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CirebonWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Coordinates:643S10834E

Cirebon
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Cirebon(formerlyreferredtoasCheribonin
English)isaportcityonthenorthcoastofthe
IndonesianislandofJava.Itislocatedintheprovince
ofWestJavaneartheprovincialborderwithCentral
Java,approximately297kmeastofJakarta,at
643S10834E.TheurbancoreofCirebonisvery
smallinextent,however,itsdensesuburbssprawl
intothesurroundingregencytheofficial
metropolitanareaencompassesthisregencyaswell
asthecity,andcoversanareaof1,025.82km2,witha
2010Censuspopulationof2,366,340.

Cirebon
City

TheseatofaformerSultanate,thecity'sWestand
CentralJavaborderlocationhaveseenitshistory
influencedbybothSundaneseandJavanesecultureas
wellasChinese.[1]

AsymboloftheKratonKasepuhan.

Contents
1Etymology
2History
3Demographics
4CampaignforCirebonProvince
5Cityscape
6Culture
6.1Artsandcrafts
6.2Performingarts
6.3Sports
6.4Courtculture
6.5Cuisine
6.6Tourism
7Administration
8Economy
8.1PortofCirebon
9Publicservice
10Health
11Notablepeople
12TwintownsSistercities
13Orientationandplaces
14Gallery
15Footnotes
16Furtherreading
17Externallinks
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirebon

Seal

Nickname(s):*KotaUdang
(CityofShrimps)
KotaWali
(CityofWali)
Motto:"GemahRipahLohJinawi"
(PeacefulandProsperousandalsoHighlyFertileSoil)

Cirebon
LocationofCireboninIndonesia

Coordinates:643S10834E
Country
Province

Indonesia
WestJava

Government
Mayor

Drs.H.AnoSutrisno,M.M.

Area
City
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37.54km2(14.49sqmi)
Metro

Etymology
Beingontheborderof"Sunda"(i.e.,WestJava)and
"Jawa"(i.e.,CentralJava),manyofCirebon's
residentsspeakadialectthatisamixofSundanese
andJavanese.Itisthoughtthattheword"cirebon"
derivesfromtheJavaneseword,caruban,meaning
"mixed",areferencetothecity'smixofSundanese,
Javanese,Chinese,andArabicculturalelements.
Alternatively,itcouldbederivedfromtheSundanese
wordsof"Ci"(waterorriver)and"Rebon"
("shrimp").[1](Indeedthemainproductionofthecity
isfisheryincludingshrimps.

1,025.82km2(396.07sqmi)

Population(2010Census)
City
298,224
Density

7,900/km2(21,000/sqmi)

Metro
Metrodensity

2,366,340
2,300/km2(6,000/sqmi)

Timezone
Areacode

WIB(UTC+7)
+62231

Licenseplate

Website

www.cirebonkota.go.id
(http://www.cirebonkota.go.id/)

Asidefromfishery,itsharbour,TanjungEmas,ontheJavaSeahasbeenamajorhubfortimberfrom
Borneo.Asmalllandingsite"Penggung"alsoservestheTNIAU.ThecityliesonJalurPantura(Pantai
UtaraJawa),amajorroadonthenortherncoastofJavathatstretchesfromAnyer,passesthroughJakarta,
andendsatSurabaya.

History

TheportofCireboninthe17th
century.

AccordingtothemanuscriptPurwakaCarubanNagari,inthe15th
centuryCirebonstartedasasmallfishingvillagenamedMuaraJati.
AtthattimetheportofMuaraJatialreadyattractedforeigntraders.
TheportmasteratthattimewasKiGedengAlangAlang,whowas
appointedbythekingofGaluhkingdom,locatedinlandinKawali,
Ciamis.KiGedengAlangAlangmovedtheporttoLemahwungkuk,
5kilometressouthward.Asthenewsettlementleader,KiGedeng
AlangAlangwasbestowedthetitle"KuwuCerbon"(Cerbonvillage
leader).

