CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction
As a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award Diploma in Civil
Engineering, this student must at least take one session of Industry Training or
practical at an organization that have been by the Polytechnic for the student.
Industrial training will be progress for five month or twenty two week at the
organization where the student taking their practical. Starting from June 2001, all of
the polytechnic student at Malaysia Education Ministry have executed the system
which giving the entire Polytechnic student ten times credit who doing the Industry
Training. I have been accepted by a company name Yung Seng Construction which
the Head Quarters was located at the 7th mile, Kota Sentosa. The training session
has been progress for five month from the beginning of 01 December 2014 until 17
April 2015. The training session was started at a construction site which was located
at Jalan Serian nearest to the and the site project was next close to the UiTM
(University Technology Mara Malaysia).
1.2

Industrial Training Objective

Industrial training is the most important conditions that required for every

students of Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak before they are eligible to be considered

for the award of Diploma. Each student must pass through the training session

before being allowed to attend for the next semester. The student who failed shall
repeat the training session.
1.2.1

Objective of Industrial Training such as:

Allowed the students to expose to the real environment of

employment.
Fostering a sense of working in a team as the member of a company

and to enhance a closer relationship at workplace.

Enable the students to observe and compare the connection between

theoretical and practical learning session during the training.

To adopt attitudes to comply the companys rule sand safety

procedures during the training.

Improving the trustworthy between the officer and responsibility
character of the students during the training.

1.3

The important of industrial training to student

The industrial training program is a part of the curriculum in
Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak which every student can gain the
experiences and knowledge during their training session. It also can help
to improve the knowledge and self-confidence level of students into the
future employment.
1.3.1 The important to student such as:
The student can discipline themselves in matters that relating
to

the

employment

for

example:-

attendance,

timeliness,

perseverance, interested for the work done, accepted and carried

out the instructions properly.
Enable the students to have good communication skills to help
themselves to adapt to a given task and also can improving the
quality of work based on the work experiences.
The students can gain more information from a company that they
signed up. Therefore, they are able to learn the different theory and
help them to practice the knowledge or works.
Enable the students to improve the self-learning during the industrial
training.

 Students can learn and practice the new knowledge where they can
gained from the company based on learning acquired then they might
compared for their studies session at the class.

CHAPTER 2 : COMPANY BACKGROUND & ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

2.1
Yung Seng Organization Background
There are specialized in residential housing development. The management
foresees the potential market in Muara Tuang district, leading the company to
develop vigorously and enthusiastically in the Muara Tuang district over the year. In
later year, the development focuses and expand at the new Unimas are (UniGarden). There are also developments in Mukah Division. The various projects have
gain enormous success, although a lot challenges and difficulties were face
throughout.
The life-long Learning process is applied in our company where we always
work hard to gain success, to learn from the society, and keep up with advancement
of the technology. Throughout, the home design has been consistently upgraded to
meet the demand and desire for a better home in coincidence with the progress of
the development and improvisation.
We continue to implement serving the best house spirit and heading
towards the motive. Whereas, the management implements strategies that are best
to control and maintain the quality wise of our housings. By carefully selecting the
raw materials, paying attention to the details of the construction work, and with the
after-sale service, we believe that we are ever ready in serving our customer the
best house that they after.

FIGURE 1.1 : Map showing Yung Seng Construction Sdn. Bhd

2.2

FIGURE 1.2 : Map showing Taman Berlian.

Vision & Mission
The companys mission is to deliver the highest customer satisfaction, quality

residential housing through continuous improvement and learning process and

hearing the customer feedback.
We try our best to provide house that fulfill the requirements of the general
public, ensure that they are within customer budget, affordable dream house at
5

minimal cost with the best quality, ranging from single-storey terrace house type B to
the high-end-semi-detached house.

2.3

Company Structure

Sumbangan Aneka SDN BHD

2001)
Yung Seng Construction SDN BHD (604388-H, established in 22nd January

2003)
Yeshome Development SDN BHD
Berlian Stabil SDN BHD
APT Growth SDN BHD
Bandar Riyal SDN BHD
Evergreen Icon SDN BHD

(554126-X, registered in 23th July

(594500-X)
(840014-U)
(718020M)
(610273T)
(718020M)

2.4 Organization Structure Map

Account
Department
Sales
Department
OFFICE

Purchasing
Department

DIRECTOR

Quantity
Surveyor
Administration
Enginner
MANAGER

Site
Supervisor
Maintaince
SITE

Mechanic
Lorry Driver
Other
Excavator

STORE

CHART 2.1 : Organization Structure Map

2.5

Units House Built Each Year

500
450
400
350
300

Unit Of HOuse Buit 250

200
150
100
50
0

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

CHART 2.2 : Units of House Built Each Year

2.6

Overview of Project

PROJECT
Yung Seng Garden
(Kuching)
Yeshome Garden
Yung Seng Garden
(Mukah)
Merdang Garden
APT Garden
Uni Garden
Merlin Garden
Merbau Garden
Merdang Baru
Entingan Garden
Merbau Baru
Taman Bukit
Berangan
TOTAL

