Experiment No.

2
SMALL STEAM POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY
Course Code: MEP510L2
Course Title: ME LAB 3 ( THERMAL LAB. 2)
Section: ME51FA1
Student: TAGUIBAO, Yvan Rae V.

Program: BSME
Date Performed: November 25, 2014
Date Submitted: December 2, 2014
Instructor: Engr. Benjamin Tiglao

1. Objective:
The activity aims to introduce the basic components of a steam power plant.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able to:
2.1 Identify the major parts of small power plant.
2.2 Draw a schematic diagram of a steam power plant in accordance with the Philippine
Mechanical Code and Standards.
2.3 Describe the fundamental principles of operation of a small power plant.
2.4 Develop professional work ethics, including precision, neatness, safety and ability to follow
instruction.
3. Discussion:
The use of ultrahigh pressures and temperatures in large steam power plants generated many
complications both in equipment and in operation. But size and complexity do not greatly affect the
fundamental of testing boilers, turbines, engines, and condensers, and it is to such individual test that this
activity is devoted.
Although the laboratory machines may be small in size, the principles involved and the analyses to be
made will correspond to those in practice. The performance values obtained in power plant tests are
valuable to the designers and the development engineers as well as to the operators and the plant
supervisors.
Test work in the steam power plant is focused with the main units, i.e., the boilers and the engines or
turbines. In connection with the performance of these units, however, certain other tests and analyses are
desirable or in some cases necessary to obtain analyses of fuel and also of the combustion products. In
addition, it might be desirable to determine the performance of certain boiler auxiliaries. In a condensing
plant, the performance of the engine or turbine in some extent depends on the performance of the
condenser and its auxiliaries, and it is therefore desirable that the performance of these should also be
measured.

The cost of fuel is by far the largest individual item of cost in a power plant; hence the greatest savings in
the power plant are to be made in the boiler room, both through the proper control of combustion and by
keeping of repairs to minimum. In these ways, the operator is greatly helped by the use of modern
instruments and automatic controls to regulate the combustion process. Boilers with different designs give
uniformly good results when properly operated. But certain engineering tests and analyses must be made
as part of the daily operating routine if a boiler is to be operated efficiently. In this way, test work in the
boiler room differs from tests on most other operating units. Once the design of an engine, a turbine, or a
compressor is fixed, the operator can do little to affect its performance. Not so with a boiler installation, its
efficiency depends to a very large extent upon the operator.

Typical Fire Tube Boiler (Cut-Away View)

4. Materials and Equipment:

Small Power Plant

Philippine Mechanical Code

5. Procedure:
1. Draw with complete label a schematic diagram of the steam piping layout. Start with the shut-off
valve on the boiler, and sketch the high-pressure piping to the header and then to each of the main
engine or turbine. Indicate the location of each valve and fitting; give the type and purpose of each
and the reason for its particular location. Show steam separators and steam traps.
2. Draw with complete label a schematic diagram of the exhaust steam, condensate, and feed water
piping. On a second sketch, indicate the path of the exhaust steam of the condensate, and of the
feed water, from each of the main engines back to the boiler. Observe the general outline given
from the previous sketch, and in addition, indicate the following: exhaust pressure and disposal of
steam; location of oil separator; source of make-up or raw-water supply and where admitted to
system, how it will be treated, controlled and measured?
3. For Boiler, specify the manufacturers name, number, type, heating surface, operating pressure
and load capacity
4. For Furnace, specify the wall construction, kind of fuel used, method of handling and provision for
handling flue gas; type of air supply and its control; burning equipment, type of stoker if equipped;
and type of pulverized-fuel nozzle if equipped.
5. For Turbine, specify the manufacturers name, number, size, and full classification; condensing or
non condensing; kind of load; method of lubrication; procedure in starting; and safety controls.
6. For Auxiliaries, a brief description of the type, size, and condition of operation of each of the major
auxiliaries.
7. For Condenser, specify whether surface or jet, size of steam, water and air connections, pressures
and temperatures at time of observation; source of circulating water, spray ponds, cooling tower
and condensing pumps.
1. For Feed water system, Heaters: open or closed; method of piping; pressures and temperatures at
time of observation. Pumps: type, size and speed. Control: type and method of operation of feed
water regulators and pump governors, if any; treatment of feed water.
2. Other auxiliaries. Note the type and location of each of the following, if they are provided: super
heaters, economizers, forced draft-fans, induced draft fans, soot blowers, CO 2 recorders, oil
purifiers and air compressor.

6. Mini Steam Power Plant Specifications:

For Boiler:
Manufacturers Name:
Enertech Systems Industries, INC.
Type:
Fire Tube Boiler
Heating Surface:
10.5461 sq. meter
Operating Pressure: Cut-in
40 psi
Operating Pressure: Cut-off
50 psi
Load:
Mechanical Drive Steam Turbine

For Furnace:
Wall Construction:
Carbon Steel
Fuel Used:
Diesel
Burning Equipment:
Air Fuel Register
HHV of Fuel Used:
45,136.26 kJ / kg

For Turbine:
Manufacturers Name:
Coppus Turbine
Size:
7 Hp Turbine
Classification:
Mechanical Drive Turbine
Kind of Load:
Generator
Method of Lubrication:
Direct

