Functions P1 Mark scheme

1a. [4 marks]
Let

, where a , b ,

. The diagram shows the graph of y =

f(x) .

Markscheme
METHOD 1
f(x) = (x + 1)(x 1)(x 2) M1
A1A1A1
a = 2 , b = 1 and c = 2
METHOD 2
from the graph or using f(0) = 2
c = 2 A1
setting up linear equations using f(1) = 0 and f(1) = 0 (or f(2) = 0) M1
obtain a = 2 , b = 1 A1A1

[4 marks]
1b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(i) (1, 0) , (3, 0) and (4, 0) A1
(ii) g(0) occurs at 3f(2) (M1)
= 36 A1
[3 marks]
2a. [3 marks]
Consider a function f , defined by

Markscheme
M1A1
A1
[3 marks]
2b. [8 marks]

Markscheme

A1A1

assume that P(k) is true, i.e.,

M1

consider
EITHER
2

(M1)

A1
A1
OR

(M1)

A1
A1
THEN
A1
P(k) true implies P(k + 1) true, P(1) true so P(n) true for all
[8 marks]
2c. [6 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
M1A1
A1
A1
M1
3

R1

A1
AG
METHOD 2
attempt

M1

A1A1
A1A1
Note: Award A1 marks for numerators and denominators.
A1AG
METHOD 3
attempt

M1

A1A1
A1A1
Note: Award A1 marks for numerators and denominators.
A1AG
[6 marks]
2d. [6 marks]

Markscheme
(i)

A1

(ii) METHOD 1
(M1)
A1

so

R1
AG

METHOD 2
(M1)
A1
true in the interval
(iii)

R1

(M1)A1

[6 marks]
3a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
A1A1
Note: A1 for two correct parameters, A2 for all three correct.
[2 marks]
3b. [3 marks]

Markscheme

translation

(allow 0.5 to the right) A1

stretch parallel to y-axis, scale factor 4 (allow vertical stretch or similar) A1

translation

(allow 4 up) A1

Note: All transformations must state magnitude and direction.

Note: First two transformations can be in either order.

It could be a stretch followed by a single translation of

is before the stretch it is

. If the vertical translation

[3 marks]
3c. [2 marks]
The function f is defined by

Markscheme

general shape (including asymptote and single maximum in first quadrant), A1

intercept

or maximum

shown A1
6

[2 marks]
3d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
A1A1
Note: A1 for

, A1 for

[2 marks]
3e. [3 marks]

Markscheme
let

A1
A1

A1
AG
Note: If following through an incorrect answer to part (a), do not award final A1 mark.
[3 marks]
3f. [7 marks]

Markscheme
A1
Note: A1 for correct change of limits. Award also if they do not change limits but go
back to x values when substituting the limit (even if there is an error in the integral).
(M1)
A1
let the integral = I

M1
(M1)A1
A1AG
[7 marks]
4a. [2 marks]
Given the complex numbers

and

Markscheme
A1A1
[2 marks]
4b. [5 marks]

Markscheme
or the squared modulus (M1)(A1)
attempt to minimise
obtain
state

or their quadratic or its half or its square root M1

at minimum (A1)
as final answer A1

[5 marks]
5a. [3 marks]
The function f is given by

, for x > 0.

Markscheme
EITHER
M1A1
> 0 as both numerator and denominator are positive R1

OR
M1A1
Note: Accept a convincing valid argument the numerator is greater than the
denominator.
numerator and denominator are positive R1
hence

AG

[3 marks]
5b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
one line equation to solve, for example,

, or equivalent A1

attempt to solve a three-term equation M1

obtain

A1
or equivalent A1

Note: Award A0 if an extra solution for x is given.

[4 marks]
6a. [2 marks]
The function f is defined by

, with domain

Markscheme
by division or otherwise
A1A1
[2 marks]
6b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
9

A1
> 0 as

(on D) R1AG

Note: Do not penalise candidates who use the original form of the function to compute
its derivative.
[2 marks]
6c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
A2
Note: Award A1A0 for the correct endpoints and an open interval.
[2 marks]
6d. [8 marks]

Markscheme
(i) EITHER
rearrange

to make x the subject M1

obtain one-line equation, e.g.

A1

A1
OR
interchange x and y M1
obtain one-line equation, e.g.

A1

A1
THEN
A1
Note: Accept
10

(ii), (iii)

A1A1A1A1
[8 marks]
Note: Award A1 for correct shape of
Award A1 for x intercept
Award A1 for the graph of

seen. Award A1 for y intercept

being the reflection of

Candidates are not required to indicate the full domain, but

shown approaching

seen.
in the line

should not be

. Candidates, in answering (iii), can FT on their sketch in (ii).