AprincefromPajajaran,PrinceWalangsungsang,convertedto
IslamandwasappointedasAdipatiofCirebonwiththetitle
Cakrabumi.HeestablishedthenewkingdomofCirebonanddeclaredindependencefromGaluh.The
establishmentoftheCirebonsultanatemarkedthefirstIslamicruleinWesternJava,whichgrewfromthe
modestfishingvillageofMuaraJatitoabusyportonJava'snortherncoast.[2]Cirebongrewasoneofthe
independentsultanatesundertheleadershipofSunanGunungjati,intheearly16thcentury.
ThekingdomsofBantenandMataramfoughtoverCirebon,whichdeclareditsallegiancetoSultanAgung
ofMataram.ButthelaterMataramkingcededthecitytotheDutchinthe1677.[1]Atreatyin1705saw
CirebonbecomeaDutchprotectoratejointlyadministeredbythreesultanswhosecourtsrivalledthoseof
CentralJava.[1]

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DuringthetimeoftheDutch"CultureSystem"aflourishingtradeincolonialcashcropsattractedmany
ChineseentrepreneursandtheChineseinfluenceisstillevidentinthebatikforwhichCirebonisfamous.[1]
Cirebonsufferedafaminein1844,apparentlytriggeredbyacombinationofdrought
andtheshiftfromsubsistenceagriculturetocashcrops,particularlyindigoand
sugarcane.

Demographics
Thecity'spopulationwas298,224attheIndonesiaCensusof2010.[3]Aswithother
coastalcitiesinIndonesia,alargepopulationofethnicChinesehasflockedintothecity
asaresultoflongtermChineseimmigrationsincethe17thcentury.Significant
suburbsliewithindenselypopulatedCirebonRegency,andtheofficialmetropolitan
areaencompassesthisentireregencyaswellasthecity.

Thecoatof
armsofCirebon
duringthe
Dutchcolonial
era.

Administrativedivision Area(km) Population(2010Census) Populationdensity(/km)

Cirebon(Kota)

37.54

298,224

7,944.1

CirebonRegency

988.28

2,068,116

2,100

GreaterCirebon

1,025.82

2,366,340

2,306.8

AlthoughsurroundedbySundanesespeakingareasinWestJava,linguistshavestatedclearlythatCirebon
(andthehistoricallyrelatedregionofSerangcityinBantenProvince)areJavaneselanguageareas.In
addition,thisissupportedbytheCirebonpeoplereferringtothemselvesas"wongJawa"("Javanese
people"),andtotheirlanguageas"basaJawa"("Javanese").However,theCirebondialectissufficiently
differentfromthedominantsouthcentralJavanesedialectthatitissometimesassumedtobenonJavanese
byoutsiders.

CampaignforCirebonProvince
SomeofthelocalpoliticaleliteinCirebonandsurroundingregencieshavecampaignedforCireboncity,
togetherwiththeregenciesofCirebon,Indramayu,KuninganandMajalengkatobeestablishedasanew
provinceinthesamewayasBantenProvincewasformedbysplittingitawayfromWestJava.[4]Tobea
newprovinceitisrequiredthatitshouldbeproposedbyatleastthreeregencies.Leadersfromfourofthese
administrationshavegiventheirconsent,butMajalengkaRegencyhasturneddowntheideaandindicated
thatitwouldprefertostaypartofWestJava.However,thelackofsupportfromtheMajalengkaareadoes
notprecludeCireboncityandtheotherthreeregenciesfromcontinuingtopromotetheidea.[5]
ThepotentialsizeandpopulationofthispossibleProvincewouldbeasfollows:

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Area
inSquarekm

Population
2010Census

Name

Capital

CirebonCity

Cirebon

37.54

298,224

CirebonRegency

Sumber

988.28

2,068,116

IndramayuRegency Indramayu

2,000.99

1,658,315

KuninganRegency

1,178.58

1,037,836

MajalengkaRegency Majalengka

1,204.24

1,168,337

Totals

5,409.63

6,230,828

Kuningan

Cityscape

CirebonSkyline

Culture
CirebonitselfisknownasGrageintheCirebondialectofJavaneselanguage,whichcamefromthewords
"NegaraGede",meaning"GreatKingdom."Asaportcity,Cirebonattractsvisitorsandsettlersfrom
elsewhereinIndonesiaandfromothernationsaswell.CirebonculturewasdescribedasJavaPasisiran
(coastal)culture,similartotheculturesofBanten,Batavia,Pekalongan,andSemarang,withnotable
mixturesofChinese,ArabicIslamic,andEuropeaninfluences.

