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Rev AB
Rev. 1
EMPRESA ELCTRICA
ANGAMOS THERMOELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Operation and Maintenance Manual
Section E
Volume 7
Electrical Transformers
Main, Station and Unit Auxiliary
Page 1 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
Table of Contents
1
FUNCTION ................................................................................................ 4
1.1
1.2
1.3
Station Transformers........................................................................ 4
1.4
2.1
REFERENCES ................................................................................... 6
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
SYSTEM OPERATION............................................................................ 20
3.1
3.2
3.3
Rev AB
Rev. 1
3.4
3.5
3.6
ALARMS .......................................................................................... 21
3.7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
Page 3 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
FUNCTION
1.1
The Main Unit Transformers, 1 and 2 are rated 50 Hz, 231/18 kV, 180/240/320 MVA
ONAN/ONAF1/ONAF2, ZH-L=12.5% at 300MVA
1.2
The Unit Auxiliary Transformers, 1 and 2 are rated 50 Hz, 18/6.9 kV, 34/40 MVA ONAN /ONAF,
ZH-L=12.5% at 40MVA
1.3
Station Transformers
The Station Transformers, 1 and 2 are rated 50 Hz, 18/6.9 kV, 33/44 MVA ONAN /ONAF, ZHL=15.5% at 44MVA
1.4
O Mineral oil
N Natural convection flow
A Air
N Natural convection
1.4.1
First Letter
Page 4 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
Second Letter
1.4.3
Third Letter
1.4.4
Fourth Letter
Page 5 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
2.1
REFERENCES
Main Unit Transformers, Unit Auxiliaries Transformers and Start up Transformer. Refer to
Maintenance Procedure Manuals (HHIS-WZ-TE-100 (07) (HHIS-WZ-TE-200 (07) and (HHISWZ-TE-300 (07)
2.1.1
P& IDs
0-WD700-EE150-00003
0-WD700-EE150-00001
0-WD700-EE150-00102
0-WD700-EE150-00107.
2.2
Maintenance and repair work shall be performed exactly and on schedule to ensure constant
readiness and reliability of the product.
Authorization must be obtained from the person in charge prior to commencing maintenance
and repair work and switching off parts of the electronic system required for this.
Prior to working on assemblies, the power supply of the appropriate areas must be switched off
and secured against unauthorized switching on.
Any measures requiring power supply are expressly defined as such at the appropriate place in
the manual.
Maintenance and repair work shall be performed in accordance with the instructions in the
manual by authorized personnel.
Suitable tools, special tools if necessary, shall be used for maintenance and repair work.
Genuine spare parts only may be used to replace defective components or assemblies. The
manufacturer accepts no liability whatsoever for damage caused by using other spare parts.
The manufacturers warranty shall also be voided in such cases.
The manufacturer shall not be held liable if unauthorized changes or modifications are made to
the product and the warranty shall be voided.
Spare parts shall be stored properly prior to replacement, i.e. particularly protected against the
ingress of moisture. Defective electronic components and assemblies must be suitably packed
when despatched for repair, i.e. particularly protected against the ingress of moisture and
impact and wrapped in antistatic foil if necessary.
Inform the manufacturers service department or its representative in case of damage which
cannot be rectified by plant personnel.
On completion of maintenance and repair work, ensure that no superfluous parts (tools etc.)
remain inside the device or system.
Page 6 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
On completion of repair work, the device or system must be subjected to appropriate checks to
verify functionality. Separate testing of the repaired component without system integration is
inadequate.
2.3
TRANSFORMER DESCRIPTIONS
2.3.1
Are 3 phase oil insulated transformer, cooling type ONAN/ONAF/ONAF with a rated power
180/240/320 MVA. Voltages at full load with tap changer in nominal position is 231/18 kV.
Connection is Ynd1. Neutral of H.V. windings is solidly grounded. No load tap changer will have
5 step with 2.5% each.