UNIT
OF
HOUSI
NG

PHASE
1

123

52

71

67

67

222

39

45

41

97

161
115
1019
294
88
123
55
69

40
115
87
66
88
63
55
69

53

52

16

106
29

86
199

180

72

72

60

2408

306

254

TABLE2.1 : Overview of Projects

CHAPTER 3 : WEEKLY SUMMERY

As a student Polytechnic that under His Industrial Training as the
requirement for award Diploma, a student must wrote down the information and data
about the knowledge or work that have the student face, learnt and hear during the
Industrial Training. To make sure marking work or evaluation more easily, the activity
has been made weekly and in a table form.
Date

Activities

1 Dec 5 Dec 2014

(1 week)

Reporting myself to the office

Introduce our self to staff
Acquaintanceship with leveling device
Obtain peg
Reading plan
Leveling
Transfer of TBM

8 Dec-13 Dec 2014

(2 week)

Leveling
Transfer of TBM
Looking peg for drain
Leveling for deep of drain

15 Dec-20 Dec 2014

(3 week)

See the process of cement

Estimating of perimeter area of house
Marking for classify of house
Measure the drain
Estimating of length for drain in Phase 7C & 7B

21 Dec 27 Dec 2014

(4 week)

Office was close

(Celebrating Christmas)
9

Keep in data into the computer

5 Jan 10 Jan 2015

(6 week)

Checker (material : Rock)

12 Jan 17 Jan 2015

(7 week)

Checker (material : Rock)

Leveling for road Sub-Base

19 Jan 24 Jan 2015

(8 week)

Construct Sub-Base

26 Jan 31 Jan 2015

(9 week)

Checker ( material : Rock)

Installation culvert

2 Feb -7 Feb 2015

(10 week)

Checker ( material : Rock)

9 Feb 14 Feb 2015

(11 week)

Checker ( material : Rock)

16 Feb 21 Feb 2015

(12 week)

Leveling for sub base of road

Planting the lose peg
Checker ( material : Rock)
Practical use the excavator

23 Feb - 28 Feb 2015

(13 week)

Burn the firewood

Chinese New Year
Checker (material : Rock)

2 Mac 7 Mac 2015

(14 week)

Checker (material : Rock)

Checker (material : Soil)

9 Mac 14 Mac 2015

(15 week)

Checker ( material : Soil)

Checker ( material : Rock)
Piling work

16 Mac 21 Mac 2015

(16 week)

Checker ( material : Rock)

Piling work

23 Mac 28 Mac 2015

(17 week)

Piling work
Checker (material : Rock)
Prepare Formwork [Ground Beam]

30 Mac 4 April 2015

(18 week)

Prepare Formwork [Column]

Prepare Formwork [Floor slab]
Checker (material : rock)

29 Dec 2014 3 Jan

2015
(5 week)

10

6 April 11 April 2015

(19 week)

Formwork [Upper beam]

Formwork [Upper Floor Slab]
Checker (material : rock)

13 April 17 April
(20 week)

Checker (material : rock)

CHAPTER 4 : TECHNICAL CONTENTS

4.1

PILING WORK

4.1.1

Definition
The pile is derived from the word "Pil" meaning arrows or sharp pole of

language "Anglo-Saxon" and there is also named as spikes. In Malay language, pile
was call as cerucuk. Pile play an important role as the major component in the

11

basic load transfer through the soil strata that have low bearing capacity of the strata
or rocks - rocks that have high bearing capacity.
In normal soil conditions, pile foundation is used to hold the lift ride like structure lure
shore rigs, foundation below ground water level or basic transmission towers. Pile
foundation is also used in soft soil to withstand horizontal loads, such as wind power
and the power of the earthquake in bending. The soil was easily to expands and
contracts the soil sensitive to changes in soil moisture percentage also require pile
foundation. In addition, for the construction work on the sand as jetties and piers of
the bridge also require pile foundation
There are various types, shapes, sizes and materials used for pile foundation and
the selection is dependent on the specific situation.
4.1.2 The Factor using Pilling
Use the pile as one important element in the construction of a
structure has been started in the history of civil engineering in the world. The
pile is used as a supporter and tools for transferring the load from the
structure to the ground. Use the pile is caused by:
1. The existence of the bearing layer is not obtained. The ground
beneath the structure does not function properly or in other words
not able to bear the burden caused by these structures when
used shallow foundations.
2. The compressibility of the soil which causes sediment great when
used shallow foundations.
3. The distribution of land under the land surface is not uniform.
4. For the purpose of preventing the action of the thrust of the
subsurface such as hydrostatic action.
5. To obtain a strong strata in the work - excavation.