Artsandcrafts

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BatiktextilesfromCirebon,especiallyCirebonbatikwithvividcolorswithmotifsandpatterns,that
demonstrateChineseandlocalinfluences,arewellknown.ChineseinfluencescanbeseeninCirebon's
culture,mostnotablytheCirebonbatikMegamendungpatternthatresemblesChinesecloudimagery.The
TrusmiareaistheproductioncenterofCirebonbatik.CirebonGlassPaintingisanotheraspectofCirebon
artsandcrafts.TheimageryinglasspaintingisusuallyderivedfromwayangthemetoIslamiccalligraphy.

Performingarts
TheTariTopengCirebon,orCirebonmaskdance,isadancestylepeculiartothecity.TopengCirebon
maskdance,inspiredbyJavanesePanjicyclesisoneofnotableCirebon
traditionaldanceandquitefamouswithinIndonesiandances.
CireboncultureisalsoinfluencedbyIslamicMiddleEasternculture,suchas
theBurokantraditionwherepeopleexhibittheimageofburaqtraditionally
madefrombambooframeandpaperskin,orothermaterialsinprocessions
aroundthevillageaccompaniedwithmusic.Thetraditionsofthebamboo
statuesborneintheseprocessionsissimilartoSundaneseSisingaan,Betawi
Ondelondel,orBalineseOgohogohprocessions,yetdifferintheirIslamic
theme.Burokanareusuallyheldduringfestiveoccasionssuchascircumcision
ormarriage,andareaccompaniedbypopularCirebonfolksongs,suchas
tarling.'
TarlingisamusicaltraditionreminiscentofBandung'skecapisulingmusic
withexceptthatitfeaturesguitar,suling(bambooflute)andvoice.[1]Thename
derivedfromgitar(guitar),andsuling(flute).

Abatikmotifonaskirt
fromCirebon.

Sports
CirebonisthehometownofthePSGJCirebonfootballteam,theclubplaysintheLigaNusantara.Another
team,CirebonFootballClub,theteamalsoplaysintheLigaNusantaraisbasedintheBimastadium
Cirebon.OtherpopularsportsinCirebonincludeFutsal.

Courtculture

KratonKasepuhanpalaceinCirebon.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirebon

TheremnantsofCirebonsultanateKasepuhan,Kanoman,
Kaprabonan,andKacirebonankratonsarenowrunascultural
institutionstopreserveCirebonculture.Eachstillholdtheir
traditionalceremoniesandhavebecomethepatronsofCirebonarts.
SomeoftheroyalsymbolsofCirebonSultanatedescribetheir
legacyandinfluences.ThebannerofCirebonSultanateiscalled
"MacanAli"(Ali'spanther)withArabiccalligraphyarrangedto
resembleapantherortiger.TheseindicatebothIslamicinfluence
andthatoftheHinduPajajaranSundaneseKingSiliwangi'stiger
banner.TheroyallineageofCirebonisstillwellrespectedandis
heldinhighprestigeamongthepeopleofCirebon,althoughitdoes
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TheroyalcarriageofKasepuhan'sSingaBarongandKanoman'sPaksiNagaLimancarriageresemblesthe
chimeraofthreeanimalseagle,elephant,anddragon.ThesesymbolyzeIndianHinduism,ArabicIslam,
andChineseinfluences.TheimagesofMacanAli,SingaBarongandPaksiNagaLimanarealsooften
featuredaspatternsinCirebonbatik.

Cuisine
Asacoastalcity,Cirebon'smainindustryisfishery.Itsproductsincludeterasi(shrimppaste),petis,krupuk
udang(shrimpcrackers)andvarioussaltedfish.Cirebonisfamousforitsgoodqualitysaltedfishes,suchas
jambalroti,juhi(saltedcuttlefish),rebonandebi(driedsmallshrimp).Theseproductsareoftensoughtby
visitors,especiallyIndonesiandomestictouristsandvisitorsfromothercities,asoleholeh(food
souvenirs/gift).
Cirebonisalsoknownforitslocalcuisinesanddelicacies,suchasempalgentong(akindofmeatandoffal
curry),MieKoclok(chickennoodlesoupmadefromcoconutmilk),NasiLengko(ricemixedwithbean
sprouts,friedtofu,friedtempeh,toppedwithpeanutsauceandsoysauce),NasiJamblang(riceofvarious
sidedishes),tahugejrot(friedtofuwithgroundgarlic,chiliandshallot,toppedwiththinandsweetsoy
sauce),tahupetis(dryfriedtofuservedwithpetisdipsauce),TahuTektek(friedtofutoppedwithpeanut
sauceandmixedwithvegetables)andayampanggang(barbecuechicken).Anothernativefoodis
"Docang"(lontongwithsourvegetablesoup).