2.3.2
Are 3 phase oil insulated transformer, with two secondary coils, cooling type ONAN/ONAF with
a rated power 40MVA. Voltages at center tap in nominal position is 18/6,9/6,9 kV. Connection
is Dyn11yn11. On load tap changer has 8 step with 1,25% each.
2.3.3
A 3 phase oil insulated transformer, cooling type ONAN/ONAF with a rated power 23/30
33/44MVA. Voltages at full load with tap changer in nominal position are 220/6,9 kV.
Connection shall be Ynyn0 (d1). On load tap changer has 8 step with 1,25% each. The
neutral of H.V. windings have a grounded resistor.
Page 7 of 26
Page 8 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
Rev AB
Rev. 1
2.4
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
2.4.1
Unit Transformer
UNIT
DATA
Number of transformers
Manufacturer
HYUNDAI
Yes
ONAN/ONAF1 /ONAF2
MVA
180/240/320
yes/no
Type of cooling
Rated power (cont. duty) O: Lki - ONAFI/OFAF2
Rated frequency
Hz
50
kV
231 / 18
H.V
--
YNdI
12.5%@300MVA
dB (A)
88
kV
(peak)
1050
kV
460
kV
(peak)
125
kV
50
f%
2.5 * 2
VA
15
- Accuracy class
--
CL 3.0
- Number of cores
--
I (H2 only)
- Number of steps
- Voltage range total
Current transformers on the H.V. bushings
- Rated output
- Ratio
1000/2A(For WTI)
Page 9 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
15
- Accuracy class
--
CL 3.0
- Number of cores
--
1 (X2 only)
- Rated output
- Ratio
1200/2A(For WTI)
VA
- Accuracy class
--
5P20
- Number of cores
--
Connection on HV side
--
Star
--
Delta
50
--
Solidly grounded
kW
165
kW
196
kW
235
kW
800(300MVA)
Loss
No load losses at rated frequency ;
kW
mm
I0760x7300x6912
Gross weight
Approx. 264
Transport weight
Approx. 181
Oil weight
Approx. 56.52
IEC 60076
Tests to be applied
IEC 60076
Type test as per IEC
60076
KKS No.
34BATOI
Page 10 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
UNIT
DATA
Number of transformers
--
Manufacturer
--
HYUNDAI
--
Yes
--
ONAN/ONAF
MVA
34 / 40
yes/no
Type of cooling
Rated power (cont. duty) ONAN / ONAF
(17/20:17/20)
Rated frequency
Hz
kV
H.V./L.V, side
50
18/6.9/6.9
H.V
Dynl lynI 1
12.5% @ 40MVA
HV-LV2
12.5% ~t 40MVA
LV1-LV2
25% @ 40MVA
dB (A)
75
kV
(peak)
125
kV
50
kV
(peak)
75
kV
28
f%
1.25*8
VA
- Rated Output
50 / 30 / 15
- Accuracy class
--
5P20 / CLO.5 I
CL3.0
- Number of cores
--
3 / I / I(H2 only)
Page 11 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
- Ratio
1600-1200/5A
1600-1200/5A
2000/2A (For WTI)
(L.V1 /L.V2)
- Rated output
VA
15
- Accuracy class
--
CL3.0
- Number of cores
--
- Ratio
--
(L.VIN / L.V2N)
- Rated output
VA
50
- Accuracy class
--
5P20
- Number of cores
--
XO : 2ea, YO : 2ca
- Ratio
--
1200/5A
--
Delta
Star
Loss
No load losses at rated frequency
kW
30
kW
36
kW
45
kW
205
kW
2
Maximum dimensions:
Length x width x height
mm
Page 12 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
Gross weight
69.87
Transport weight
46
Oil weight
15.57
IEC 60076
Tests to be applied
KKS No.
