Arellano, Mark Adrian P.

Sept. 10, 2012

2nd yr. B-227 (BSA)
Management

Theorist
Frederick W. Taylor

Theory
Traditional Theory

Abraham W. Maslow

The Hierarchy of Needs

David McClellana

Affiliation Theory

Frederick Herzberg,
Bernard Mausner, and
Barbara Syndeman

Motivation
Maintenance Theory

McGregor

Theory X & Y

David McClelland

Achievement Theory

Explanation
A theory based on the
assumption that money
is the primary motivator
Human needs in the
form of a hierarchy
should be satisfied in
order, from the lowest to
the highest needs.
This theory holds that all
people have three
needs:
1. A need to achieve
2. A need for power
3. A need for
affiliation
The theory contends that
motivation comes from
the individual, not from
the manager.
McGregor categorizes
the assumptions upon
which traditional
organizations are based
into theory X and the
assumptions consisted
with the modern
organizations and
current research
literature into theory y.
According to this theory,
an individuals ambition
to do things better or
achieve something is

Barnard-Simons

Theory of Equilibrium

Victor Vroom

Preference Expectancy
Theory

B.F. Skinner

Reinforcement Theory

Chris Argyrie

Maturity Theory

due to a very specific

motive or need.
This theory states that
the inducements
provided by the
organization must be
kept in equilibrium with
the contributions made
by the employees.
This theory is based on
the premise that an
individual assigns values
to the outcome of each
alternative course of
action
The ff are the
components of
motivated behavior
1. Stimulus: the
environmental
setting in which
behavior occurs.
2. Response: The
behavior itself
3. Reinforcement:
The reward given
for good
performance only
Chris contends that as
people grow
(psychologically) and
mature they strive
toward the highest level
of need in Maslows need
hierarchy: self
actualization. Immature
people are dependent on
others and lack selfinitiative, mature people
are independent.

Maslows hierarchy of needs:

Victor Vrooms Expectation Theory formula

--------------------------------------------------------------------------From the book:

Motivation = E Valence x Expectancy

-------------------------------------------------------------------------M = E*I*V
or
motivation = expectancy * instrumentality * valence
M (motivation) is the amount a person will be motivated by the situation they
find themselves in. It is a function of the following.
E (expectancy) = The person's perception that effort will result in performance.
In other words, the person's assessment of the degree to which effort actually
correlates with performance.
I (instrumentality) = The person's perception that performance will be
rewarded/punished. I.e., the person's assessment of how well the amount of
reward correlates with the quality of performance. (Note here that the model is
phrased in terms of extrinsic motivation, in that it asks 'what are the chances
I'm going to get rewarded if I do good job?'. But for intrinsic situations, we can
think of this as asking 'how good will I feel if I can pull this off?').
V(valence) = The perceived strength of the reward or punishment that will
result from the performance. If the reward is small, the motivation will be small,
even if expectancy and instrumentality are both perfect (high).
Chris Argyrie Maturity Theory Table