Tourism
AsonetouristdestinationinWestJava,CirebonCityoffers
manycharmsrangingfromahistoricaltouroftheroyalgloryof
Islam,thestoryofthetrustees,ComplexSunanGunungJatiin
MountSembungabout15milestothewestofthecitycenter,
GreatMosqueofCirebon,TaqwaMosque,templeancient
buildingsandrelicsofNetherlands.
Cirebonisapalaceatthesametimeinthecity,namelyKeraton
KasepuhanandKanoman.Everythinghasarchitecturea
combinationofelementscultureIslam,China,andNetherlands.
Characteristicofthepalacebuildingsarealwaysfacingnorthern
KeratonKanomanCirebon.
andthereisamosquenearby.Eachpalacehassquareasa
gatheringplace,marketandsculpturetigerinparkorpage
forwardasasymbolofKingSiliwangi,thecentralcharacterformationSultanateofCirebon.Another
featureistheplateporcelainoriginalChinaaresotrimmerwall.Somedishessupposedlyderivedfrom
EuropewhenCirebonsoporttradecenterislandJava.
CireboncityparkhassomeofthemWaterparkSunyaragiandParkofAdeIrmaSuryani.WaterParks
Sunyaragihavetechnologyflowwateradvancedinhistime,thewaterflowbetweentheterraceswherethe
princesskingpreening,pagegrassgreenwheretheknightpractice,plustowerandroomprivilegedthat
doorwasmadeofcurtainwater.

Administration
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Cirebonisdividedintofivedistricts(kecamatan):
Harjamukti
Kejaksan
Kesambi
Lemahwungkuk
Pekalipan

Economy
ThemainbuildingoftheCirebon
CirebonCityeconomyisinfluencedbyitsstrategicgeographical
CityHall.
locationandbythecharacteristicsofnaturalresources.Thus,the
structureofitseconomyisdominatedbymanufacturing,trade,
hotelsandrestaurants,transportandcommunicationsandservice
sectors.TomPiresintheSumaOrientalaroundtheyear1513mentionedCirebonwasoneofthetrade
centersontheislandofJava.AfterCirebonwastakenoverbytheDutchEastIndiesgovernmentin1859,it
wasdesignatedasatransitportforimportexportgoodsandasacommunicationsroutetothepolitical
controlcenterfortheregionintheinteriorofJava.

Until2001,theeconomiccontributiontotheCityofCirebonwascharacterizedbyprocessingindustry
(41.32%),followedbytrade,hotelsandrestaurants(29.8%),transportandcommunicationssector
(13.56%),andservicessector(6.06%).Othersectors(9.26%)includedmining,agriculture,construction,
electricity,andgas.

PortofCirebon
ThePortofCirebonwasestablishedbytheDutchin1865,
principallyasanexportpointforspices,sugarcaneandraw
materialsfromWestJava.Warehousesandopenstorageareaswere
developedby1890,andaBritishAmericanTobaccocigarette
factorywasbuiltintheearly20thcentury.

PortofCirebon.

Portactivityisdominatedbybulkimportsofcoal,liquidasphaltand
vegetableoilsfortheWestJavahinterland.Until2002,theportalso
cateredforminorcontainertradeandcruiseshipping.In2006the
porthandled3.27millionmetrictons(MT)oftrade,morethan90
percentasimportsfromothersIndonesianports.

Publicservice
Nearly93%ofthepopulationhasbeenunderservedbyservicewaterfromPDAMCirebon,themajorityof
customersinthecity'swatersupplytohouseholds(90.37%orasmanyas59,006)ofthetotalnumberof
existingconnections(65,287).[6]

Health
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SincetheDutchEastIndiesgovernment,CirebonCityhashadahospitalnamedOrange,whichunveiledits
useonAugust31,1921andcommencedoperationsfromSeptember1,1921.
In2009inthecityofCirebonhasbeenavailableabout6generalhospitals,fourmaternityhospitals,21
healthcenters,15healthcentersMaid,20MobileHealthCenter,and81PharmaciesandDrugStores31.
Withthenumberofmedicalpersonnelsuchasspecialistdoctorsabout94people,and116general
practitioners,37dentists,847nursesand278midwives.[7]