4.1.3

Selection and Design Criteria pile.

Selection and design of pile system must fulfill the following:

1. Has the appropriate factor of safety against failure of the pile
and soil structure that supports the pile system.
2. The amount of sediment deposition and the difference is not
great so it should not affect the state of the service structure.
3. The resistance of pile and soil conditions for certain.
12

4. Security and stability as well as living structures near the

service must be maintained.
However, there are three major factors in the design and selection of the
appropriate pile, namely:

Underground conditions.
Location of construction
Type of structure.
Durability pile.

4.1.3 Condition of underground.

As is known, the selection of the type of pile foundation system depends to
lewd underground conditions. Use a pile for underground conditions is
divided into 4 sections:

The land above ground strata.

Land on the ground in hard clay or granular soil.
Clay hard or clay compressibility.
Land on the rock hard ground.

4.1.3 Durability pile.

Steel piles have a long life expectancy resistance in most soil if the pile is
located in undisturbed soil. Part steel pile should be protected from exposure
to seawater, brackish water or ground disturbance of chemical reactions.
Wood pile is easy to rot, especially above the ground water level. To cast pile
there, he could not resist something that is aggressive because of the
difficulty to predict and detect congestion poured concrete it is quite
compressed or not. Thus, this type of pile can be given by placing concrete
in the 'permanent linings' gauge steel coated with plastic or lightweight.
Concrete piles are the most popular. Pile length can reach up to 20 m. The
pile is made of concrete with steel reinforcement pillars in it. This pile is
composed of two types of piles cast in situ and precast concrete. These piles
are commonly used in home construction because the house is a building
does not have a high load.
4.1.4 Type of pile.
13

There are various types of piles used in construction. Each pile must be used
according to the specifications of a plan that has been prepared by the
consultant engineer or Public Works Department [Jabatan Kerja Raya
JKR]. Among these are:

Spun Pile

.
FIGURE 4.1 : Spun Pile

Sheet Pile.

14

FIGURE 4.2 : Sheet Pile

RC Pile.

FIGURE 4.3 : Reinforcement Concrete Pile

4.1.5 Preparation for fasten Piling

15

Before work - piling run, early preparation to be done. Among these are
included the following: 1. System for determining the position and the level of the pile as
found in the working drawings. Reference marks such as stone
floors shall be outside the work area to avoid any interruption
upon him.
2. Identify the types of plants and other - other equipment used for
piling next method and manner of use. For example, heavy
knocker should be commensurate with the weight of pile used.
Whether past or diesel hammer knocker use is subject to the
scope, complexity and soil conditions. Diesel Hammer is not
suitable for limestone by the difficulty of controlling the 'hammer
drop' when needed.
3. Determine the value set for 10 pounder shot for controlling the
depth of piling when it is grown based on it as described in the
drawing or document job offers.
4. Provide data boring piling. Data - data relating to the position of
the pile, arrangement 'number of blow' it is grown, weight and
distance of the fall of the knocker and other important information
shall be drawn up.
5. Provide equipment to control the 'alignment' and the slope of the
pile that will be planted this is made up of 'plum bob' hung elbows
and 'spirit level'.
4.1.6 Equipment to fasten pile.
1. Consists of piling frame (piling frame) and hammer (hammer).
Piling frame have various sizes, depending on usage.
2. Hammer pile (piling hammer) the most simple is the hammer falls
(drop hammer). Hammer weight is between 2-4 tons and high
waterfalls will not exceed 5-6 feet.
3. When either fasten pile of wood, concrete or steel, the head of the
pile shall be sheathed with a pile cap (helmet) together - together
with a layer of wood cushion to withstand blows and pile cap
above will receive hammer is lining (dolly) consisting of iron
sheets and hardwood.

16

FIGURE 4.4 : The Equipment to fasten the pile.

4.1.7 Procedure to Set
'Set' is the distance past the pile penetration into the soil for each shot.
Usually it taken 10 shots last armpits. The aim of 'set' is taken to determine
the ability of the ultimate responsibility (ultimate bearing capacity) pile. Type
the pile to be taken 'set' is a kind of pile tips entirely alone and do not need
the kind of friction piles.
1. 'Set' is taken to put on pile graph paper and pencil placed
crosswise on a wooden straight and level, supported by two
killers.
2. Each blow on the pile pencils and rubbed switched from left to
right to 10 shots.
3. The size of the final set for each pile to be recorded either on
transparency in the unit mm for every 10 piles needed to
produce a 25mm transparency so far.
4.1.8 Procedure piling RC (Reinforcement Concrete) Pile
Each piling, it should be handled by people who are more
experienced and knowledgeable enough to avoid mistakes during cultivation
work carried out. It should also be in accordance with the regular procedure
and is set so that accidents do not happen and piling running smoothly.