11

6e. [7 marks]

Markscheme
(i)

A1A1A1
Note: A1 for correct sketch

, A1 for symmetry, A1 for correct domain (from 1 to

+8).
Note: Candidates can FT on their sketch in (d)(ii).
(ii) attempt to solve

(M1)
12

obtain

A1

use of symmetry or valid algebraic approach (M1)

obtain

A1

[7 marks]
7. [5 marks]

Markscheme
M1A1A1

Note: Award M1 for substitution of 2 or 1 and equating to remainder, A1 for each

correct equation.
attempt to solve simultaneously M1
A1
[5 marks]
8. [6 marks]

Markscheme
(M1)(A1)
(M1)(A1)
M1
A1
Note: Award M1A0M1A0M1A1 if answer of 50 is found using
[6 marks]
9. [6 marks]

Markscheme
13

and

(a) using the formulae for the sum and product of roots:
A1
A1
M1

A1
Note: Award M0 for attempt to solve quadratic equation.
[4 marks]
(b)

M1
A1

Note: Final answer must be an equation. Accept alternative correct forms.

[2 marks]
Total [6 marks]
10a. [2 marks]

Markscheme

14

A1A
1
Note: Award A1 for correct shape and A1 for correct domain and range.
[2 marks]
10b. [3 marks]

Markscheme

A1
attempting to find any other solutions M1
Note: Award (M1) if at least one of the other solutions is correct (in radians or
degrees) or clear use of symmetry is seen.

A1
Note: Award A1 for all other three solutions correct and no extra solutions.
15

Note: If working in degrees, then max A0M1A0.

[3 marks]
11a. [2 marks]
The function f is defined by

Markscheme
and

A1

both answers are the same, hence f is continuous (at

) R1

Note: R1 may be awarded for justification using a graph or referring to limits. Do not
award A0R1.
[2 marks]
11b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
reflection in the y-axis

(M1)
Note: Award M1 for evidence of reflecting a graph in y-axis.

translation

(M1)A1A1
Note: Award (M1) for attempting to substitute

for x, or translating a graph

along positive x-axis.

Award A1 for the correct domains (this mark can be awarded independent of the M1).
Award A1 for the correct expressions.
16

[4 marks]
12a. [2 marks]
Consider the following functions:

Markscheme

A1A
1
Note: A1 for correct shape, A1 for asymptotic behaviour at
[2 marks]
12b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
A1
domain of

is equal to the domain of

A1

[2 marks]
12c. [7 marks]
17

Markscheme
(i)

M1A1

(A1)

A1
(ii) METHOD 1
f is a constant R1
when
M1A1
AG
METHOD 2

from diagram
A1
A1
R1
hence

AG
18

METHOD 3
M1

A1
denominator = 0, so

R1

[7 marks]
12d. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(i) Nigel is correct. A1
METHOD 1
is an odd function and

is an odd function

composition of two odd functions is an odd function and sum of two odd functions is an
odd function R1
METHOD 2

therefore f is an odd function. R1

(ii)

A1

[3 marks]
13. [5 marks]

Markscheme
M1
M1
Note: In each case award the M marks if correct substitution attempted and right-hand
side correct.

19

attempt to solve simultaneously

M1

A1
A1
[5 marks]
14a. [2 marks]
The diagram below shows a sketch of the graph of

Markscheme

20

(a)
shape with y-axis intercept (0, 4) A1
Note: Accept curve with an asymptote at
correct asymptote

suggested.

A1

[2 marks]
14b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
range is
Note: Also accept

A1
or

Note: Do not allow follow through from incorrect asymptote in (a).

21

[1 mark]
14c. [4 marks]

Markscheme
M1
A1
asymptote at

M1
A1

[4 marks]
15a. [4 marks]
The graphs of

and

are shown below.

22

Let f (x) =

Markscheme

23

M
1A1A1A1
Note: Award M1 for any of the three sections completely correct, A1 for each correct
segment of the graph.
[4 marks]
15b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
(i) 0 A1
(ii) 2 A1
24

(iii) finding area of rectangle (M1)

A1
Note: Award M1A0 for the answer 4.
[4 marks]
16. [6 marks]

Markscheme
let
let
A1
A1
M1

(M1)
A1A1
[6 marks]
17a. [3 marks]
The graph of

is shown below, where A is a local maximum point and D is a

local minimum point.

25

Markscheme

26

A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct shape.
Award A1 for two correct asymptotes, and

and

Award A1 for correct coordinates,

.
.