Notablepeople
SeemoreatCategory:PeoplefromCirebon

TwintownsSistercities
Cirebonhassisterrelationshipswithanumberoftownsworldwide:
Seoul,SouthKorea
Suwon,SouthKorea
Jeonju,SouthKorea
Hwaseong,SouthKorea
Busan,SouthKorea
Moscow,Russia
Brisbane,Australia
Melbourne,Australia
Bandung,Indonesia
Palembang,Indonesia
Dublin,RepublicOfIreland
Pekanbaru,Indonesia
GoldCoast,Australia

Orientationandplaces
ThemainboulevardisJalanSiliwangi.ItrunsfromthetrainstationtothecanalviathePasarPagi
("MorningMarket").ThenthestreetbecomesJalanKaranggetasalongwhicharemostofCirebon'sbanks,
restaurants,andhotels.ThereareanumberofhistoricbuildingsandotherkeysitesinCirebon,someof
theminanadvancedstateofdecay.Theseincludethebuildingsoftheseveralkratons,theSangCiptaRasa
GrandMosque,andtheGuaSunyaragiPark.[8]
WaliSongo,especiallySunanGunungJati,isknowntohaveinfluencedthecity'shistory.SunanGunung
Jati'sgraveislocatedseveralkilometresoutsidethecityintheGunungJatidistrict.Therearetwotemples
andacavesystembuiltbytwoChinesearchitectsaroundthe1880s,decoratedbyChineseandWestern
porcelain.ThevillageofTrusmi,aboutfivekilometersoutsideofCirebon,hasbeennotedforbatik
production.Plangonisahabitatofmonkeys.
MtCeremai,thehighestpeakinWestJava,isalargevolcanosituatedabout40kmtothesouthofCirebon.
ParksandothertouristspotsontheslopesofMtCeremaiarepopularplacesforgroupsfromCirebonto
visitduringweekendstoescapefromthehotterclimateonthecoast.ThevillageofLinggajati,nearthe
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townofCilimus,(wheretheLinggadjatiAgreementwassigned)isonesuchplace.Publictransportation
bringstouristsandvisitorshere.

Gallery

GateatKeraton
Kasepuhan

Buildinginside
KeratonofKasepuhan
complex
EntrancetothetombofSunan
GunungJati.

Sunyaragimeditation
caves

CirebonStation

Footnotes
1. Turner,Peter(November1995).Java.Melbourne:LonelyPlanet.p.229.ISBN0864423144.
2. "ProfilSejarahPemerintahan"(http://www.cirebonkota.go.id/index.php/profil/sejarah/sejarahpemerintahan/).
Cirebonkota.go.id.
3. "BandungKotaTerpadatdiJawaBarat|nusa|Tempo.co"
(http://www.wartono.org/hg/bandung/2010/09/01/brk,20100901275625,id.html).Tempointeraktif.com.201009
01.Retrieved20120523.
4. AryaDipa,CouncilurgedtoendorseformationofCirebonprovince'
(http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/31/councilurgedendorseformationcirebonprovince.html),The
JakartaPost,31May2012.
5. "MasyarakatMajalengkaTolakProvinsiBaru"
(http://www.mediaindonesia.com/read/2012/02/21/299930/289/101/MasyarakatMajalengkaTolakProvinsi
Baru).February21,2012.
6. "ProfileCirebon"(http://ciptakarya.pu.go.id/profil/profil/barat/jabar/cirebon.pdf)(PDF).Ciptakarya.pu.go.id.
7. "Cirebonhealthdata"(http://www.cirebonkota.go.id/wpcontent/uploads/2011/05/B5KES.pdf)(PDF).
8. NanaRukmana,'52Cirebonhistoricbuildingsinperil'(http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/07/16/52
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cirebonhistoricbuildingsperil.html),TheJakartaPost,16July2012.

Furtherreading
Graaf,H.J.de(HermanusJohannesdeGraaf),1899(?),"ChineseMuslimsinJavainthe15thand
16thcenturies:theMalayAnnalsofSemarangandCerbon/translatedandprovidedwithcomments
byH.J.deGraafandTheodoorGautierThomasPigeaudeditedbyM.C.Ricklefs.Publisher:
[Melbourne]|MonashUniversity,1984.Description:xiii,221p.|foldedmap21cm.ISBN0
867464194|Series:MonashpapersonSoutheastAsiano.12
Sulendraningrat,P.S.(1985).SejarahCirebon.Jakarta:BalaiPustaka.OCLC246515112
(https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/246515112).

Externallinks
Officialsite(http://www.cirebonkota.go.id/)

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