17

Determine the location of piling work will be undertaken by a land

surveyor using a theodolite. The area to be implanted piles will be marked
with a steel pin placed a red mark on it so clearly visible from afar.

FIGURE 4.5 : Blue Peg and Red Peg

After marking to all locations already prepared, then piling can be
started by placing a 'piling machine' to be grown pile. Blue Peg is for 20
meter pile and Red Peg for 10 meter pile.

FIGURE 4.6 : The machine fasten the piling

18

After 'piling machine' ready to do piling, pile then lifted slowly - slowly
and then inserted into the hole 'piling machine'. Under the pile surface must
be accurate with the notation that has been done. Spirit level will be used to
measure erectness pile planted.

FIGURE 4.7 : Show 20 meter pile

Having examined the level of vertical pile, then the work - piling
started using the 'piling machine' that has a heavy load several tones (not
sure how heavy the load). Piling need to make sure the pile upright 90
degrees

FIGURE 4.7 : The machine piling stand the piling

19

After piling up and running, cutting the pile is done to facilitate future
construction work.

FIGURE 4.8 : The worker cutting the piling.

FIGURE 4.9 : After piling work was finished for one sub lot

4.2 ELEMENT AND STUCTURE OF HOUSE BUILDING

20

4.2.1 Definition
Element and structure is a foundation to build a building. Structure and
elements have long been used in the field of Civil Engineering. In ancient times,
structure and element is composed of stone, wood and clay. Element and structure
was important for building an extreme structure or simple structure. Structure is the
framework for a building. Element is a complete building structure. Bricks, cement,
plywood, asbestos and reinforcement bar was call as Elements. Even were
interesting structure element are not exposed, they are nonetheless of significance
and contribute to the character of the building.

4.2.2 Beam
Beam is one of structural element that can support the weight of a
building and can withstand the bending of the piles, vibration and motion.
Usually, the end of the beam was tied to a pole. In ancient times, the beam
made of wood. The type of wood used is terberlian wood. Beam is
something common in engineering. This is because, the beam is not only
used in the field as the construction of, but are used in the structure of
vehicles and mechanical systems and has been analyzed as the same
concept. There are several types of beams in the building:

Simply support beam - a beam can be supported which the end

are free to rotate and have no moment of resistance.

Cantilever beam - a beam that fixed by projecting only at the

end of surface such as at the ledge.

Continuous beam - extended beam that can be expending over

than two or more support.

Over hanging beam - the extending beam are beyond its

support on one of the end.

Fixed beam - a supported beam that on both ends and

restrained from the rotation.

Trussed beam - adding the cables or rods to form truss and
become a beam to support the structure for example to support
the roof trusses.

a) Ground Beam
The structure that shown above is known as ground beam. Ground
beam is a reinforcement beam for supporting walls, joists at or nearest
to the ground level, itself either resting directly upon the ground or
21

supported at both end by piers. It also can be used in a situation where

the foundation walls may not be achievable. This situation cause by the
swampy areas, loose soil, or where the low condition of the soil bearing
capacity. The ground beam is mostly used for building construction.
The both end of the beam is tied up to the column and lying between
the two columns. The erected beam are connect to the columns or
piers that taken into the soil. In domestic construction (e.g. house
construction), ground beam are selected to be construct to carry the
boundary walls or sheds that built outside on the landscape soils. It can
also be erected over the drains, sewers or other services in the ground.

FIGURE 4.10 : Show about the ground beam

Procedure to construct the Ground Beam

i.

The construction of the ground beam was started with

ii.

the erected formwork.

The formwork was placed horizontally to shape the

iii.
iv.

horizontal ground beam on the ground.

Fixed the soffit of the formwork for the ground beam.
Then, construct the formwork to the side of the ground
beam soffit formwork and placed with the struts to hold
the formwork.

22

v.

The steel reinforcement then was placed on the soffit

vi.

formwork.
A formwork was erected to the side of the formwork

vii.

and also placed the formwork with the struts.

Lastly, the procedure was ended with concreting. But
before the concrete was poured, the workers must
make sure the formwork was clean and free from the
rubbish. The supervisor will check the formwork was
straight and without any broken.

FIGURE 4.11 : The worker prepare the Form Work

23

FIGURE 4.12 : The worker tight the reinforcement bar with wire
b) Upper Beam
The upper beam is the one of the structural elements for a building. It
almost has the same function such as the ground beam and it was
constructed before the walls. It also can be define as the upper level of
foundation before forming the upper slabs (double story house). Upper
beam also functioning to support the upper level of the building until
the construction of the roof trusses (single story house).