2.4.3
34BBT01
START-UP TRANSFORMER
UNIT
DATA
Number of transformers
HYUNDAI
Manufacturer
3-phase and oil transformer
Yes
yes/no
ONAN/ONAF
Type of cooling
MVA
33 / 44
(16.5/22: 16.5/22)
Rated frequency
Hz
50
kV
voltage
(tap
YNyn0yn0(d1)
changer in nominal
HV-LV I
%
15.5% @ 44MVA
15.5% 44MVA
31%@44MVA
dB (A)
79
kV (peak)
1050
kV
460
kV (peak)
75
kV
28
HV-LV2
LVI-LV2 Max.
noise level at a distance of 0.3 m according to IEC
551
Impulse withstand voltage H.V. side
Power frequency withstand voltage H.V. side
Impulse withstand voltage L.V. side
Power frequency withstand voltage L.V. side
On-load tap changer:
Page 13 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
1.25 * 8
VA
15
CL 3.0
- Number of cores
- Rated output
VA
- Accuracy class
5P20
- Number of cores
VA
- Ratio
1
1600-1200-800/5A
(L.VI / L.V2)
- Rated output
15
50
CL3.
Ratio
(L.VIN / L.V2N)
- Rated output
50
- Accuracy class
5P20
- Number of cores
--
- Ratio
X0 : lea, YO : lea
1200/5A
VA
N/A
- Accuracy class
--
N/A
__
N/A
- Number of cores
Page 14 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
- Ratio
--
N/A
--
Star
--
Star
--
Resistor
grounded
Loss
No load losses at rated frequency ;
kW
44
kW
52
kW
63
kW
240
kW
Main dimensions:
Length x width x height (excluding N.G.R)
mm
7640x5992x6054
Gross weight
105
Transport weight
79.5
Oil weight
35.55
IEC 60076
Tests to be applied
Routine
per
test
as
IEC 60076
Type test as per
IEC
60076
KKS No.
--
Page 15 of 26
34BCT01
Rev AB
Rev. 1
--
Relay type
--
2
TAPCON 230
TR rated volt/
(85-140V)
Tr rated current /
Hz
0.2/ l l5 A
40-60
Measuring error
Min
<0.3
Delay time T1
0-1805, Linear or
inverse response
selectable.
% Un
101 - 130
% Un
70-99
% In
50 - 210
115 V ac
(+25%- 35%)
Voltage Drop Compensation
Special requirement:
1Un
0-15%
Yes/No
Yes
Switchgear room
Applicable Codes and Standards
Tests to be applied
2.5
2.5.1
Two temperature indicators are provided to monitor the winding temperature and one for the oil
temperature. They are of the fluid expansion type and the sensitive bulbs are immersed in oilfilled pockets on the tank cover. Both instruments are situated in the transformer cooling control
panel and each is calibrated 0-150C respectively and fitted with a maximum pointer.
The winding temperature indicator is arranged to record the hottest spot in the winding by
having a heater coil on the instrument bellows supplied from a current transformer inside the
Page 16 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
transformer tank. The resistor shunting the heater coil is preset so that the heater coil increases
the instrument reading above the top oil temperature by an amount equal to the winding
gradient plus 10%. The reading is the winding hot-spot temperature.
The winding temperature indicator has three switches, one for normal alarm, one for urgent
alarm and the other for cooler control. (the cooler control switch is not currently utilised.)
The oil temperature indicator is fitted with two switches for connection in the alarm circuits.
2.5.2
Pressure relief valves are fitted on each transformer, two on the main tank and one on the
diverter switch tank. These perform similar duty to the explosion vents found on older style
equipment. The pressure relief device is essentially a spring-loaded valve having a unique
means of providing instantaneous amplification of actuation force. They are valves of large
bore, high volume which lift cleanly and rapidly when set pressure is reached, and close tight
when pressure is relieved.
Each valve is fitted with a bright colour coded mechanical indicator pin in the valve cover.
Although the pin is not fastened to the valve disc, it moves with it during operation and remains
protruding from the valve cover after the valve has re-seated. The pins are clearly visible from
ground level indicating that the relief valve has operated. The pin may be reset manually by
pushing it back in until it rests on the valve disc. Both valves on the main tank are connected
directly to unit trip circuits.
