Revision Paper 5: Binomial Theorem Solutions

Q1

Expand x . Hence find the term independent of x.

x

6
2
3
4
5
6
6 5 1 6 4 1 6 3 1 6 2 1 6 1 1
1

6
x x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x
x

x x x x x x
15 6 1
x 6 6 x 4 15 x 2 20 2 4 6
x
x
x

Q2

Show that (1 2) 4 17 12 2 .
(1 2) 4 1 4 2 6( 2) 2 4( 2)3 ( 2) 4
1 4 2 6(2) 8 2 4
17 12 2
4

Q3

1
Find the ratios of the coefficients of the 3rd and 5th terms in the expansion of 1 x .
2
2

4 1
3
T3 x x 2 ,
2
2 2
4

4 1
1
T5 x x 4
4 2 16
3 1
Ratio of coefficients = 24
2 16
9

Q4

Find in ascending powers of x, the first three terms in the expansion of 2 5 x .

x
3

9
9
8
7
9 1
1
1
1
2
5
x
9
(5
x
)

2 (5 x) ...
2
2
2
3x
3x
3x
2 3x
1
5
100

...
18
15
19683 x
729 x
243 x12
8

Q5

Find the coefficient of x y in the expansion of x .

3

4 4

8
y
Tr 1 x8 r
3
r
8r 4

r4
4

8 y
70 4 4
T5 x 4
x y
81
4 3
70
coeff of x 4 y 4is
.
81

Q6

Find the first four terms in the expansion of (1 x)15 , in ascending powers of x. Use the result to
estimate the value of 1.0215, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

15
15
15
(1 x)15 1 x x 2 x 3 ...
1
2
3
1 15 x 105 x 2 455 x3 ...
1 x 1.02
x 0.02
1.0215 (1 0.02)15
1 15(0.02) 105(0.02) 2 455(0.02)3 ...
1.35
Q7

The coefficient of x3 is 448 in the expansion of (1 ax)8 , where a > 0. Hence, find the coefficient of
x4.
8
Tr 1 ( ax ) r
r
8
T4 ( ax )3 56a 3 x 3 ,
3
56a 3 448
a 2
8
T5 (2 x) 4 1120 x 4
4
coeff of x 4is 1120.

Q8

Obtain the first four terms in the expansion of (2 x x 2 )6 in ascending powers of x.

(2 [ x x 2 ])6 26 6(25 )( x x 2 ) 15(24 )( x x 2 ) 2 20(23 )( x x 2 )3 ...

64 6(32)( x x 2 ) 15(16)( x 2 2 x3 x 4 ) 20(8)( x3 ...) ...
64 192 x 192 x 2 240 x 2 480 x3 160 x3 ...
64 192 x 48 x 2 320 x3 ...
7

Q9

Given that the coefficient of x4 is

7

35
x
in the expansion of (3 px) 1 , find the value of p.
16
2

35
35
x

(3 px) 1 (3 px ) .... x 3 x 4 ...

2
8
16

35 4
35
35
3 x4 p x4
x
16
16
8
105 70 p 35

16
16
105 70 p 35
p 1

Q10

The first four terms in the expansion of (2 qx) n , where n > 0, are 8 144 x
Calculate the values of n, r and s.
n
n
n
(2 qx) n 2n 2n 1 (qx) 2n 2 (qx) 2 2n 3 (qx)3 ...
1
2
3
27
8 144 x r 2 x 2 sx 3
2
2n 8 n 3
n(2n 1 )q 144 3(22 )q 144 q 12
n n 2 2 27 2
27 2
r 3(2)(144)
r r 8
2 q
2
2
2
n n 3 3
2 q s s 1728
3
n

x
nx n(n 1) 2
x ...
1 2 1 2
8

Q11

nx n(n 1) 2

x ... 1 ax 7x 2 ...
8
2

Equating coefficients of x2:

n(n 1)
7
8
n 2 n 56 0
(n 8)(n 7) 0

n = 8 or n = 7 (N.A.)
Hence n = 8.

Q12

x
8 x
For 1 , the general term is given by Tr 1 .
2

For the term in x3, r = 3.

8 x
T4

3 2

7x 3

Hence the coefficient of x3 is 7.

r 2

27 2 2
r x sx 3 .
2

Q13

2 3

5 4
25
2
1
5

2
4

5 3
2
2

3 53 2 3
2

3 3
4

32 80 3 240 120 3 90 9 3
362 209 3

2 3

362 209 3

2 3 2 3 362 209 3 362 209 3

362 209 3
5

Hence 2 3
5

Q14

2 3

(shown)

6
6
6
(1 x)6 1
(x)3...
( x)
(x)2
1
2
3

= 1 6x + 15x2 20x3 +

(1 x 2x 2 )6 1 2x 2 x

Replace x by 2x2 x.
1 6(2x2 x) + 15(2x2 x)2 20(2x2 x)3 +
= 1 12x2 + 6x + 15(4x4 4x3 + x2) 20( x3 + )
+
= 1 12x2 + 6x 60x3 + 15x2 + 20x3 +
= 1 + 6x + 3x2 40x3 +

Q15
(1 x)5 (1 4x)4
1 5x 10x 2 ... 1 4(4x) 6(4x)2 ...
1 5x 10x 2 ... 116x 96x 2 ...

= 1 16x + 96x2 + 5x - 80x2 + 10x2 +

= 1 11x+ 26x2 +
Q16
6

1
1 2 1
1

a a a 2 a
a
a
a
a

1
1

a2 2 a2 2 2
a
a

Coefficient of a 8 2 6 12

Q17

5
5
2
(1 px) 1 qx (1 px) 1 5 qx qx ...
2

(1 px) 1 5qx 10q 2 x 2 ...

1 (5q p ) x (10q 2 +5pq ) x 2 ...

5q p 6 (1)
10q 2 +5pq 0 (2)
p 6 5q (3)
10q 2 5(6 5q )q 0
q (q 2) 0
q 0 (rej.) or q 2
p 16
Q18

1 kx 1

nx n(n 1) x 2

...
1
kx

2
2
4

2
2
nx n(n 1) x
knx
1
kx
2
4
2

n
0 (1)
2
n(n 1) kn
15
(2)
4
2
4
k

Sub (1) into (2):

n(n 1) n 2
15

4
4
4
n 15

15
2

Q19
2n
1
Tr 1 x 2 n r
r
x

x 2nr r x0
nr

2n
n
Constant term 1
n
2 n ! 1 n

n !n !
n 2n !
1
2
n !

Q20

a b

a b

a b

a b

n
n
a n na n 1b a n 2b 2 a n 3b3 ... b n
2
3
n
n
a n na n 1b a n 2b 2 a n 3b3 ... b n
2
3
n

n
a n 1 a nb b 2 a n 2 a n 3b ... b n 2
3
2

a n 1 a nb b 2 M is divisible by b 2

510 214
510 29 25
510 29 32
2 3 2101 2 10(3)
10

32 M
9 M is divisble by 9