[3 marks]
17b. [3 marks]

Markscheme

27

A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct general shape including the horizontal asymptote. Award
A1 for recognition of 1 maximum point and 1 minimum point. Award A1 for correct
coordinates,

and

[3 marks]
18a. [2 marks]
Consider the following functions:

Markscheme
A1
A1
[2 marks]
28

18b. [4 marks]

Markscheme

M1A1

(A1)
A1
[4 marks]
18c. [4 marks]

Markscheme
(i) METHOD 1

M1

(A1)

A1
Note: Accept in line 3 for the (A1) but not in line 4 for the A1.
Award the A1 only if written in the form

METHOD 2

M1

(A1)

A1
29

Note: Accept in line 3 for the (A1) but not in line 4 for the A1.
Award the A1 only if written in the form
(ii) domain:

; range:

A1

[4 marks]
18d. [6 marks]

Markscheme
probabilities from

A2
Note: Award A1 for one error, A0 otherwise.
probabilities from

A2
Note: Award A1 for one error, A0 otherwise.
only in the case of

does

, hence only

probability mass function A2

[6 marks]
18e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
M1
A1
[2 marks]
30

can be used as a

19a. [4 marks]
The quadratic function

has a maximum value of 5 when x = 3.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
M1

q = 6 A1
f(3) = p + 18 9 = 5 M1
p = 4 A1
METHOD 2
M1A1

q = 6, p = 4 A1A1
[4 marks]
19b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
M1A1
Note: Accept any alternative form which is correct.
Award M1A0 for a substitution of (x + 3) .
[2 marks]
20a. [3 marks]
The diagram shows the graph of y = f(x) . The graph has a horizontal asymptote at y =
2.

31

Markscheme

A3
Note: Award A1 for each correct branch with position of asymptotes clearly indicated.
If x = 2 is not indicated, only penalise once.
[3 marks]
32

20b. [3 marks]

Markscheme

A
3
Note: Award A1 for behaviour at
large

, A1 for intercept at

, A1 for behaviour for

[3 marks]
21. [6 marks]

Markscheme
M1
Note: The M1 is for switching the variables and may be awarded at any stage in the
process and is awarded independently. Further marks do not rely on this mark being
gained.

33

A1
M1A1

therefore

A1

since ln is undefined for the second solution R1

Note: Accept

Note: The R1 may be gained by an appropriate comment earlier.

[6 marks]
22. [4 marks]

Markscheme
EITHER
M1

A1
A1A1 N2
Note: Award A1A0 for incorrect inequality signs.
OR

M1A1

Note: Award M1 for any attempt to find a critical value. If graphical methods are used,
award M1 for correct graphs, A1 for correct values of x.
34

A1A1 N2
Note: Award A1A0 for incorrect inequality signs.
[4 marks]
23. [8 marks]

Markscheme
(a)
(M1)

(A1)
since

(M1)

A1
Note: Penalize the use of

instead of

(b)

only once.

M1A1
A1

A1
[8 marks]
24a. [4 marks]
Consider the equation

Markscheme
for the equation to have real roots
M1

(by sign diagram, or algebraic method) M1

35

A1A1
Note: Award first A1 for

and 1, and second A1 for inequalities. These are

independent marks.
[4 marks]
24b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(M1)
A1
hence, from (a) range is

A1

[3 marks]
24c. [1 mark]

Markscheme
a value for y would lead to 2 values for x from (a) R1
Note: Do not award R1 if (b) has not been tackled.
[1 mark]
25. [6 marks]

Markscheme
(a)

36

A
1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct asymptote with correct behaviour and A1 for shape.
[2 marks]
(b) intersect on

(M1)
(A1)

intersect at (1, 1) A1 A1
[4 marks]
Total [6 marks]
26a. [2 marks]
Consider the functions given below.
37

Markscheme
(i)

(ii)

(or equivalent) A1
,

(or equivalent) A1

[2 marks]
26b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
EITHER
(M1)
A1
OR
A1
M1
THEN
(or equivalent) A1
,

(coordinates are (1, 1) ) A1

[4 marks]
27a. [2 marks]
The diagram below shows the graph of the function
,where

38

, defined for all

C
onsider the function

Markscheme
(M1)
and

(or equivalent) A1

[2 marks]
27b. [6 marks]

Markscheme
vertical asymptotes
horizontal asymptote

A1
A1

Note: Equations must be seen to award these marks.

maximum

A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct x-coordinate and A1 for correct y-coordinate.

one branch correct shape A1
39

other 2 branches correct shape A1

[6 marks]
28a. [5 marks]
Consider the function

Markscheme
(i)

M1A1

40

so

when

(ii)

when

, i.e.