The valve on the diverter tank is connected to a flagged repeat relay in the control cubicle. The
repeat relay is connected to unit trip circuits and to an alarm.
2.5.3
Buchholz Relays
2.5.4
Rev AB
Rev. 1
Transformer Protection
Protection circuits are divided into two groups - Protection A and Protection B.
The Transformer protections are incorporated into the Generator Protection System and
consists of a fully duplicated integrated system employing Siemens numerical protection relays.
The Siemens relays and other hardware are contained in cubicles within the control room
complex.
The A and B protection schemes are essentially identical, both in the type of equipment used
and functions provided. Unless otherwise specified, descriptions of the protection system will
apply to both A and B protection.
The functions provided by the generator protection system fall into two categories. The first are
systems intended to sense the onset of operating conditions that could damage the plant. The
second are systems intended to limit damage once insulation failure has occurred. The former
category includes overfluxing, overcurrent, field failure, and negative phase sequence. The
latter includes earth fault, interturn, Buchholz, instantaneous overcurrent, differential, local
backup, Qualitrol pressure relief.
2.5.5
The Unit Auxiliaries Transformer differential and high voltage overcurrent are two separate
protection schemes but are incorporated into the same relay unit.
An electrical fault on the 18 kV side of the unit auxiliaries transformers has a high current
magnitude and requires an immediate trip of the unit in order to limit the damage to the
transformers. These are phase to phase faults and earth faults on the windings, interturn faults,
core faults due to lamination insulation failure, failure of the cooling system and tank faults
causing loss of oil and dangerous conditions. A fault, external to the transformers, if not cleared
quickly, will cause overheating and mechanical stress.
The Unit Auxiliary Transformer differential protection and HV Over-Current protection relays
acquire their inputs from current transformers located at both transformers HV 18kV
connections and current transformers on the incoming cables to the respective 6.9 kV Unit
Auxiliaries Switchgear
The relay pickup level for the high voltage over current (HV O/C) is set above that of the
downstream or low voltage over current (LV O/C) protection on the 6.9 kV side of the
transformer. This is to provide discrimination for downstream faults (LV O/C) that could occur at
the 6.9kV unit auxiliaries switchgear.
Each phase is compared with the limit value and relay pick up is indicated for each phase when
this value is exceeded. This starts the phase dedicated timer and after the appropriate time has
elapsed, a trip signal is initiated.
The protection relay contains two stages, a definite time stage and a high set stage. The HV
overcurrent protection definite time setting is set at 0.65 seconds and the high set setting is
instantaneous.
Page 18 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
Similar differential protection and high voltage Overcurrent protection is supplied for both the
Unit and Station Transformers.
Page 19 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
SYSTEM OPERATION
3.1
The Main Unit Transformers are used to increase the generated voltage to the transmission
voltage for the export of power to the grid. The Start up or Station Transformer, supplies the
station and the unit auxiliaries from the grid when the turbogenerator is out of service or
returning to service. The Unit Auxiliaries Transformer supplies the Units auxiliary power when
the generator is in service.
3.2
OPERATIONAL OUTLINE
The three transformers normally operate continuously in service. If they are being returned to
service following an outage they must be done so by using specifically designed switching
instructions approved by the stations chief electrical engineer.
In service transformers should be inspected twice a day paying particular attention to the
following points suggested in the normal operation checks.
3.3
ITEMS
1
Oil level .
Noise
Loose connections
Oil leakage
Dehydrating breather
Cooling equipment
Rev AB
Rev. 1
Bushing
3.4
Instrument
SYSTEM START UP
The transformers normally operate continuously in service. If they are being returned to service
following an outage, the only checks necessary are to ensure that there are no uncleared alarm
conditions. This presumes that maintenance guidelines for restoration have all been performed.
