Class Xi Physics

Dubai International School
Science Department
Physics set of questions
grade 11
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Acceleration due to gravity is also called

a. negative velocity.
b. displacement.
c. free-fall acceleration.
d. instantaneous acceleration.
____
2. Which of the following statements applies to the motion of a ball rising and then falling in free fall?
I. The ball has constant acceleration as it moves upward.
II. The ball has constant acceleration at the top of its path.
III. The ball has constant acceleration as it moves downward.
a. I only
b. III only
c. I and III
d. I, II, and III
____
3. A baseball catcher throws a ball vertically upward and catches it in the same spot as it returns to the mitt. At
what point in the balls path does it experience zero velocity and nonzero acceleration at the same time?
a. midway on the way up
b. at the top of its path
c. the instant it leaves the catchers hand
d. the instant before it arrives in the catchers mitt
____
4. When there is no air resistance, objects of different masses dropped from rest
a. fall with equal accelerations and with equal displacements.
b. fall with different accelerations and with different displacements.
c. fall with equal accelerations and with different displacements.
d. fall with different accelerations and with equal displacements.
____
5. Objects that are falling toward Earth in free fall move

a. faster and faster.
c. at a constant velocity.
b. slower and slower.
d. slower then faster.
____
6. Which would hit the ground first if dropped from the same height in a vacuuma feather or a metal bolt?
a. the feather
b. the metal bolt
c. They would hit the ground at the same time.
d. They would be suspended in a vacuum.
____
7. Which would fall with greater acceleration in a vacuuma leaf or a stone?

a. the leaf
b. the stone
c. They would accelerate at the same rate.
d. It is difficult to determine without more information.
____
8. Two students are standing on a fire escape, one twice as high as the other. Simultaneously, each drops a ball.
If the first ball strikes the ground at time t , when will the second ball strike the ground? (Disregard air
resistance. Assume a = g = 9.81 m/s .)
____
a. t
= 4t
b. t
= 2t
c. t
d.
t
=
=
t
t
9. Which of the following is the motion of objects moving in two dimensions under the influence of gravity?
a. horizontal velocity
c. vertical velocity
b. directrix
d. projectile motion
____ 10. Which of the following is an example of projectile motion?

a. a jet lifting off a runway
b. a thrown baseball
c. an aluminum can dropped straight down into the recycling bin
d. a space shuttle being launched
____ 11. Which of the following is not an example of projectile motion?
a. a volleyball served over a net
c. a hot-air balloon drifting toward Earth
b. a baseball hit by a bat
d. a long jumper in action
____ 12. What is the path of a projectile (in the absence of friction)?
a. a wavy line
b. a parabola
c. a hyperbola
d. Projectiles do not follow a predictable path.
____ 13. Which of the following exhibits parabolic motion?
a. a stone thrown into a lake
c. a leaf falling from a tree
b. a space shuttle orbiting Earth
d. a train moving along a flat track
____ 14. Which of the following does not exhibit parabolic motion?
a. a frog jumping from land into water
b. a basketball thrown to a hoop
c. a flat piece of paper released from a window
d. a baseball thrown to home plate
The figure above shows the path of a ball tossed from a building. Air resistance is ignored.
____ 15. At what point of the balls path shown in the figure above is the vertical component of the balls velocity
zero?
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
____ 16. In the figure above, the magnitude of the balls velocity is least at location
a. A.
c. C.
b. B.
d. D.
____ 17. In the figure above, the magnitude of the balls velocity is greatest at location
a. A.
c. C.
b. B.
d. D.
____ 18. In the figure above, the horizontal component of the balls velocity at A is
a. zero.
b. equal to the vertical component of the balls velocity at C.
c. equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the horizontal component of the balls
velocity at D.
d. equal to the horizontal component of its initial velocity.
____ 19. In the figure above, at which point is the balls speed about equal to the speed at which it was tossed?
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
____ 20. A track star in the long jump goes into the jump at 12 m/s and launches herself at 20.0 above the horizontal.
What is the magnitude of her horizontal displacement? (Assume no air resistance and that a = g = 9.81
m/s .)
a. 4.6 m
b. 9.2 m
c. 13 m
d. 15 m
____ 21. The magnitude of the gravitational force acting on an object is

a. frictional force.
c. inertia.
b. weight.
d. mass.
____ 22. A measure of the quantity of matter is
a. density.
b. weight.
c. force.
d. mass.
____ 23. A change in the gravitational force acting on an object will affect the objects
a. mass.
c. weight.
b. coefficient of static friction.
d. inertia.
____ 24. A sled weighing 1.0 10 N is held in place on a frictionless 20.0 slope by a rope attached to a stake at the
top. The rope is parallel to the slope. What is the normal force of the slope acting on the sled?
a. 94 N
c. 37 N
b. 47 N
d. 34 N
____ 25. A book with a mass of 2.0 kg is held in equilibrium on a board with a slope of 60.0 by a horizontal force.
What is the normal force exerted on the book?
a. 39 N
c. 15 N
b. 61 N
d. 34 N
____ 26. What are the units of the coefficient of friction?

a. N
c. N
b. 1/N
d. The coefficient of friction has no units.
____ 27. A crate is carried in a pickup truck traveling horizontally at 15.0 m/s. The truck applies the brakes for a
distance of 28.7 m while stopping with uniform acceleration. What is the coefficient of static friction
between the crate and the truck bed if the crate does not slide?
a. 0.400
c. 0.892
b. 0.365
d. 0.656
____ 28. An ice skater moving at 10.0 m/s coasts to a halt in 1.0 10
coefficient of friction between the ice and the skates?
a. 0.025
c. 0.102
b. 0.051
d. 0.205
m on a smooth ice surface. What is the
____ 29. An object in free fall

a. experiences no air resistance.
b. undergoes a downward acceleration.
c. has an acceleration with a magnitude of 9.81 m/s2 near Earths surface.
d. all of the above
____ 30. An object in free fall
a. experiences an increase in speed of 9.81 m/s during each second.
b. moves only downward.
c. undergoes a velocity decrease of 9.81 m/s during each second.
d. all of the above
____ 31. The displacement of an object undergoing free fall from rest is proportional to
a.
t.
b.
t.
c. ( t)2.
d. (2t)2.
____ 32. The final velocity of an object undergoing free fall from rest is proportional to
a.
x.
b.
c.
x.
.
2
d. ( x) .
____ 33. The graph below shows the motion of four objects. Which of the following lines represent an object in free
fall? Assume positive velocity is upward.
a.
b.
c.
d.
I only
II only
I and III
I and IV
The following questions refer to the following demonstration.