24

FIGURE 4.13 : Show about Upper Beam

Procedure to construct upper beam:

The construction for the upper beam has the same method or
procedure as the construction of the ground beam. The
differentiation for the beam which is the beam that constructed
below the ground level and the beam that constructed upper
level between the columns.
I.
II.

Erected the formwork to support the beam.

The formwork should be placed horizontally as the

III.

same level with the ground beam.

Fixed the soffit that lying to the columns for the

IV.

formwork.
Construct the formwork for the side of the beam and

V.
VI.

placed the struts to hold the formwork.

Placed the steel reinforcement into the soffit formwork.
Erected formwork was placed to the side and also

VII.

placed with the struts for the supports.

The process of concreting will take over after the work
done of the formwork.

25

FIGURE 4.14 : Show about formwork or mould upper beam

FIGURE 4.15 : After Formwork was eliminate form Upper Beam

4.2.3 Floor Slab

26

Floor slab is one of the building structures. It is because, as it

allows us to inhabit the building. Floor slab work load building. In
addition, the floor slab serves to cover the ground or slab for multistorey building. Floor slab can be constructed in accordance with
its multi-storey building. In a multistory building, floor slab built
through the support of the upper beam and column. Floor slab can
be constructed of concrete, plywood boards, wood and iron,
depending on the characteristics of building use. In building plays,
floor slab requires strong materials to accommodate the load.

FIGURE 4.16 : The Floor Slab on Ground Level

27

FIGURE 4.17 : Floor Slab on level 1 (Semi-D Double Storey House)

Step to construct the Upper Floor Slab

I.
II.

Provide formwork to support the floor slab.

Reference should be placed as the same level with the

III.

floor.
Build formwork for the side beams and struts to hold

IV.
V.

the formwork put it.

Rating reinforcement steel into molds soffit.
Established mold is placed to the side and also placed

VI.

with struts to support.

The process will take over after the concrete work

VII.

done that formwork.

Pour the concrete into the formwork floor slab

Step to construct the Ground Floor Slab

I.

The excavator excavates the space between the

II.
III.

ground beams with same deep with ground beam.

The ground beam are replaced the formwork
The reinforcement was keep on that space

IV.

The process of concreting will take over after the

work done of the formwork.
28

FIGURE 4.18 : The operator will keep away the soil form the space
4.2.4 Column
In the field of building structure, column structure is one of the
important elements in the process of building construction. The
column same function with the human spine to support the load. In
addition, the column provides support to the upper beam, upper
floor slab and roof truss. If the building has a column that is less
strong, the building does not have a long shelf life and is easy to
collapse. Column serves to accommodate the load of the upper
beam, upper floor slab and roof truss. Column is the pillar of the
whole building.

29

FIGURE 4.19 : Column

a)

Types of columns
Columns are divided into three types as the way they

are reinforced. As the Taman Berlian project, reinforcement

concrete columns are often to be used to erect the building
structure according to drawing design.

Produces to construct the Column

I.

The reinforcement is tied together with separate smaller

II.

diameter transverse bars or known as ties/links.

Link is tied up with centre by centre with steel wire based
on specified distance according to drawing design and

III.

formed the shape of rectangular.

Concreting can be done after the reinforcement bars was
setting up.

30

FIGURE 4.20 : Prepare the form work

FIGURE 4.21 : Setting Up the Reinforcement Bar for Column

31

4.2.5 Formwork
The formwork is a temporary or permanent mould which the concrete or the
other similar materials are poured. In term for the concrete construction, the
formwork is used to support the shuttering moulds. Good formwork should
have the following requirements:

Formwork should be strong to withstand all types of load.

It should be light in weight as possible.
Formwork should be easily available and suitable to be reuse.
It should have plane surface and should be set accurately to
the desired line and level. Several types of formwork uses at
the site:-

i.

Traditional timber formwork

It usually built on the site by using the timber, plywood or moistureresistance particleboard. It is easy to produce and also the most
flexible type of formwork. The timber formwork are extensively used
where the labour cost are lower than the cost for procuring the
reusable formwork. Although the formwork are easy to produce, but
the time consuming the larger structures and plywood has facing the
relatively short of lifespan.

ii.

Timber slab formwork

The traditional slab formwork built up by the plywood or timber board
which supports out of lumber or young tree trunks.

iii.

Ceiling formwork
Ceiling formwork is the type of formwork mostly found in building
construction. It consists of sheeting boards or prefabricated sheeting
panels.

iv.

Beam formwork
Beam formwork is the prefabricated formwork sheeting parts in which
it is sheeting the bottom and side of sheeting panels. The sheeting
bottom and the side panels consist of sheeting boards and nailed
together.

v.