These would include, but not be limited to:
a. Buchholz relay clear of gas and reset
a. dissolved gas and water content of oil satisfactory
b. oil level in conservator satisfactory
c.
3.5
Unless the transformer trips with a fault and the protection shuts the system down, the
transformers should only be taken out of service following specifically designed switching
instructions approved by the stations chief electrical engineer.
Refer to Operation Procedures for more detailed information.
3.6
ALARMS
Name of
Pre-set values
protective accessories
Alarm
Trip
Buchholz relay
95'C
105 C
110C
120C
Page 21 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
0.7Kg/cm`
0.7Kg/cm
The pre-set values may be changed according to the applied accessories and the site
conditions.
3.7
EMERGENCY MEASURES
Abnormal condition
Gas accumulation,
Buchholz relay 1st stage
Cause
Internal discharge (Light
fault)
Action
Extracting the gas in
the Buchholz relay
Diagnosis
Gas analysis
Electrical test
(insulation resistance,
winding resistance,
voltage ratio, exciting
current.) Gas analysis
Trip transformer
Pressure relief
Internal discharge
Trip transformer
Ditto
Differential
Internal discharge
Trip transformer
Ditto
Reduce transformer
load
Oil surge,
Buchholz relay 2nd stage
Inrush current
Oil temperature high
st
1 stage-Alarm
Overload
Cooler trouble
2nd stage-Trip
Winding temperature high
1st stage Alarm
operation
Overload
Ditto
Ditto
Trip transformer
Fill oil
Cooler trouble
Oil leak
Page 22 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
Disconnect voltage
supply
Switching to energise these transformers must be carried out with step by step switching
instructions which have been approved by the stations chief electrical engineer.
The following valves must be closed and remain closed before and when the transformer is
energised:Oil drain and lower filtering valve
Upper filtering valve
Oil drain valve for main conservator
Oil drain valve for HV bushing chamber
Oil drain valve for radiator bank
Oil sampling valve
Isolating valve for radiator
Isolating valve for radiator bank
Isolating valve for main conservator
Isolating valve for HV bushing chamber
Isolating valve for each phase of HV bushing chamber
Oil filling & vacuum valve for HV bushing chamber
Air release plug for radiator
Air release plug for radiator bank
Oil drain plug for radiator
Vacuum valve for main conservator
Page 23 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
MW
Megawatt
ONAN
MVAR
ONAF
MVA
OFAF
ON
Oil natural
WTI
OF
Oil forced
OTI
HV
High Voltage
LV
Low voltage
AC
ALTERNATING CURRENT
MCC
ACB
MP
METERING PANEL
AL
MV
MEDIUM VOLTAGE
ATS
MVR
APR
NC
NORMALLY CLOSED
AVR
NLTC
AX
NO
NORMALLY OPEN
BCT
OLTC
CCR
PDB
DC
DIRECT CURRENT
PF
POWER FACTOR
DCS
PT
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
DGU
RTD
RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE
DETECTOR
DR
DISCHARGE RESISTOR
SHT
EOCR
SPP
GCB
ST
STEAM TURBINE
GIS
STG
GPR
SWGR
SWITCHGEAR
Page 24 of 26
Rev AB
Rev. 1
GT
GAS TURBINE
STS
GTG
SYN
SYNCHRONIZING
HSBT
HIGHT SPEED
ISOLATED
IPB
TCS
LDC
UPS
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER
SUPPLY
LED
UVT
MCB
VCB
VCS
BUS
TRANSFER TC
Page 25 of 26
THERMOCOUPLE
Rev AB
Rev. 1
All Transformers
The transformer insulation will be deteriorated over a period of time even if the transformer has
not been subjected to any accidental fault. The life of transformer is considered the same as the
life of insulating material in the transformer tank. The Maintenance Procedure Manuals
0-WD710-EE158-20055 & 0-WD710-EE158-20115 tell what inspection
methods should be taken in order to prevent a premature insulation to break down.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
Page 26 of 26