A red ball is dropped from rest and undergoes free fall. One second later a blue ball is dropped from
rest and undergoes free fall.
____ 34. The red ball? s change of velocity during the third second of the demonstration is
of velocity of the blue ball during this time interval?
a.
v23
v23.What is the change
b.
v23
c. 2 v23
d. 3 v23
____ 35. The red ball? s velocity at the end of 3.0 seconds is v3. What is the blue balls velocity at this moment of the
demonstration?
a.
v3
b.
c.
d.
v3
v3
v3
____ 36. The displacement of the blue ball during the time interval 3.0 4.0 s is equal to the displacement of the red
ball in which of the following intervals of the demonstration?
a. 0.0 1.0 s
b. 1.0 2.0 s
c. 2.0 3.0 s
d. 3.0 4.0 s
____ 37. The acceleration due to gravity
a. is caused by a field force.
b. has a magnitude of 9.81 m/s2 at Earths surface.

c. is represented by the symbol, ag.
d. all of the above
____ 38. The normal force
a. equals Fg in magnitude.
b. points vertically upward.
c. is a scalar quantity.
d. acts perpendicular to a surface.
____ 39. For an object in contact with a given surface, the kinetic friction acting on the object
a. usually is more than static friction.
b. is independent of the normal force.
c. depends on the composition and qualities of the surfaces in contact.
d. acts perpendicular to the surface.
____ 40. The coefficient of kinetic friction
a. is a type contact force.
b. is measured in newtons.
c. depends on the normal force.
d. depends on the composition and qualities of the surfaces in contact.
____ 41. A lubricant decreases kinetic friction between surfaces. The most likely reason it reduces kinetic friction is
because the lubricant
a. reduces the normal force.
b. changes the composition and qualities of the surfaces in contact.
c. increases static friction.
d. produces greater adhesion between the two surfaces.
____ 42. A plank is inclined at angle , north of west. The direction of the normal force exerted by that plank on an
object would be oriented at angle ,
a. north of west.
b. east of north.
c. south of east.
d. west of south.
____ 43. Which of the following statements are true about Fs, max in the equation s =
I. Fs, max is exerted perpendicular to the surfaces in contact.

II. Fs, max represents the maximum value of the force of static friction.
III. On a level surface, the magnitude of Fs, max equals the magnitude of the applied force that starts the
object moving.
a. I only
b. II only
c. I, II, and III
d. II and III
____ 44. All of the following statements about kinetic friction are true except
a. Kinetic friction is calculated by the equation Ff = kFn.
b. Kinetic friction is exerted parallel to the surface.
c. Kinetic friction is exerted opposite the direction of motion.
d. For an object on an incline, kinetic friction increases as the angle of the incline above the
horizontal increases.
____ 45. Which of the following may be classified as projectile motion?
a. a punted football
b. a thrown baseball
c. a water droplet cascading down a waterfall
d. all of the above
____ 46. In the absence of air resistance, the path of a projectile is a(n)
a. parabola.
b. arc.
c. polygon.
d. semicircle.
____ 47. The motion of a projectile in free fall is characterized by
a. ax = ay = -g.
b. ax = constant and vy = constant.
c. vx = constant and ay = -g.
d. vx = constant and vy = constant.
____ 48. For an object to be a projectile, it must be in free fall and its initial velocity must
a. have a horizontal component.
b. have both a vertical and a horizontal component.
c. have either a vertical or a horizontal component.
d. start from rest.
____ 49. A baby drops a ball from her hand resting on the serving tray of her high chair. Simultaneously, she knocks
another ball from the same tray. Which of the following statements are true?
I. Both balls strike the ground at the same time.
II. The dropped ball reaches the ground first.
III. The knocked ball reaches the ground first.
IV. Both balls strike the ground at the same speed.
a. I only
b. II only
c. III only
d. I and IV
____ 50. A gardener holds the nozzle of a hose constant at a small angle above the horizontal and observes the path of
the stream of water coming from the nozzle. If the pressure of the water is increased so that the water leaves
the nozzle at a greater speed,
a. the height and width of the waters path will increase.
b. the height of the waters path will increase but the width of the path will remain the same.
c. the width of the waters path will increase but the height will remain the same.
d. The height and width of the waters path will remain the same.
____ 51. Assuming no air friction and ay = -g, the horizontal displacement of a projectile depends on the
a. horizontal component of its initial velocity only.
b. vertical component of its initial velocity only.
c. vertical component of its initial velocity and its time in flight.
d. vertical component and the horizontal component of its initial velocity.
____ 52. A volleyball player taps a volleyball well above the net. The balls speed is least
a. just after it is tapped by the player.
b. at the highest point of its path.