A1

and

when

R1

hence local maximum AG

Note: Accept argument using correct second derivative.
(iii)

A1

[5 marks]
28b. [5 marks]

Markscheme
M1

A1
Note: May be seen in part (a).
(M1)

since

when

then point of inflexion

and

when

A1

[5 marks]
28c. [3 marks]

Markscheme

41

R1

A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for the maximum and intercept, A1 for a vertical asymptote and A1
for shape (including turning concave up).
[3 marks]
28d. [6 marks]

Markscheme

42

(i)
A1A1
Note: Award A1 for each correct branch.
(ii) all real values A1

43

(iii)

(M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1)(A1) for sketching the graph of h, ignoring any graph of g.
(accept

) A1
44

[6 marks]
29. [5 marks]

Markscheme
using the factor theorem or long division (M1)
(A1)

(A1)
(A1)

Note: Award M1A0A0A1A1 for using

as the third factor, without justification

that the leading coefficient is 1.

[5 marks]
30. [8 marks]

Markscheme
(a)

(M1)A1

(b)

(A1) (N3)

A1A1

Note: Award A1 for limits and A1 for correct inequality signs.

(c)
M1
A1
M1

A1
[8 marks]
31. [6 marks]

Markscheme
45

METHOD 1
As (x +1) is a factor of P(x), then P(1) = 0 (M1)
(or equivalent) A1
As (x 2) is a factor of P(x), then P(2) = 0 (M1)
(or equivalent) A1
Attempting to solve for a and b M1
a = 2 and b = 1 A1 N1
[6 marks]
METHOD 2
By inspection third factor must be x 1. (M1)A1
(M1)A1
Equating coefficients a = 2, b = 1 (M1)A1 N1
[6 marks]
METHOD 3
Considering

or equivalent (M1)
A1A1

Recognising that

(M1)

Attempting to solve for a and b M1

a = 2 and b = 1 A1 N1
[6 marks]
32. [6 marks]

Markscheme
(a)

(M1)

46

A1
(b) METHOD 1
(interchanging x and y) M1
Attempting to solve for y M1

(A1)
A1 N1
METHOD 2
(interchanging x and y) M1
Attempting to solve for y M1
(A1)
A1 N1
Note: In either METHOD 1 or METHOD 2 rearranging first and interchanging
afterwards is equally acceptable.
[6 marks]
33. [6 marks]

Markscheme
M1
A1
M1
A1
A1A1 N0
[6 marks]

47

34. [5 marks]

Markscheme
(A1)

(M1)A1

(A1)
A1
[5 marks]
35. [5 marks]

Markscheme

(M1)
A1
(A1)
A1
so the product of the zeros of g is

A1 N0

[5 marks]
36. [8 marks]

Markscheme
(a) METHOD 1
A1
M1

48

(or equivalent) (A1)

A1 N0
METHOD 2
A1
attempt to use difference of cubes formula,

(A1)
A1 N0
METHOD 3

49

M1

diagram showing that the solid can be decomposed M1

into three congruent

cuboids with volume x A1

and a cube with edge x with volume

so,

A1

A1 N0

(b)
Note: Do not accept any method where candidate substitutes the given value of a into
.
METHOD 1
M1
50

as

A1

so,
as

M1A1
,

AG N0

METHOD 2
M1A1

as

M1A1

AG N0
[8 marks]
37. [5 marks]

Markscheme
M1A1
A1
M1
A1
Notes: The first M1 is for one substitution and the consequent equations.
Accept expressions for

and

that are not simplified.

[5 marks]
38. [5 marks]

Markscheme
(a)

(A1)
(A1)
51

M1

A1 N4
(b) b is any real number A1
[5 marks]
39. [6 marks]

Markscheme
(a)

(M1)
A1A1

(b)

(M1)
(M1)
A1

[6 marks]
40. [4 marks]

Markscheme
(M1)(A1)
x = 1 or 4 or 1 or 2 A1A1
Notes: Award A1A1 for all four correct values,
A1A0 for two or three correct values,
A0A0 for less than two correct values.
Award M1 and corresponding A marks for correct attempt to find expressions for f and
g.
[4 marks]
41. [8 marks]
52

Markscheme
(a) an attempt to use either asymptotes or intercepts (M1)
A1A1A1
(b)

A4
Note: Award A1 for both asymptotes,
A1 for both intercepts,
A1, A1 for the shape of each branch, ignoring shape at
[8 marks]
53

42. [6 marks]

Markscheme
(a) attempt at completing the square (M1)
(A1)
A1

(b) definition of suitable basic transformations:

stretch in y direction scale factor 3 A1

translation

A1

translation

A1

[6 marks]
43. [6 marks]

Markscheme
(a) Note: Interchange of variables may take place at any stage.
for the inverse, solve for x in

M1

(A1)

A1
Note: Do not award final A1 unless written in the form
54

(b)

leads to
(M1)
A1

[6 marks]

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