Column formwork
Similar to the beam formwork, column formwork is constructed at the
site as prefabricated sheeting. The sheeting panels are placed
vertically and screwed in the ground floor surface by steel bolts.
32

Removal period of formwork

Concrete must be fully hardened to bear its load before formwork is able to
be removed. Formwork should be removed part by part to sustain its
workability and strength depending on concrete hardening period. Time
period for removing formwork according to its particular parts are as follows:-

No.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Parts of formwork
Vertical sides of beams, columns and walls
Edge sides of beams, columns and walls
Ground beams and slabs (left under)
Formwork soffits

Time period
1 2 days
2 6 days
7 14 days
28 days

Table 4.1 : Show the period to remove the formwork

4.3 DRAINAGE
Drainage system has existed centuries ago. In Civil Engineering, drainage is
important to them. Drainage system is very important in the construction sector. This
is because the drainage system used to remove water from a surface. In Highway
Engineering, drainage system is very useful as to avoid too wet road surfaces cause
tires to fail to get friction. Drainage system occurs in two forms, namely Culvert, Inlet and Drain. In addition, drainage system is useful to prevent the occurrence of the
phenomenon of flooding. Good drainage system to avoid flooding and water flows
more smoothly into the sea or estuary.
4.3.1 Drain
Drain very important in building construction sector. This is because the
trench was built to prevent water retention in the soil surface. In Taman Berlian,
trenches used to prevent water reservoir after the rain. Water reservoir can soften
the soil conditions. In addition, the water reservoir will disturb the soil as soil
excavation work will be muddy. Drainage system must be regularly maintained to
avoid floods on construction sites. Usually after site clearing, construction site
drainage system will be made first. Before the construction of buildings or sites the
33

way, they will make the drainage work first. This is because to avoid drainage
system in the area of planning is not disrupted.

Procedure construct Drain

I.
Operators will begin excavating the ground by plan provided
II.
Drain will be excavated to a depth of 1 meter and 1 meter
III.
IV.

wide
Dug Drain must be connected to the main drain
After dredging was completed, workers will plant peg along

V.
VI.

the trench
Supervisor will make leveling work to ensure trenches 1 meter
Supervisor will benchmark level on the peg

FIGURE 4.22 : Show the excavator excavated the drain

4.3.2 Culvert
In the world of civil engineering, culverts are closely related to Highway Engineering.
Culvert otherwise known as "pembentong" in the term Bahasa Malaysia. The
culverts one branch in the drainage system. In the drainage system, there are
several types of items used to throw water drains, culverts and Inlet. Culvert was
same function with drain. However, this culvert planted in the ground and not opens
like a moat. Such as large culvert pipe to remove water. Usual culverts installed to
connect the drain crossing the road or under the buildings or across the river.

Type Of Culvert
1. Pipe Culvert
2. Box Culvert
3. Arch Culvert
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4. Slab Culvert
During my training in industry, I only see and Box Culvert and Pipe culvert.
The culvert was plant across the road. In addition, culverts were installed to connect
the trenches at a crossroads. Besides that, the culverts plug the drain to connect the
main drain with across the roundabout. In this company, they usually use a culvert
diameter = 1 meter or 0.5 meters long and all culverts are the same which 1
meter. 1 meter diameter culvert usually mounted on a road that crossed the big
drain. Box culvert usually mounted on the main road junction near the ditch there
because larger and rectangular.

I.

Procedure to Install the Culvert

The operator will excavate the hole like the drain by use the

II.
III.

excavator.
The hole will excavate until both of drain was connected
The supervisor will measure the hole to know how much culvert

IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.

need to install
The worker will brought culvert from the store
The operator keep up the culvert and then put it on the hall
All the culvert need to connect with each other to prevent leaks
All the culvert will cover by convers
The soil will keep on the hole to cover the culvert

FIGURE 4.23 : The excavator keep back the soil into the hole
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FIGURE 4.24 : Final step of installation culvert

4.4 LEVELING
4.4.1 Definition
Leveling work is very important in building construction work. The majority of
its construction companies use geometry in the construction process. Leveling
method has been used for centuries in Civil Engineering through the use of EDM,
Theodolite auto level or water level. In addition, the method of leveling work to give
us that the earth is not flat even surface using visible even to the naked eye. The
aim is to distinguish leveling a ground level. In the process of construction of the
building, leveling method is used to distinguish ground level, adjust the level ground
with TBM, distinguishing level house base with roads base and drains, floor drains
and differentiate with road site. Leveling work is used in the process of cut and fill,
as measured by the Surveyor.