c. just before it strikes the ground.
d. when the horizontal and vertical components of its velocity are equal.
____ 53. A 6.0-kg wooden block is pulled across a carpet with a force of F = 36 N. The block begins at rest and
accelerates to a velocity of 0.25 m/s in 0.50 s. What is the force of friction acting on the block?
a. 3.0 N
c. 36 N
b. 33 N
d. 39 N
____ 54. A 1500-kg car can accelerate from rest to 72 km/h in 8.0 s. What is the net force acting on the car to cause
this acceleration?
a. 3.8 kN
c. 15 kN
b. 14 kN
d. 240 kN
____ 55. Glaciers push rocks in front of them. Before a stationary rock starts moving as a result of the force Fglacier
exerted on it, the static friction between the rock and the ground
a. decreases until it is smaller than Fglacier.
b. remains constant until it is smaller than Fglacier.
c. increases until it is equal to the product of s and the normal force on the rock.
d. decreases until it is equal to the product of s and the normal force on the rock.
____ 56. The path of a projectile through space is called its:
a. equilibrant
c. range
b. torque
d. trajectory
____ 57. A soldier throws a grenade horizontally from the top of a cliff. Which of the following curves best describes
the path taken by the grenade?
a. Circle
c. Hyperbola
b. Ellipse
d. Parabola
____ 58. A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a 25.00-m cliff. The stone lands at a distance of 40.00 m from
the edge of the cliff. What is the initial horizontal velocity of the stone?
a. 2.260 m/s
c. 17.70 m/s
b. 15.60 m/s
d. 22.05 m/s
____ 59. A ball is thrown horizontally at 10.0 m/s from the top of a hill 50.0 m high. How far from the base of the cliff
would the ball hit the ground?
a. 23.6 m
c. 31.9 m
b. 26.4 m
d. 45.0 m
____ 60. A ball is thrown horizontally from a hill 29.0 m high at a velocity of 4.00 m/s. Find the distance between the
base of the hill and the point where the ball hits the ground.
a. 2.43 m
c. 10.06 m
b. 9.73 m
d. 3.28 m
____ 61. A player kicks a football at an angle of 30.0 above the horizontal. The football has an initial velocity of
20.0 m/s. Find the horizontal component of the velocity and the maximum height attained by the football.
a. 10.0 m/s, 17.6 m
c. 25.1 m/s, 7.40 m
b. 17.3 m/s, 5.10 m
d. 30.3 m/s, 9.50 m
____ 62. A missile launches at a velocity of 30.0 m/s at an angle of 30.0 to the normal. What is the maximum height
the missile attains?
a. 11.5 m
c. 34.4 m
b. 27.5 m
d. 45.9 m
____ 63. A player kicks a football with an initial velocity of 3.00 m/s at an angle of 60.0 above the horizontal. What
is the horizontal distance traveled by the football?
a. 0.312 m
c. 0.673 m
b. 0.397 m
d. 0.795 m
Short Answer
1. What is free fall?
2. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of an object in free fall near Earths surface?
3. Why is the direction of free-fall acceleration usually negative?
4. How are the velocity and speed of a vertically thrown baseball moving upward in free fall changing?
(Assume a = g = 9.81 m/s .)
5. Compare the acceleration of a rock in free fall with the acceleration of another rock in free fall dropped a
few moments before.
6. Two rocks are dropped simultaneously and undergo free fall. Compare their displacements after equal
intervals of time.
7. What is the term for the curved, parabolic path that an object follows when thrown, launched, or otherwise
projected near the surface of the Earth?
8. Briefly explain why a basketball being thrown toward a hoop is considered projectile motion.
The figure above shows the path of a ball tossed from a building. Air resistance is ignored.
9. In the figure above, what would happen to the width of the balls path if it were launched with a greater
velocity?
10. In the figure above, what would happen to the height of the balls path if it were launched with a greater
velocity?
11. In the figure above, what would happen to the height of the balls path if it were launched with a lesser
velocity?
12. In the figure above, what would happen to the width of the balls path if it were launched with a lesser
velocity?
13. Describe the graph of the horizontal component of velocity versus time for the motion of the ball shown in
the figure above.
14. Describe the graph of the vertical component of velocity versus time for the motion of the ball shown in the
figure above. Identify any constants that would appear in the graph.
15. Briefly explain why the true path of a projectile traveling through Earths atmosphere is not a parabola.
16. A juggler throws a ball vertically upward well above his reach. Sketch a graph of the balls speed versus
time. Show the motion of the ball from the moment it leaves the jugglers hand to the moment the juggler
catches it. Assume no air resistance and that the ball is in free fall.
17. A climber throws a rope with a velocity of 3.0 m/s downward to another climber 4.0 m directly below. What
is the ropes velocity when it reached the lower climber? Assume no air resistance and that a 5 2g = 29.81
m/s2.
18. Only under what conditions is static friction greater than kinetic friction?
19. While deciding where to drive a supporting nail, you are pressing a 18-N picture frame against the wall to
keep it from falling. What is the minimum force perpendicular to the wall that you must exert on the frame
to keep it stationary? The coefficient of kinetic friction for the two surfaces in contact is 0.42.
20. Explain how a projectile can have a horizontal displacement even though its vertical displacement is zero.
21. In a movie production, a stunt person must leap from a balcony of one building to a balcony 3.0 m lower on
another building. If the buildings are 2.0 m apart, what is the minimum horizontal velocity the stunt person
must have to accomplish the jump? Assume no air resistance and that ay = -g = -9.81 m/s2.
Problem
1. Human reaction time is usually about 0.20 s. If your lab partner holds a ruler between your finger and thumb
and releases it from rest without warning, how far can you expect the ruler to fall before you catch it?
(Disregard air resistance. a = g = 9.81 m/s .)
2. A rock is thrown downward from the top of a cliff with an initial speed of 13 m/s. If the rock hits the ground
after 2.7 s, what is the height of the cliff? (Disregard air resistance. a = g = 9.81 m/s .)
3. A rock is thrown straight upward with an initial velocity of 25.4 m/s where the acceleration due to gravity
has a magnitude of 9.81 m/s . What is the rocks displacement after 2.65 s?
4. A coin released at rest from the top of a tower hits the ground after falling 5.7 s. What is the speed of the coin
as it hits the ground? (Disregard air resistance. a = g = 9.81 m/s .)
5. A rock is thrown straight upward with an initial velocity of 6.4 m/s in a location where the acceleration due
to gravity has a magnitude of 9.81 m/s . To what height does it rise?
6. Someone throws a rubber ball vertically upward from the roof of a building 7.58 m in height. The ball rises,
then falls. It just misses the edge of the roof, and strikes the ground. If the ball is in the air for 5.32 s, what
was its initial velocity? (Disregard air resistance. a = g = 9.81 m/s .)
7. A pebble falls from the bottom of the basket of a hot-air balloon that is rising at 1.4 m/s. After 3.8 seconds,
how far below the basket is the pebble? (Assume no air resistance and a = g = 9.81 m/s .)
8. A stone is thrown at an angle of 30.0 above the horizontal from the top edge of a cliff with an initial speed
of 15 m/s. A stopwatch measures the stones trajectory time from the top of the cliff to the bottom at 6.30 s.
What is the height of the cliff? (Assume no air resistance and that a = g = 9.81 m/s .)
9. A model rocket flies horizontally off the edge of a cliff at a velocity of 70.0 m/s. If the canyon below is
110.0 m deep, how far from the edge of the cliff does the model rocket land? (a = g = 9.81 m/s )
10. A firefighter 74.0 m away from a burning building directs a stream of water from a fire hose at an angle of
36.0 above the horizontal. If the velocity of the stream is 55.0 m/s, at what height will the stream of water
strike the building? (a = g = 9.81 m/s )
11. Basking in the sun, a 1.97 kg lizard lies on a flat rock tilted at an angle of 15.9 with respect to the
horizontal. What is the magnitude of the normal force exerted by the rock on the lizard?
12. A three-tiered birthday cake rests on a table. From bottom to top, the cake tiers weigh 15 N, 8 N, and 6 N,
respectively. What is the magnitude and direction of the normal force acting on the base of the second tier?
13. A stagehand starts sliding a large piece of stage scenery originally at rest by pulling it horizontally with a
force of 177 N. What is the coefficient of static friction between the stage floor and the 230 N piece of
scenery?
14. A waitperson pushes the bottom of a glass tumbler full of water across a tabletop at constant speed. The
tumbler and its contents have a mass of 0.86 kg, and the coefficient of kinetic friction for the surfaces in
contact is 0.46. What force does the waitperson exert on the glass? g = 9.81 m/s )
15. A rope attached to an engine pulls a 240 N crate up an 14.7 ramp at constant speed. The coefficient of
kinetic friction for the surfaces of the crate and ramp is 0.32. What is the magnitude of the force that the rope
exerts on the crate parallel to the ramp? (g = 9.81 m/s )
16. A couch with a mass of 1.00 10 kg is placed on an adjustable ramp connected to a truck. As one end of
the ramp is raised, the couch begins to move downward. If the couch slides down the ramp with an
acceleration of 0.79 m/s when the ramp angle is 12.0, what is the coefficient of kinetic friction between
the ramp and the couch? (g = 9.81 m/s )
17. An Olympic skier moving at 19.0 m/s down a 26.0 slope encounters a region of wet snow and slides 136 m
before coming to a halt. What is the coefficient of friction between the skis and the snow? (g = 9.81 m/s2)
18. A plastic ball is dropped out an open window from a height of 20.0 m.
a. Neglecting air resistance and using acceleration due to gravity (9.80 m/s2), calculate the velocity of the
ball when it hits the ground.
b. When does the ball hit the ground?
c. Due to the nature of the material, the ball bounces upward at only half the speed at which it hits the
ground. How high does the ball bounce?
d. If it had taken 5.0 s for the ball to hit the ground, how high would the ball have been when it was
dropped?
19. If you throw a ball straight upward, it will rise into the air and then fall back down toward the ground.
Imagine that you throw the ball with an initial velocity of 13.7 m/s.
a.
How long does it take the ball to reach the top of its motion?
b.
How far will the ball rise before it begins to fall?
c.
What is its average velocity during this period?
20. On the surface of Mars, the acceleration due to gravity is 0.379 times as much as that on the surface of Earth.
A robot on Mars pushes a rock over a 500.0-m cliff.
a.
How long does it take the rock to reach the ground below the cliff?
b.
How fast is the rock traveling when it reaches the surface?
c.
How long would it take the rock to fall the same distance on the surface of Earth?
21. A sky diver jumps from an airplane 1000.0 m above the ground. He waits for 8.0 s and then opens his
parachute. How far above the ground is the sky diver when he opens his parachute?
22. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 1.53 m/s from a point 4.21 m above the ground. Calculate
the time in which the ball will reach the ground.
23. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 1.86 m/s from a point 3.82 m above the ground. Calculate
the time in which the ball will reach the ground.
24. Julia throws a ball vertically upward from the ground with a speed of 5.89 m/s. Andrew catches it when it is
on its way down at a height of 1.27 m from the ground. After how much time does Andrew catch the ball?
25. A boy throws a ball vertically upward with a speed of 19 m/s. Calculate the speed of the ball when it is at a
height equal to 0.77 times the maximum height reached by the ball.
26. You and your bike have a combined mass of 80 kg. How much braking force has to be applied to slow you
from a velocity of 5 m/s to a complete stop in 2 s?
27. Before opening his parachute, a sky diver with a mass of 90.0 kg experiences an upward force from air
resistance of 150 N.
a.
b.
What net force is acting on the sky diver?

