Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
What is biology?
Branches in biology
Brief history of life
Biology
Biology is a branch of science which deals with the study of living
organism.
The word Biology comes from Greek elements; Bio = life, logy = study
Living organism, and consequently the study of biology, have to deal with
abiotic as well as biotic components of the world.
Taking small sample sizes often results in errors in the estimate of the
entire population
The larger the sample size, the more reliable the results
Units of Measurement
Metric units of measurement
The Diversity of Organisms
1.75 million species exist on earth
The study of classification = taxonomy; carried out by taxonomist
The method of Linneaus is called the binomial nomenclature system
because a combination of two names, genus and species, uniquely
identifies each organism
The specific species name usually describes something about the
organism
Both genus and species are italicized; genus capitalized, species
lowercase
The Linnaean Classification System; A binomial scheme
Kingdom
Animalia
Plantae
Phylum
Chordata
Anthophyta
Subphylum
Vertebrata
Class
Mammalia
Dicotyledones
Order
Primates
Fagales
Family
Hominidae
Fagaceae
Genus
Homo
Quercus
Species
sapiens
alba
Evolution
Evolutionary perspectives are seen in every area of specialization in
biology
Structure
Function
Behaviour
Evolution is the single most important and unifying concept in all of biology
Charles Darwin
Wrote On the origin of species by means of natural selection
1859
Synthesized observations about geology, living & dead
organisms
Presented large amount of data that indicates that current
organisms arose from previous generations, with modification
Alfred Wallace independently formally recognized evolutionary
processes.
Natural Selection
Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution. Natural selection works because
Individuals of a species vary
Organism are fecund (ie; they produce many more progeny than will
survive to reproduce)