE lotrene"q1018h"
LLDPE reprocessed granules
LLDPE sabic 118w
LLDPE sabic 118w
LLDPE - pulver grau 8606d32 (LLDPE-grey powder)
LLDPE - pulver orange 2210d32 (LLDPE -d32 red powder )
LLDPE - pulver rot 3804d32 (LLDPE -burgandy powder
Low density polyethylene [LDPE] "lotrene" fb5026
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) lotrene"la0710
Low density polyethylene grade: 2102tx00
Low density polyethylene grade: ld 4025as
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) "lotrene" fb5026
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) "lotrene" fb5026
Low density polyethylene[LDPE]lotrene fb5026
Lowdesity poly ethylene (LDPE) " lotrene " fb5026
Lupolen 4261ag (high density polyethylene) 750Kgs per bag
Marlex high density polyethylene hxm 50100
Marlex hxm 50100 (HDPE)
Plastic reprocessed granules [LLDPE fine quality]
Polypropylene block copolymer cosmoplene grade aw 191
Polypropylene co-polymer-bj520
Polypropylene grade bj 750
Polypropylene grade pp7032kn
Polypropylene grade :5032e3
Polypropylene grade :5032e3
Polypropylene grade:moplen hp 456j
Polypropylene h03ml(poly propylene granules)
Polypropylene h03ml(polypropylene granules)
Polypropylene homopolymer grade:echolen hf 20m
Polypropylene nh54g
Polypropylene pp ap03b
Polypropylene tsoppc63bs rig3
Polypropylene tsoppc6bs r299
Polypropylene tsoppc6bs r299
Polypropylene (b380g)
Polypropylene (b380g)
Polypropylene (h100d)
Polypropylene (h400yj)
Polypropylene (m1412)
PP-hg960 8001 (polypropylene granules)
PP-ht940in 8300 (polypropylene granules)
PP-ht980ug 8001 (polypropylene granules)
583241.67
1004943.94
2201682.35
1100841.18
980301.96
1297158.03
1025897.40
1527447.24
358403.47
358403.47
89760.87
1280471.94
2644535.52
17490002.72
21256117.61
1280471.94
1280471.94
1280471.94
1253874.60
4203070.56
1229441.19
6344368.53
3738454.40
1252723.20
14733261.82
15173609.76
2619665.28
6085597.44
6085597.44
3065172.24
6321917.75
6321917.75
2879367.15
1007927.08
1077783.86
194443.77
679722.69
1090021.23
134078.01
188626.07
1954886.31
26462.76
30634.61
337332.64
41941.23
82491.71
128772.58
130325.75
1810784.64
4884957.33
1517204.33
941552.30
97548.55
1013800.13
922907.70
1852313.98
QUANTITY
COUNTRY
9210.00 Kgs
14.00 Mts
36.00 Mts
18.00 Mts
16500.00 Kgs
32.00 Mts
16.50 Mts
24.75 Mts
2240.00 Kgs
2240.00 Kgs
561.00 Kgs
16.50 Mts
33.00 Mts
247.50 Mts
304000.00 Kgs
16.50 Mts
16.50 Mts
16.50 Mts
16.50 Mts
60.00 Mts
17.00 Mts
102.00 Mts
104.00 Mts
16000.00 Kgs
207.00 Mts
204.00 Mts
36.00 Mts
96000.00 Kgs
96000.00 Kgs
48000.00 Kgs
99.00 Mts
99.00 Mts
42.50 Mts
12.00 Mts
18221.20 Kgs
3287.30 Kgs
11491.50 Kgs
8464.70 Kgs
1041.20 Kgs
1464.80 Kgs
15000.00 Kgs
205.50 Kgs
237.90 Kgs
2619.60 Kgs
325.70 Kgs
640.60 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
22987.25 Kgs
62012.75 Kgs
30000.00 Kgs
20000.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
15000.00 Kgs
16500.00 Kgs
28385.30 Kgs
SA
US
TH
TH
QA
MY
SA
SA
CH
CH
CH
QA
US
IR
SA
QA
QA
QA
QA
KR
SG
QA
MY
SG
KR
KR
SG
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
GR
KR
SG
SG
SG
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
KR
KR
KR
KR
KR
CN
CN
CN
109
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
PP-ht980ug 8001 (polypropylene granules)