What is the sky divers acceleration?
28. A box experiences a net force of 41 N while it is being lifted. What is the acceleration of the box?
29. Two men pull a 31-kg box with forces 9.7 N and 7.6 N in the directions shown below. Find the resultant
acceleration of the box and the direction in which the box moves.
9.7 N
7.6 N
30. A 2.7-kg box is released on a horizontal surface with an initial speed of 2.9 m/s. It moves on the surface with
a deceleration of 0.27 m/s2. Calculate the kinetic friction force on the box.
31. A block of 7.80 kg kept on an inclined plane just begins to slide at an angle of inclination of 35.0. Once it
has been set into motion, the angle is reduced to 30.0 to keep the block moving at constant speed. Calculate
the maximum force of static friction and the force of kinetic friction for the surfaces in contact.
32. A worker has to move a 17.0-kg crate along a flat floor in a warehouse. The coefficient of kinetic friction
between the crate and the floor is 0.214. The worker pulls horizontally on a rope attached to the crate, with
a 49.0-N force. What is the resultant acceleration of the crate?
33. A wooden block of 20.0 kg rests on a horizontal wooden plank. The plank is lifted by one end until it forms
a 40.0 angle with the floor.
a.
Does the block slide down the plank at this angle? Draw a diagram of the forces acting on this block
as it is positioned.
b.
At what minimum angle does the block start to slide?
c.
Assume that the plank is 12 m long and that the block is at the top of the plank. What is the velocity
of the block at the bottom when it slides all the way down this 40.0 incline?
34. Two grenades, A and B, are thrown horizontally with different speeds from the top of a cliff 70 m high. The
speed of A is 2.50 m/s and the speed of B is 3.40 m/s. Both grenades remain in air for 3.77 s. Assume that
the acceleration due to gravity is 9.86 m/s2. What is the distance between A and B if they are thrown along
the same straight line?
35. A busy waitress slides a plate of apple pie along a counter to a hungry customer sitting near the end of the
counter. The customer is not paying attention, and the plate slides off the counter horizontally at 0.84 m/s.
The counter is 1.38 m high.
a.
How long does it take the plate to fall to the floor?
b.
How far from the base of the counter does the plate hit the floor?
c.
What are the horizontal and vertical components of the plates velocity just before it hits the floor?
36. A tennis ball is thrown toward a vertical wall with a speed of 21.0 m/s at an angle of 40.0 above the
horizontal. The horizontal distance between the wall and the point where the tennis ball is released is 23.0
m.
a.
At what height above the point of release does the tennis ball hit the wall?
b.
Has the tennis ball already passed the highest point on its trajectory when it hits the wall? Justify
your answer.
grade 11
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
C
D
B
A
A
C
C
C
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
I
I
II
I
I
I
I
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
2-3.1
2-3.1
2-3.1
2-3.3
2-3.3
2-3.3
2-3.3
DIF:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
IIIC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
OBJ:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
2-3.3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
II
II
II
II
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
3-3.1
3-3.1
3-3.1
3-3.2
3-3.2
3-3.2
3-3.2
3-3.2
3-3.2
3-3.2
3-3.2
Given
a = g
x = 2x
v =v =0
Solution
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
PTS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
Given
1
D
B
C
B
A
C
B
B
D
D
C
B
vi = 12 m/s at 20.0 above the horizontal

Solution
21.
22.
23.
24.
PTS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
1
B
D
C
A
Given
F = 1.0 10
DIF:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
IIIC
1
1
1
OBJ:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
3-3.3
I
I
I
= 20.0
Solution
PTS: 1
25. ANS: A
Given
m = 2.0 kg
= 60.0
g = 9.81 m/s
Solution
DIF: IIIA
OBJ: 4-4.2
OBJ: 4-4.1
OBJ: 4-4.1
OBJ: 4-4.1
PTS: 1
26. ANS: D
27. ANS: A
DIF: IIIB
PTS: 1
OBJ: 4-4.2
DIF: I
DIF: IIIB
OBJ: 4-4.4
Given
v = 15.0 m/s
x = 28.7 m
g = 9.81 m/s
Solution
PTS: 1
28. ANS: B
Given
OBJ: 4-4.4
v = 10.0 m/s
g = 9.81 m/s
x = 1.0 10
Solution
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
PTS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
1
D
C
C
C
C
B
D
C
D
D
C
D
B
B
D
D
D
A
C
A
A
A
DIF:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
IIIC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
OBJ:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
4-4.4
Chapter 2 Section Quiz 3
51. ANS: D
PTS: 1
TOP: Chapter 3 Section Quiz 3
52. ANS: B
PTS: 1
53. ANS: B
Rationale
a.
net force on the block
b.
correct answer
c.
applied force exerted on the block
d.
applied force + net force
Explanation
The force of friction Ffriction can be calculated using the equation
Fnet = Fapplied Ffriction (friction is opposite from the direction of motion).
This equation can be rearranged to solve for the force of friction:
Ffriction = Fapplied Fnet
Given
Fapplied = 36 N
m = 6.0 kg
To calculate Fnet, we first need to find a:
where vf = final velocity, vi = initial velocity, tf = final time, ti = initial time.