36

4.4.2 Concept of Leveling

The general terms applied to any of various processes by which elevations
of the points of difference in elevation are determined. The leveling methods are
used to measure the different in height (H) between the two point A and B, vertical
rods are set up at each of these two point and a level somewhere between them.
The height difference between A and B is difference between the rod (staff)
readings. The concept is, once the elevations of a point is determined that point can
be used for determining the elevations of other point.
4.4.3 Leveling Work
When I undergo industrial training, I have been teaching by using the
leveling tool water level. Leveling Work is usually done after the site clearing. The
aim is to adjust the leveling of land with TBM level or according to the size of the
plan. In addition, the leveling is used to distinguish the level of building bases, drain
and road bases. This is because the level of the home, drain the site cannot be the
same level. This is because to avoid flash floods. Floor drains must be deeper than
tread the streets and houses.

Procedure of Levelling Works

I.
Planting the temporary on every point that you'd got readings
II.
Setting Up the Auto-Level
i.
Set up the Tripod
ii.
Make sure head Tripod are flat
iii.
Put auto level on a tripod
iv.
Adjust the auto-level to get into an air bubble into the

III.
IV.

circle
v.
The auto level ready to use
The worker will put the staff near the peg
The auto-level shoot into staff to get the reading

TBM - (10.00, 10.50, 9.5)

Example
of Calculation
Floor Plan
- (8.0, 7.5,after
7.2,get
7.4,reading:
7.0, 6.5, 6.2, 6.0)
TBM + Reading Taken - Level in Plan
9.5 + 2.5 - 7.5 = 6.0
This means, we need to take a 37
reading of 6.0.

CALCULATION 4.1 : Calculation for leveling for

FIGURE 4.24 : Supervisor taken reading by Auto Level

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FIGURE 4.25 : Justine planting the point

FIGURE 4.26 : Marking the Level of Plan

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FIGURE 4.27 : Transfer TBM to the site

4.5 CHECKER

Checker is a work receiving the goods delivered to the construction site. This job to
ensure that the goods until sufficient quantities. There are two items that are sent
and received by reviewers. The materials are sent a responsibility to checker. Any
deficiency will be borne by the checker.

4.5.1

Rock
This stone is used to make the site the way. This stone was
bought from Sub-Contractor. Sub-Con sends the stone to the
construction site by lorry itself. The rock type is SYNITE.

40

FIGURE 4.28 : SYNITE

Procedure
I.
Lorry send the rock to the site
II.
Rock will be keep to the stock pile
III.
Checker will cop a signature on receipt

FIGURE 4.29 : The Receipt

4.5.2

Soil

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The soil sent to INTAN. The soil to create the open space in
front of shop in INTAN

Procedure
IV.
Lorry send the soil to the site
V.
The soil will be keep to open space
VI.
Checker will cop a signature on receipt

FIGURE 4.30 : INTANs Site

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FIGURE 4.31 : The Operator embankment the soil to the open space

FIGURE 4.32 : Receipt for The Soil

43

FIGURE 4.33 : Permission Letter from Land Surveyor

FIGURE 4.34 : The lorry inject the soil behind the open space

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4.6 SUB-BASE OF ROAD

4.6.1 Introduction
In civil engineering, road construction work is part of Highway
Engineering. This facilitates the transfer of goods. Road construction has
been done from time immemorial. Road construction has been done with a
variety of current technology it. How roads are built with layers, from the
bottom of the sub-grade, sub-base, road base and pavement. In the process
of construction of roads, sub base is very important in structuring the road,
Sub base is the main assistant to support load on the road. Without sub
base, the highway will be easily damaged and roads will not flat. The
important highway for connecting other areas with other areas.

Procedure Sub Base construction

I.
Operator will excavate to a depth of 0.4 meters using
II.

excavator
Leveling work carried out to ensure compliance with the
street-level on the plan
i.
Peg planted along the roads that have been dug
ii.
Workers will get a reading on staff using auto level
iii.
Peg will be marked in accordance with sub-base

III.

thickness required (usually; 0.5 or 0.4 meters)

The stone stored on the stock pile will be sent to reclaimed for

IV.
V.

use as sub base

The stone will be flattened using excavators
steps will be repeated until all the way ready to reclaimed

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FIGURE 4.35 : Leveling work

FIGURE 4.36 : The worker stand the staff on the peg to get a reading

46

FIGURE 4.37 : Operator using the excavator to flatten the surface of the Sub-Base

FIGURE 4.38 : During proses construct of Sub Base

4.7 ESTIMATING & PROGRESSION
4.7.1 Definition of Estimating
47

Estimating can be considered as a financial planning in doing construction

work. Estimating is very important in modern construction work. Usually,
estimating work done before. It's how to estimate the costs necessary to
make a big project. Normally estimating work done by Quantity Surveyors.
Besides that, it can make it easier for customers to know how much it costs
necessary to carry out construction work. Moreover, it can avoid over
spending money in attempting to work. In addition, it facilitates the work of
architects to design a building with the goods needed in construction work
someday.
For the example :

(M)

(Num.)