Recycle LLDPE granules
Recycled LDPE granules
Recycled LLDPE granules
Reprocessed HDPE granules
Reprocessed LDPE granules
Reprocessed LDPE plastic granules
Reprocessed LDPE plastic granules
Reprocessed plastic granules (LDPE)
Reprocessed plastic granules (LDPE)
Sumitomo polyethylene LLDPE fs150a (LLDPE granules)
Sumitomo polyethylene LLDPE fs153s [LLDPE granules]
Sumitomo polyethylene LLDPE fs153s [LLDPE granules]
Sumitomo polyethylene LLDPE sa110
Sumitomo polythylene HDPE f0554 [HDPE granules]
Sumitomo polythylene HDPE f0554 [HDPE granules]
366393.42
1187036.84
2428375.14
1213277.54
1203443.28
563081.23
1708275.39
71927.38
1129493.51
1767.60
1546369.35
999673.11
999673.11
3009299.04
962091.42
962091.42
QUANTITY
COUNTRY
5614.70 Kgs
33.00 ton
66.00 Mts
33.00 Mts
33.50 Mts
15.50 Mts
47.50 Mts
2.00 Mts
31.95 Mts
0.05 Mts
24.75 Mts
16.00 Mts
16.00 Mts
49.50 Mts
16.00 Mts
16.00 Mts
CN
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
MY
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
3000.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
9000.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
842.20 Kgs
9.65 Kgs
1177.65 Kgs
1796.15 Kgs
5385.75 Kgs
555.45 Kgs
6478.25 Kgs
681.90 Kgs
73.00 Kgs
12000.00 Kgs
5000.00 Kgs
800.00 Kgs
840.00 Kgs
12.96 Mts
85.00 Mts
74.25 Mts
52.50 Mts
35000.00 Kgs
1000.00 Kgs
16.50 Mts
24.75 Mts
24.75 Mts
16.50 Mts
16.50 Mts
16.50 Mts
24.75 Mts
24.75 Mts
24.75 Mts
24.75 Mts
33.00 Mts
33.00 Mts
33.00 Mts
2000.00 Kgs
1800.00 Kgs
JP
KR
TW
JP
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
DE
SG
DE
JP
CN
QA
AE
MY
RO
CN
TH
CA
CA
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
JP
JP
CATEGORY: RESIN
AAS:dialac tw23v 0211h (acrylonitrile acrylate styrene resin)
ABS resin abs hu 650(09219)
Acrylic resin ar-230 - (hydroxy resin for use inpolyurethane
Ajicure pn -23 (epoxy resin)
Asahi nylon 14g25 t33c7 (nylon resin)
Bakelite pf 9504sp02 (phenolic resins)
Cycolac abs resin (mg47-bk4500)
Durez harz33005 (phenol resin)
Epoxy resin xn1262a
Furan resin sqg300l
Hd bm resin 5502bn (HDPE)
HDPE resin ( 2970 bags)
High density polyethylene resin titanzex hm5000(HDPE granules
Kronocol sm18 (melam formaldeh resin) 010969s melamine resin
Lexan polycarbonate resin exl1414t-rd1e043-40 bags(1plt)
Liner low density polyethylene resin granules elite 5401g
LLDPE resin granules dowlex 2645.11g
LLDPE resin granules dowlex 2645.11g
LLDPE resin granules elite 5400g
LLDPE resin granules elite 540ig
Phenolic resin 236 (raw material for brake lining)
436703.14
153398.45
927522.24
266948.00
110074.40
1261.24
153917.26
234754.37
703910.48
72596.56
846698.50
89123.41
9541.00
1051555.44
650230.43
180642.54
287484.58
1498130.90
4757835.28
4292664.67
3312577.80
4376639.31
113899.72
1176707.32
1664233.56
1664233.56
1176707.32
1139886.00
1162683.72
1738326.15
1738326.15
1738326.15
1738326.15
2325367.44
2371874.79
2371874.79
753975.81
1050668.71
110
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED

PMMA:acrypet vh112 (am102) (polymethyl methacrylic resin)
Polyacetal resin kepital f20-03 black
Polyacetal resin kepital f20-03 natural
Polyacetal resin kepital f20-51u black
Polyacetal resin kepital ts-25a nc
Polybutylene terephthalate resin ( grade : 5010gn6-30tmx-bk8e
Polycarbonate resin
Polycarbonate resin - novarex - grade - m7027bf
Polycarboniate resin(iupilon)grade s2000r 5313
Polymethyl methacrylate resin
Polypropylene resin 6331
Polypropylene resin 6331
Polypropylene resin st868m
Polypropylene resin st868m
PP resin cosmoplene az564g
Prmomix 400 (synthetic resin)
PTFE resin (bronze filled) 8144
PTFE resin (bronze filled) 8146
PVC resin grade: ls 100
PVC resin grade: ls-100
PVC resin powder grade 1230p
PVC resin powder grade s-65d
PVC resin (ggc 1091)
PVC suspension resin -s60
Resin phenolic with hexa fb 8145-01 [010876]
Resin (440-9001 )
Resin(404-8g099w,440-9001)
Silicone resin psa 595 nt (silicone in primary form)
Toray abs resin 100 x 01 b1
Zytel (r) st801aw nc010 - nylon resin
2793241.21
1161715.00
398528.32
469771.20
683931.60
126654.00
181921.20
112263.80
2610244.00
2524012.73
2472273.96
2773384.25
1172745.34
1172745.34
1267832.80
3803498.40
1417515.84
145544.27
604188.19
548288.60
523540.37
581711.52
889347.42
16064886.53
4916231.43
1745805.77
1745805.77
4186490.40
872902.88
872902.88
1099817.28
5212330.99
151757.55
17698.12
47194.99
126427.18
126427.18
126427.18
31606.80
94820.39
1906718.40
73237.82
QUANTITY
3000.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
6.00 Mts
9.00 Mts
1.00 Mts
1.00 Mts
500.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
19.00 Mts
17.00 Mts
17500.00 Kgs
17000.00 Kgs
17000.00 Kgs
17000.00 Kgs
51000.00 Kgs
20.93 Mts
2.15 Mts
8.92 Mts
8000.00 Kgs
720.00 Kgs
800.00 Kgs
18000.00 Kgs
333.00 Mts
105.00 Mts
36.00 Mts
36.00 Mts
90.00 Mts
18.00 Mts
18.00 Mts
24.00 Mts
105.00 Mts
1250.00 Kgs
75.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
720.00 Kgs
720.00 Kgs
720.00 Kgs
180.00 Kgs
540.00 Kgs
18000.00 Kgs
250.00 Kgs
COUNTRY
JP
JP
JP
KR
KR
KR
KR
JP
SG
JP
TH
KR
TW
TW
TW
TW
SG
SG
SG
US
AU
AU
KR
KR
US
TW
TW
TW
TW
TW
US
TW
ES
KP
KP
CN
CN
CN
CN
CN
MY
US
CATEGORY: RUBBER / RUBBER CHEMICALS

Accel tbt-p (rubber chmicals )
Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber ( kumho knb35l)
Butyl rubber bk1675n
Butyl rubber bk1675n
Butyl rubber -bk 1675n
Chlorobutyl e rubber - exxon chlorobutyl 1066 [item code 5001
Chlorobutyl e rubber - exxon chlorobutyl 1066 [item code 5070
Chloroprene rubber denka a-120
Chloroprene rubber denka chloroprene a-90
68852.67
246629.88
246629.88
246629.88
2773109.46
6952659.68
9818770.75
3300771.00
2702385.61
1521399.36
1521399.36
80.00 Kgs
2.10 Mts
2.10 Mts
2.10 Mts
12317.62 Kgs
30882.38 Kgs
43200.00 Kgs
17.44 Mts
14.28 Mts
8.00 Mts
8.00 Mts
JP
KR
KR
KR
RU
RU
RU
US
GB
JP
JP
111
VALUE
IN RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Chloroprene(chlorobutadiene)rubber (cr) showa denko chloropre