Given
vf = 0.25 m/s
vi = 0 m/s (rest)
tf = 0.50 s
ti = 0 s
Now, calculate the net force on the block:

Fnet = ma
= (6.0 kg)(0.50 m/s2)
= 3.0 kgm/s2
= 3.0 N
Then substitute Fnet into the equation to solve for Ffriction
Ffriction = Fapplied Fnet
= 36 N 3.0 N
= 33 N
PTS: 1
54. ANS: A
Rationale
a. correct answer
b. forgot to convert km/h to m/s
c. used a = 9.8 m/s2
d. used a = vftf
Explanation
Given
m = 1500 kg
vi = 0 m/s (rest)
= 2.0101 m/s
ti = 0 s
tf = 8.0 s
First find the acceleration using
Then use Newtons second law, Fnet = ma, to find Fnet.

Fnet = ma
Fnet = (1500 kg) (2.5 m/s2)
Fnet = 3800 N, or 3.8 kN
PTS: 1
55. ANS: C
Explanation
As a force is exerted on a stationary object, static friction increases with the force applied until the force
applied equals the product of the coefficient of static friction and the normal force exerted upward on the
rock. When the applied force exceeds the product of the coefficient of static friction and the normal force,
the rock starts to move.
PTS: 1
56. ANS: D
A projectile is any object that has been given an initial thrust and moves through air. Its path through space
is called its trajectory.
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Equilibrant is a type of force.

Torque is the product of the force and length of the lever arm.
Range is the horizontal distance traveled by a projectile.
Correct!
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: Page 147
OBJ: 6.1.1 Recognize that the vertical and horizontal motions of a projectile are independent.
NAT: B.4
TOP: Recognize that the vertical and horizontal motions of a projectile are independent.
KEY: Projectile | Trajectory
MSC: 1
57. ANS: D
Draw a motion diagram for the trajectory showing the downward acceleration. The velocity will have two
components, a horizontal and a vertical component. The combination of constant horizontal velocity and
uniform vertical acceleration produces a distinct trajectory.
Feedback
A
B
C
D
A circular path would mean that the grenade falls on the soldier!
The grenade cannot take an elliptical path as gravity would act on it.
The trajectory of the grenade cannot be a hyperbola as Earth would exert a gravitational
pull on it.
Correct!
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: Page 148
OBJ: 6.1.3 Explain how the shape of the trajectory of a projectile depends upon the frame of reference
from which it is observed.
NAT:
B.4
TOP: Explain how the shape of the trajectory of a projectile depends upon the frame of reference from
which it is observed.
MSC: 1
58. ANS: C
Solve the equation for the time the stone is in the air. Then solve the equation for the initial horizontal
velocity by substituting the values of time and the range.
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The time period is 2.260 s. Divide the range by the time period to get the initial horizontal
velocity.
Divide the range by the period, instead of multiplying the range by the period.
Correct!
You calculated the vertical velocity instead of the horizontal velocity.
PTS: 1
DIF: 3
REF: Page 149
OBJ: 6.1.2 Relate the height, time in the air, and initial vertical velocity of a projectile using its vertical
motion, then determine the range using the horizontal motion.
NAT: B.4
TOP: Relate the height, time in the air, and initial vertical velocity of a projectile using its vertical motion,
then determine the range using the horizontal motion.
KEY: Projectiles launched horizontally
MSC: 3
59. ANS: C
Use the equation for the y-position, and solve the equation for the time the stone is in the air. Multiply the
time period with the horizontal velocity to obtain the horizontal distance (range).
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Use the equation for the y-position to find the time period.
Multiply the period with the horizontal velocity.
Correct!
The magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity is 9.80 m/s^2.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: Page 149
NAT: B.4
MSC: 3
60. ANS: B
Use the equation for the y-position, and solve the equation for the time the stone is in the air. Multiply the
time period with the horizontal velocity to obtain the distance.
Feedback
A
B
C
D
You calculated the time the stone is in the air. Multiply this value with the initial
horizontal velocity to find the range.
Correct!
Use the equation for the y-position to calculate how long the stone is in the air.
To calculate the time the stone is in the air, use the formula t^2 = 2 y/g.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: Page 149
NAT: B.4
MSC: 3
61. ANS: B
Write expressions for the vertical and horizontal velocity components. Solve the velocity equation for the
time of maximum height. Substitute this time into the equation for vertical position to find the height.
Feedback
A
B
C
D
You calculated the vertical component instead of the horizontal component.