Total

Table 4.1 : Show of estimating work

48

95%(TT)
95% of (price) X (Total)

Perimeter of Sub-Lot

Rear

The price are provided

Name of Sub-Lot

Rear

Number of rear house

Surround

Length of rear house

Sub-Lot

FIGURE 4.39 : Estimating Work

FIGURE 4.40 : Marking to classify the house

49

FIGURE 4.41 : Marking the sub-lot

FIGURE 4.42 : Marking the boundary of sub-lot

50

FIGURE 4.43 : Estimating work are always referred to the plan

4.7.2 Definition of Progressions

Progression to assess the extent of the construction works are progressing
well. In addition, the progression is to find a problem that occurs in the
construction work. The progression work usually done during construction
works. Work is always ongoing progression depends on how often
companies want to know the project. The engineers will go to construction
sites, get data on how much progress has occurred in the construction
work. The data obtained through vision or measure of a building structure.
4.8 Excavator
In construction work, there is a variety of machinery used as Bulldozer, excavators
Machinery, Vibratory Roller, Backhoe Loader, and so on. During the construction
process, the excavator is useful because this machine is used in a variety of jobs.
Excavators used for site clearing, building drainage system and soil excavation
work.

4,9.1 Step to use the excavator

51

1. Two pedal for forward and rear excavator

2. Right button
I.
Lifting and lowering the arm
II.
Opening and closing Baked

3. left button
I.
Lengthening and shortening the arm
II.
Turning the excavators are 360

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CHAPTER 5 : FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 FINDINGS
Throughout the 20th weeks of attachment in the industry for Industry Training,
it has exposed the real working environment compared to the theoretical that we
learned in Polytechnic. Student is able to try their hands on based on the theory
being taught in the campus.
During the middle of the semester, students undergoing Industry Training
was shocked by the news of the "Report and Presentation must use English". It,
therefore, provides a sense of panic to students who have started to write the report
in the Malay language. The majority of its students have to write a reflection journal
Malay language they use. It will burden them convert their sentences into English.
Malay grammars with English grammar are quite different. This will give effect to the
lecturers to evaluate the final report Industry Training students.
Problems that occur in the Industry, the industry gave assignments are fixed.
For example, during the 20th week, the students just do the same task. This will give
you a sense of bored students who undergo industrial training. This will cause fewer
students get objective of the training industry. Students will have less exposure in
industrial training. This will cause the students lack the knowledge to be expressed
in the final report.

5.2 RECOMMENDATION
53

Some terms used by employees while teaching the students may not be the

same in terms of the theory. Polytechnics need to give space to students that not
good in English in using the English language to present experiences during training
industry. Perhaps, polytechnics should facilitate students to present their
experiences in the presentation. During that time, students must write a final report
in English. This simplifies the lecturer know, how far students understand what he
experienced in the training industry. It also helps students to appoint of
understanding him in the work he is going in the training industry.
Students who undergo industrial training is not the same capabilities with the
ability of ordinary workers. Students who undergo industrial training, they want to
experience what about his career or work they will do in the courses they take in
polytechnics. UPLI should provide recommendations to the firm or company that
provides industrial training to students planning activities necessary to prepare to
launch student activities during the training industry. It will reduce student
experiencing the same things as long as 20 weeks. This will provide many benefits
to students who undergo industrial training. It will give a lot of exposure to the
students during their industrial training.
A good preparation must be made by the student their self who will undergo
industrial training before they step out from campus. The preparation is not only on
the equipment or stationary but mentally and physically is also very important so that
student is ready to enter the working zone, the changing of the environment around
them. This is a must for student so that this situation will not affect student mentally
making them easily to give up and moan during the training.

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CHAPTER 6 : CONCLUSION

Industrial Training is a program to give time for Polytechnic students

experience real working conditions and a new experience for students to prepare
themselves for their future careers. Through the Industrial Training, I conclude that
the training industry is very important to students and give a good impression in the
preparation of semi-professional workforce for the future. Industrial training can
provide students more willing to suffer through the work environment, both mentally
and physically students in the future. In addition, industrial training can improve the
quality of a student after a roll of certificate and diploma awarded.
Through industrial training, students will increase the quality of interactions
with the public. This is because, this exercise can increase the value of collaboration
within an individual. Training can reveal more new things for students although the
matter is not taught in the classroom. In addition, exercise can help train more
mature polytechnic students to solve problems. Through training, the students will
be more disciplined when doing assignments given and the student will be
responsible for performing a task.
`

REFERENCE
1. www.google/image.com.
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2. Laporan Akhir Latihan Industri Rizal Shah (Diploma Teknologi Pembuatan)

http://www.slideshare.net/rizalshah94/contoh-laporan-latakhir
3. Highway Engineering Note CC304
4. The History of Engineering Survey (written by: Edward Kumar) (1982) Hall
m.s 131, 171)
5. Nota Estimating , Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia (UiTM)

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