Diene nf 35 r ( synthetic rubber)
Ethylene propylene rubber kep 435 (EPDM)
Exxon butyl 268 (butyl rubber)
Hydrogenated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer rubber - therb
Idh-s (rubber chemicals)
Jsr 1500 (SBR 1500) ( synthetic rubber)
Jsr ep22 (synthetic rubber)
Jsr ep43 (synthetic rubber)
Jsr ep96 ( synthetic rubber)
Jsr n 222l (synthetic rubber)
Jsr n 241 (synthetic rubber)
Jsr t 4532 (synthetic rubber)
Keltan 4331a [EPDM rubber]
Keltan 8340a (EPDM rubber)
Kumho SBR 1712 (synthetic rubber)
Lir 50 ( rubber chemicals)
Litex s61 [010887] SBR latex
Natural rubber rss3
Natural rubber rss3
Natural rubber rss-3-grade (cert.of origin no.co/ind/10/102/
Nbr powder 369 (raw material for brake lining)
Neoprene ad20 (poly chloroprene rubber)
Nipol n32 ( synthetic rubber )
Ozoace 0017 (rubber chmicals )
Pliocord latex vp106 (vinylpyridine styrene butadiene rubber)
Rubber chemicals anti oxidant 6ppd
Showa denko chloroprene grt rubber
Showa denko chloroprene gw rubber
Silicone rubber tse 221-4u-20Kgs (silicone in primary form)
Silicone rubber tse 2267u-20Kgs (silicone in primary form)
Silicone rubber tse 260-3u-20Kgs (silicone in primary form)
Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
Synthetic rubber acrylonitrile butadiene rubber kumho knb-35l
Synthetic rubber acrylonitrile butadiene rubber kumho knb-35l
Synthetic rubber indopol SBR1712
Synthetic rubber indopol SBR1712
Synthetic rubber styrene butadiene rubber kumho SBR 1502
Tufdene 1000 ( synthetic rubber)
Tufdene 1834 (synthetic rubber )
Vulnoc pm (rubber chmicals )
145576.16
2704018.06
3795.44
520333.55
325187.48
1221405.12
5933457.50
536032.25
208375.83
266276.70
44520.33
44520.33
62523.97
318640.46
1183862.69
2996652.44
276336.00
1805962.57
9284889.60
173576.39
506609.34
14801913.60
40971508.50
11637027.09
441998.39
3728920.00
1478598.82
278283.28
828783.25
393842.43
858285.40
1287428.09
426641.00
452479.68
112005.33
1375132.47
1924171.20
2270912.28
93332.48
93332.48
107137.01
44929.28
570491.95
2389196.61
QUANTITY
COUNTRY
0.69 Mts
12.82 Mts
0.02 Mts
2.47 Mts
2100.00 Kgs
8160.00 Kgs
32.64 Mts
500.00 Kgs
60.00 Kgs
2100.00 Kgs
105.00 Kgs
105.00 Kgs
280.00 Kgs
1050.00 Kgs
4200.00 Kgs
6300.00 Kgs
2000.00 Kgs
12600.00 Kgs
100800.00 Kgs
375.00 Kgs
4700.00 Kgs
80000.00 Kgs
200.00 Mts
57.00 Mts
1232.00 Kgs
16000.00 Kgs
10080.00 Kgs
800.00 Kgs
9680.00 Kgs
2500.00 Kgs
4.00 Mts
6.00 Mts
3000.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
500.00 Kgs
9900.00 Kgs
16.80 Mts
16.80 Mts
1.05 Mts
1.05 Mts
1.05 Mts
280.00 Kgs
3780.00 Kgs
800.00 Kgs
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
KR
FR
US
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
NL
NL
KR
JP
DE
TH
TH
LK
JP
US
JP
JP
FR
CN
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
DE
KR
KR
ID
ID
KR
JP
JP
JP
CATEGORY: WAX
74-82 degree copper wax blend
82 degree copper wax mix
Eurowax dgf [wax emulsion]
Lustral wax bb [wax emulsion]
Lw 53700 (wax emulsion)
Normal paraffin
201259.01
268345.34
112261.50
812024.85
37440.54
137364846.10
150.00 Kgs
200.00 Kgs
480.00 Kgs
3000.00 Kgs
100.00 Kgs
2810329.00 lt
GB
GB
ES
IT
IT
SA
112

NCJ Apr 2011

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Volume 18 Issue 7 April 2011

Chlorinated Polyethylene Product Profile77

Dedicated to the cause of chemical industries

NEED TO PROMOTE RESEARCH CENTRIC UNIVERSITIES IN A BIG WAY

BIO SUCCINIC ACID INDUSTRY STATUS

VITAMIN C INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY

NEOPENTYL GLYCOL - PRODUCT PROFILE

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

Talk Of The Month

Nuclear Concerns - Indias Need For Caution

India Unprepared To Deal With Nuclear Disasters

Editorial & Administrative Office:

Nuclear Power Corporation

Massive Uranium Deposits Found In Andhra Pradesh

Chemical Industries In China

Drop In Gas Production In KG Basin Fields

Chemicals Imported At The Chennai Port

Views expressed in this journal are

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

TALK OF THE MONTH

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

NEED TO PROMOTE RESEARCH CENTRIC UNIVERSITIES IN A BIG WAY

READ NANDINI CHEMICAL JOURNAL AND FORGE AHEAD

Indian nuclear power scenario

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

NUCLEAR CONERNS - INDIAS NEED FOR CAUTION

Madras Atomic Power Station Units-1&2

Units under construction

Name of the unit

2x1000 MWe PWRs

2x700 MWe PHWRs

2x700 MWe PHWRs

Unit 1 Mar 2011

Boiling water reactor

NUCLEAR CONERNS- INDIAS NEED FOR CAUTION

Indo-US Civil Nuclear co-operation initiatives

Nuclear power reactors planned or firmly proposed until 2020

Planned until 2020

20700 MW (including the projects under

Performance of nuclear power plants in India

Power generation, million

Indian uranium deposits

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

NUCLEAR CONERNS - INDIAS NEED FOR CAUTION

These constitute about 87% of the total reserves.

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

NUCLEAR CONERNS - INDIAS NEED FOR CAUTION

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

NUCLEAR CONERNS - INDIAS NEED FOR CAUTION

NANDINI CHEMICAL JOURNAL IS NOW CONSIDERED AS

PLEASE READ NANDINI CHEMICAL JOURNAL AND FORGE

INDIA UNPREPARED TO DEAL WITH

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

MAJOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENTS

December 12, 1952

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

MAJOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENTS IN THE WORLD

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

MAJOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENTS IN THE WORLD

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION TO REVIEW

Nandini Chemical Journal, April 2010

MASSIVE URANIUM DEPOSITS