Correct!
The actual velocity is always more than its horizontal component.
Can the horizontal component of the velocity be more than the actual velocity?
PTS: 1
DIF: 3
REF: Page 150
NAT: B.4
KEY: Maximum range
MSC: 3
62. ANS: C
Write the equations for the initial velocity components, the velocity components at time t, and the position
in both directions.
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Did you multiply the velocity with the cosine of the angle instead of the sine?
The time taken to reach maximum height can be calculated using the formula t = vyo/g,
where vyo is the vertical component of the velocity.
Correct!
Substitute the vertical component of the velocity in the equation for the maximum height.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: Page 150
NAT: B.4
KEY: Maximum height
MSC: 2
63. ANS: D
Solve the vertical-position equation for the time at the end of the flight, when y = 0. Substitute that value of
time into the equation for horizontal distance to get the range.
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Solve the vertical-position equation for the time at the end of the flight when y = 0.
To find the range, multiply the horizontal component of velocity with the time obtained
when y = 0.
The vertical component of velocity is the product of the velocity and the sine of the angle
the football makes with the horizontal.
Correct!
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: Page 150
NAT: B.4
KEY: Maximum range
MSC: 2
SHORT ANSWER
1. ANS:
Free fall is the motion of an object falling with a constant acceleration due to gravity in the absence of air
resistance.
PTS: 1
2. ANS:
9.81 m/s
DIF: I
OBJ: 2-3.1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 2-3.1
3. ANS:
Since the usual choice of coordinates uses positive as the direction away from Earth, the direction of
free-fall acceleration is negative because the object accelerates toward Earth.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
OBJ: 2-3.1
4. ANS:
Both the baseballs velocity and speed are decreasing.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
5. ANS:
The accelerations are the same.
OBJ: 2-3.2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
6. ANS:
The displacements are equal.
OBJ: 2-3.3
PTS: 1
7. ANS:
projectile motion
OBJ: 2-3.3
DIF: I
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 3-3.1
8. ANS:
Objects sent into the air and subject to gravity exhibit projectile motion.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
OBJ: 3-3.1
9. ANS:
The width of the balls path would increase.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 3-3.2
10. ANS:
The height of the balls path would increase.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 3-3.2
11. ANS:
The height of the balls path would decrease.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 3-3.2
12. ANS:
The width of the balls path would decrease.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 3-3.2
13. ANS:
The graph of the horizontal component of the velocity versus time is a straight line parallel to the time axis.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
OBJ: 3-3.2
14. ANS:
The graph of the vertical component of the velocity versus time is a straight line with a negative slope. The
slope of the line is 9.81 m/s , which is g
PTS: 1
DIF: II
OBJ: 3-3.2
15. ANS:
With air resistance, a projectile slows down as it collides with air particles. Therefore, the true path of a
projectile would not be a parabola.
PTS: 1
16. ANS:
DIF: II
OBJ: 3-3.2
PTS: 1
17. ANS:
-9.3 m/s
Given
vi = 23.0 m/s2
a = -g = -9.81 m/s2
x = -4.0 m
Unknown
vf
Solution
vf2 = vi2 + 2a x
vf =
= -9.3 m/s
PTS: 1
18. ANS:
Static friction and kinetic friction are measured using the same surfaces in contact and the normal force
remains the same.
PTS: 1
19. ANS:
43 N
Given
Fg = 18 N
k = 0.42
Solution
Fnet, y = Fy = Ff - Fg = 0
Ff = Fg
Fnet, x = Fx = Fn - Fapplied = 0
Fapplied = Fn
Ff = k Fn
Fn =
Fapplied =
= 43 N
PTS: 1
20. ANS:
If the object is launched and caught from the same initial vertical position, its vertical displacement is zero
because it was moving first up and then down the same distance while moving horizontally during its flight.
PTS: 1
21. ANS:
2.6 m/s
Given
y = -3.0 m
x = 2.0 m
Solution
2
y = ay( t)
t=
vx = vavg,x =
= (2.0m) =
= 2.6 m/s
PTS: 1
PROBLEM
1. ANS:
at least 0.20 m
Given
a = g =9.81 m/s
t = 0.20 s
v = 0.0 m/s
Solution
PTS: 1
2. ANS:
71 m
DIF: IIIA
OBJ: 2-3.2
DIF: IIIA
OBJ: 2-3.2
Given
a = g = 9.81 m/s
t = 2.7 s
v = 13 m/s
Solution
height of cliff = 71 m
PTS: 1
3. ANS:
32.9 m
Given
a = g = 9.81 m/s
v = 25.4 m/s
t = 2.65 s
Solution
PTS: 1
4. ANS:
56 m/s
DIF: IIIA
OBJ: 2-3.2
Given
a = g = 9.81 m/s
v = 0.0 m/s
t = 5.7 s
Solution
/s
speed = 56 m/s
PTS: 1
5. ANS:
2.1 m
DIF: IIIB
OBJ: 2-3.2
DIF: IIIB
OBJ: 2-3.2
Given
a = g = 9.81 m/s
v = 6.4 m/s
v = 0.0 m/s
Solution
PTS: 1
6. ANS:
24.7 m/s
Given
a = g = 9.81 m/s
x = 7.58 m
t = 5.32 s
Solution
PTS: 1
7. ANS:
71 m
DIF: IIIB
OBJ: 2-3.2
Given
a = g = 9.81 m/s
v
= v = 1.4 m/s
t = 3.8 s
Solution
PTS: 1
8. ANS:
148 m
DIF: IIIC
OBJ: 2-3.3
Given
v
15 m/s at 30.0 above the horizontal
t 6.30 s
g 9.81 m/s
Solution
PTS: 1
9. ANS:
DIF: IIIB
OBJ: 3-3.3
Given
v 70.0 m/s horizontally
y 110.0 m
Solution
PTS: 1
10. ANS:
40.1 m
Given
v
55.0 m/s
x 74.0 m
DIF: IIIB
OBJ: 3-3.3
36.0
Solution
PTS: 1
DIF: IIIC
OBJ: 3-3.3
11. ANS:
18.6 N
Given
m = 1.97 kg
= 15.9
g = 9.81 m/s
Solution
PTS: 1
12. ANS:
14 N, upward
DIF: IIIA
OBJ: 4-4.2
DIF: IIIA
OBJ: 4-4.2
Given
F
6N
F
8N
15 N
Solution
Fn
14 N, upward
PTS: 1
13. ANS:
0.77
Given
F
F
177 N
230 N
Solution
PTS: 1
14. ANS:
3.9 N
DIF: IIIB
OBJ: 4-4.4
DIF: IIIA
OBJ: 4-4.4
Given
m 0.86 kg
0.46
g
9.81 m/s
Solution
PTS: 1
15. ANS:
135 N
Given
F
240 N
14.7
0.32
Solution
PTS: 1
16. ANS:
0.131
DIF: IIIB
OBJ: 4-4.4
DIF: IIIC
OBJ: 4-4.4
Given
m 1.00 10 kg
a
0.79 m/s
12.0
g 9.81 m/s
Solution
PTS: 1
17. ANS:
0.337
Given:
vx,i 19.0 m/s
x 136 m
26.0
g 9.81 m/s2
Solution
Choose a coordinate system such that the positive x-direction is down the ski slope. The force of friction
will be in the negative x-direction.
PTS: 1
18. ANS:
DIF: IIIC
OBJ: 4-4.4
a. Using the ground as df = 0, the initial conditions for the ball are di = + 20.0 m, vi = 0.
vf2 = vi2 + 2a(df di)
= 02 + 2(9.80 m/s2)(0 20.0 m)
= 392 m2/s2
vf =
= 19.8 m/s
Because the velocity of the ball is downward toward the ground, we know the negative value is correct,
vf = 19.8 m/s.
b. vf = vi + atf
c. Because the ball is now traveling up from the ground (di = 0), its initial velocity is a positive value that
is half that of its downward velocity,
vi =
9.90 m/s. To determine how high it bounces, note that at the top of its bounce the ball
will stop (vf = 0) and then begin to fall:

vf2 = vi2 + 2a(df di)
= 5.00 m
d. Again using the ground as df = 0, the initial conditions known are vi = 0 and a final drop time of tf = 5.0
s.
= 0.0 m (0.0 m/s)(5.0 s)

= 120 m
PTS: 1
19. ANS:
(9.80 m/s2)(5.0 s)2
PTS: 1
20. ANS:
PTS: 1
21. ANS:
PTS: 1
22. ANS:
1.10 s
PTS: 1
DIF: 3
REF: Page 72
OBJ: 3.3.2 Solve objects involving objects in free fall.