For Condenser:
Type:
Shell and Tube Type
Pressure Reading:
0 psig
Temperature Reading:
100 C
Source of Circulating Water:
Water Softener / Tap Water
Feedwater Pump:
Pump power:
2 Hp
Efficiency:
Capacity:
0.1 L / min
Cooling Tower:
Motor Capacity:
4 Hp
Motor Rpm:
1730 rpm
Brand:
Three Phase Asynchronoid motors
Voltage/wattage
230 460 volts
Piping:
Material Used:
Black Iron
Insulation Used:
Insulation Perlite Pipe
Thermal Conductivity:
0.04 0.06 W / mK

Other Auxiliaries:
Auxiliary Name

WATER TREATMENT

Specify Data and Functions:

Accurate analytical measurement and Control of the Water
Treatment Process in Power Utilities can ensure optimum
Boiler feed water Quality resulting in savings on Chemical
reagent Costs and greatly reduced costly boiler pipework
Corrosion.

MOTOR PUMP

Used as water supply pump in condenser tank

SIGHT GLASS

Used to monitor the water level inside the boiler.

OIL TANK

Serves as container of the diesel fuel oil.

CONDENSATE PUMP

Used to pump the condensate (water) produced in a condensing

boiler furnace or steam system.

PRESSURE VALVES

Used to control conditions such as flow, pressure, and temperature to

monitor changes in such conditions.

STEAM SENSOR

Used for control and monitoring of pressure of a steam, usually acts

as a transducer; it generates a signal as a function of the pressure
imposed.

7. Analysis and Interpretation of Data:

For Higher heating Value (HHV)
Bureau of Standards Formula:
Qh=51,7168,793.8 ( S . G . )2
Q h=51,7168,793.8 ( 0.865 )

Qh=45,136.26

kJ
kg

In determining the Higher heating value or Gross calorific value (HHV) we first get a sample of the
fuel. We asked the technician to help us get a sample of at least 1000ml of diesel from the oil tanker. By
using hydrometer we measure the specific gravity of diesel fuel. We test the specific gravity of the diesel
sample three times to make sure we get the same value. After getting the specific gravity of the diesel
sample. I used the Bureau of Standards Formula from Power and Industrial Plant Engineering volume 1 by
Capote to get the desired amount of Higher Heating Value. Using a funnel we put back the diesel sample to
the oil tanker.

8. Conclusion and Recommendation:

A steam power plant consists of main components and auxiliary components and other systems. In
this experiment we are ask to familiarize the basic components of a steam power plant. The main
component consists of Boiler, Steam Turbine, Condenser, and Generator.
In the boiler water is converted into steam. The process is to change water into vapor by heating the
water in the pipes inside the boiler with heat from burning fuel. Combustion process is carried out in the
combustion chamber. The resulting steam is superheated with a high temperature and high pressure.
In the Steam turbine it converts the steam or the heat energy in the steam into rotary motion. The
steam with a high pressure and temperature are pushing the shafts inside the turbine to perform work. Now
the steam coming into the turbine is down to saturated vapor then flows to the condenser.
In the Condenser it converts steam into water. The steam enters the condenser and flows outside or
the shell side where condensation occurs while the cooling water flows into the tube side. The
condensation occurs when the high pressure and high temperature steam reach its saturation point.
In the Generator it converts mechanical energy to electrical energy to generate power. Thru magnetic
induction the generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
The auxiliary components are the ones who helps the system to work well, and efficiently, and to
prevent the steam power plant into any damage or performance breakdown.
Steam power plant components including the auxiliary parts are not easy to familiarize with, so I
recommend the next user to know how the steam power plant works or review the Rankine Cycle because
it will help you understand it more than just by memorizing it part by part.

9. Assessment Rubric:
T I P - V PAA 0 5 4 D
Revision Status/Date:0/2009 September 09

CRITERIA

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR LABORATORY PERFORMANCE
BEGINNER
ACCEPTABLE
PROFICIENT
1
2
3

Laboratory Skills
Manipulative Members do not
Skills
demonstrate needed
skills.
Experimental Members are unable to
Set-up
set-up the materials.

Members occasionally
demonstrate needed
skills.
Members are able to
set-up the materials
with supervision.
Members occasionally
demonstrate targeted
process skills.

Members always
demonstrate needed
skills.
Members are able to
set-up the material with
minimum supervision.
Members always
demonstrate targeted
process skills.

Process
Skills

Members do not
demonstrate targeted
process skills.

Safety
Precautions

Members do not follow

safety precautions.

Members follow safety Members follow safety

precautions most of the precautions at all
time.
times.

Members do not finish

on time with incomplete
data.

Members finish on time

with incomplete data.

Work Habits
Time
Management/
Conduct of
Experiment
Cooperative
and
Teamwork

Members finish ahead

of time with complete
data and time to revise
data.
Members do not know
Members have defined Members are on tasks
their tasks and have no responsibilities most of and have
defined responsibilities. the time. Group
responsibilities at all
Group conflicts have to conflicts are
times. Group conflicts
be settled by the
cooperatively managed are cooperatively
teacher.
most of the time.
managed at all times.
Neatness and Messy workplace during Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Orderliness
and after the
workplace with
workplace at all times
experiment.
occasional mess during during and after the
and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Ability to do
Members require
Members require
Members do not need
independent supervision by the
occasional supervision to be supervised by the
work
teacher.
by the teacher.
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations:

TOTAL SCORE

SCORE

RATING=
x 100%