NAT: B.4
TOP: Solve objects involving objects in free fall.
KEY: Free fall
MSC: 3
NOT: The total time is the sum of the time taken by the ball to reach its topmost point and the time to come
down from the topmost point to the ground.
23. ANS:
1.093 s
PTS: 1
DIF: 3
REF: Page 72
NAT: B.4
KEY: Free fall
MSC: 3
down from the topmost point to the ground.
24. ANS:
0.92 s
PTS: 1
DIF: 3
REF: Page 72
NAT: B.4
KEY: Free fall
MSC: 3
down from the topmost point to the point where the ball is caught.
25. ANS:
9.1 m/s
PTS:
OBJ:
TOP:
MSC:
NOT:
26. ANS:
1
DIF: 3
REF: Page 72
3.3.1 Define acceleration due to gravity.
NAT: B.4
Define acceleration due to gravity. KEY: Acceleration due to gravity
3
Calculate the maximum height reached and then use the starting point as the highest point.
PTS: 1
27. ANS:
PTS: 1
28. ANS:
PTS: 1
29. ANS:
6.8 102 m/s2 to left
PTS: 1
DIF: 3
REF: Page 87
OBJ: 4.1.2 Apply Newton's second law to solve problems.
NAT: B.4
TOP: Apply Newton's second law to solve problems.
KEY: Newton's second law
MSC: 3
NOT: The resultant acceleration is obtained on dividing the net force by the mass of the box.
30. ANS:
0.73 N
PTS:
NAT:
MSC:
NOT:
1
DIF: 2
REF: Page 127
OBJ: 5.2.1 Define the friction force.
B.4
TOP: Define the friction force.
KEY: Friction
2
The only force on the box is the kinetic friction, which should be equal to the product of mass and
acceleration of the box.

31. ANS:
The maximum force of static friction is 43.8 N and the force of kinetic friction is 38.2 N.
PTS: 1
DIF: 3
REF: Page 127
OBJ: 5.2.2 Distinguish between static and kinetic friction.
NAT: B.4
TOP: Distinguish between static and kinetic friction.
KEY: Inclined plane
MSC: 3
NOT: The maximum force of static friction is equal to the force that just moves a static object. The kinetic
friction force is equal to the force that keeps it moving at constant speed.
32. ANS:
PTS: 1
33. ANS:
a.
Draw a diagram of the forces acting on this block as it is positioned:
The forces due to the weight of the block (gravity) may be resolved into their component vectors:
Fgx = Fg sin
= mg sin
= (20 kg)(9.80 m/s2) sin 40.0
= 126 N
Fgy = Fg cos
= mg cos
= (20 kg)(9.80 m/s2) cos 40.0
= 1.50102 N
We have already found the normal force, FN, from the calculations of the gravity component,
FN = Fgy
= 1.50102 N
and we can find the coefficient of static friction for wood on wood from Table 5-1,
Ff = sFN
= (0.50)(1.50102 N)
= 75 N
To begin a slide down the plank, the force of gravity Fgx would have to be greater in magnitude than the
force of friction Ff that is holding the block in place.
Because Fgx Ff, the block slides down the plank without any assistance.
b.
The block will start to slide when the force of gravity, Fgx, is equal to or greater than the force of
static friction, Ff.
Ff = Fgx, where Ff
= sFN, and FN
= Fgy
= Fg cos . So, Ff
= sFg cos
sFg cos Fg sin
=
= tan
= tan1 (s) = tan1 (0.50) = 27
c.
From Table 5-1, we find that the coefficient of the kinetic friction of wood on wood is 0.20.
The resulting acceleration of this block can then be calculated:
Ftotal = ma
PTS: 1
34. ANS:
3.39 m.
PTS: 1
DIF: 3
REF: Page 149
NAT: B.4
MSC: 3
NOT: Use the equation for the y-position to solve the equation for the time the objects are in the air.
35. ANS:
PTS: 1
36. ANS:
a. x-direction:
vxi = vi cos i =
xf = xi + vxit
xf xi = vxit
twall = 1.43 s
y-direction:
vyi = vi sin i
yf = yi 1 vyit 2 gt2
b. Method One: Find the time to maximum height.

vyf = vyi gt
At maximum height, vyf = 0
0 = vyi gt
thighest = 1.38 s
From part a, twall = 1.43 s
Since twall thighest, the ball has already passed the highest point when it hits the wall.
Method Two: Find vyf component just before the ball hits the wall.
vyf,wall = vyi gtwall = vi sin i gtwall
= (21.0 m/s) sin 40.0
(9.80 m/s2)(1.43 s)
= 0.515 m/s
Since vyf,wall 0, the ball is on its way down and has already passed the highest point.
PTS: 1
Dubai International School

Science Department
Chemistry set of questions
Grade 11
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. In a chemical reaction
a. the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.
b. the mass of the products is greater than the mass of reactants.
c. the number of atoms in the reactants and products must change.
d. energy as heat must be added to the reactants.
____
2. Which observation does not indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred?
a. formation of a precipitate
c. evolution of heat and light
b. production of a gas
d. change in total mass of substances
____
3. When a solid produced by a chemical reaction separates from the solution it is called
a. a precipitate.
c. a molecule.
b. a reactant.
d. the mass of the product.
____
4. The word equation solid carbon + oxygen gas carbon dioxide gas + energy, represents a chemical
reaction because
a. the reaction releases energy.
b. CO2 has chemical properties that differ from those of C and O.
c. the reaction absorbs energy.
d. CO2 is a gas and carbon is a crystal.
____
5. In writing a chemical equation that produces hydrogen gas, the correct representation of hydrogen gas is
a. H.
c. H2.
b. 2H.
d. OH.
____
6. What is the small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation?
a. a subscript
c. a ratio
b. a superscript
d. a coefficient
____
7. To balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the

a. coefficients.
c. formulas of the products.
b. subscripts.
d. number of products.
____
8. According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reacting substances is
a. always more than the total mass of the products.
b. always less than the total mass of the products.
c. sometimes more and sometimes less than the total mass of the products.
d. always equal to the total mass of the products.
____
9. A chemical equation is balanced when the

a. coefficients of the reactants equal the coefficients of the products.
b. same number of each kind of atom appears in the reactants and in the products.
c. products and reactants are the same chemicals.
d. subscripts of the reactants equal the subscripts of the products.
____ 10. In the word equation, sodium oxide + water sodium hydroxide, the formula for
sodium hydroxide is represented by
a. Na2OH.
b. NaOH.
c. NaO2.
d. Na2O.
____ 11. Which word equation represents the reaction that produces water from hydrogen and oxygen?
a. Water is produced from hydrogen and oxygen.
b. Hydrogen plus oxygen yields water.
c. H2 + O2 water.
d. Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen.
____ 12. How would oxygen be represented in the formula equation for the reaction of methane and oxygen to yield
carbon dioxide and water?
a. oxygen
c. O2
b. O
d. O3
____ 13. Which of the following is a formula equation for the formation of carbon dioxide from carbon and oxygen?
a. Carbon plus oxygen yields carbon dioxide. c. CO2 C + O2
b. C + O2 CO2
d. 2C + O CO2
____ 14. In the chemical equation 2Mg(s) + O2(g) ? 2MgO(s),
a. Mg represents the product magnesium.
c. Mg represents the reagent magnesium.
b. the reaction yields magnesium.
d. O2 represents the product oxygen gas.
____ 15. In an equation, the symbol for a substance in water solution is followed by
a. (1).
c. (aq).
b. (g).
d. (s).
____ 16. A chemical formula written over the arrow in a chemical equation signifies
a. a by-product.
c. a catalyst for the reaction.
b. the formation of a gas.
d. an impurity.
____ 17. When the equation Fe3O4 + Al Al2O3 + Fe is correctly balanced, what is the coefficient of Fe?
a. 3
c. 6
b. 4
d. 9
____ 18. Which coefficients correctly balance the formula equation
NH4NO2(s) N2(g) + H2O(l)?
a. 1, 2, 2
c. 2, 1, 1
b. 1, 1, 2
d. 2, 2, 2
____ 19. Which coefficients correctly balance the formula equation CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2?
a. 2, 1, 2
c. 1, 2, 1
b. 1, 2, 3
d. 1, 1, 1
____ 20. After the first steps in writing an equation, the equation is balanced by
a. adjusting subscripts to the formula(s).
b. adjusting coefficients to the smallest whole-number ratio.
c. changing the products formed.
d. making the number of reactants equal to the number of products.
____ 21. The complete balanced equation for the reaction between zinc hydroxide and acetic acid is
a. ZnOH + CH3COOH ZnCH3COO + H2O.
b. Zn(OH)2 + CH3COOH Zn + 2CO2 +3H2O.
c. Zn(OH)2 + 2CH3COOH Zn(CH3COO)2 + 2H2O.
d. Zn(OH)2 + 2CH3COOH Zn(CH3COO)2 + H2 + O2.

____ 22. What is the balanced equation for the combustion of sulfur?
a. S(s) + O2(g) SO(g)
b. S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g)
c. 2S(s) + 3O2(g) SO3(s)
d. S(s) + 2O2(g) SO42(aq)
____ 23. Which equation is not balanced?
a. 2H2 + O2 2H2O
b. 4H2 + 2O2 4H2O
c. H2 + H2 + O2 H2O + H2O
d. 2H2 + O2 H2O
____ 24. In what kind of reaction do two or more substances combine to form a new compound?
a. decomposition reaction
c. double-displacement reaction
b. ionic reaction
d. synthesis reaction
____ 25. The equation AX A + X is the general equation for a
a. synthesis reaction.
c. combustion reaction.
b. decomposition reaction.
d. single-displacement reaction.
____ 26. In what kind of reaction does one element replace a similar element in a compound?
a. displacement reaction
c. decomposition reaction
b. combustion
d. ionic reaction
____ 27. The equation AX + BY AY + BX is the general equation for a
c. single-displacement reaction.
d. double-displacement reaction.
____ 28. The equation A + X AX is the general equation for a(n)
a. combustion reaction.
c. synthesis reaction.
b. ionic reaction.
____ 29. In what kind of reaction does a single compound produce two or more simpler substances?
c. single-displacement reaction
b. synthesis reaction
d. ionic reaction
____ 30. The equation A + BX AX + B is the general equation for a
a. double-displacement reaction.
d. combustion reaction.
____ 31. In what kind of reaction do the ions of two compounds exchange places in aqueous solution to form two
new compounds?
a. synthesis reaction
c. decomposition reaction
b. double-displacement reaction
d. combustion reaction
____ 32. The reaction represented by the equation 2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s) is a
____ 33. The reaction represented by the equation Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq) is a
a. composition reaction.
____ 34. The reaction represented by the equation 2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g) is a(n)
a. single-displacement reaction.
b. synthesis reaction.
d. decomposition reaction.
____ 35. The reaction represented by the equation Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq) is a
a. double-displacement reaction.
c. decomposition reaction.
b. synthesis reaction.
____ 36. The reaction represented by the equation 2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) is a(n)
d. ionic reaction.
____ 37. The reaction represented by the equation Cl2(g) + 2KBr(aq) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) is a(n)
____ 38. In one type of synthesis reaction, an element combines with oxygen to yield a(n)
a. acid.
c. oxide.
b. hydroxide.
d. metal.
____ 39. The decomposition of a substance by an electric current is called
a. electrolysis.
c. ionization.
b. conduction.
d. transformation.
____ 40. When heated, a metal carbonate decomposes into a metal oxide and
a. carbon.
c. oxygen.
b. carbon dioxide.
d. hydrogen.
____ 41. Oxides of active metals, such as CaO, react with water to produce
a. metal carbonates.
c. acids.
b. metal hydrides.
d. metal hydroxides.
____ 42. An active metal and a halogen react to form a(n)
a. salt.
c. acid.
b. hydroxide.
d. oxide.
____ 43. When a binary compound decomposes, what is produced?
a. an oxide
c. a tertiary compound
b. an acid
d. two elements
____ 44. Many metal hydroxides decompose when heated to yield metal oxides and
a. metal hydrides.
c. carbon dioxide.
b. water.
d. an acid.
____ 45. When a metal chlorate is heated, it decomposes to yield a metal chloride and
a. a metal oxide.
c. hydrogen.
b. a metal hydroxide.
d. oxygen.
____ 46. Some acids, such as carbonic acid, decompose to nonmetal oxides and
a. water.
c. oxygen.
b. a salt.
d. peroxide.
____ 47. When heated, metallic chlorates decompose into

a. metallic oxides and chlorine.
b. metallic chlorides and oxygen.
c. a metal and a compound of chlorine and oxygen.
d. a metal, chlorine, and oxygen.
____ 48. In the equation 2Al(s) + 3Fe(NO3)2(aq) 3Fe(s) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq), iron has been replaced by
a. nitrate.
c. aluminum.
b. water.
d. nitrogen.
____ 49. Group 1 metals react with water to produce metal hydroxides and
a. metal hydroxides.
c. oxygen.
b. hydrochloric acid.
d. hydrogen.
____ 50. The replacement of bromine by chlorine in a salt is an example of a single-displacement reaction by
a. halogens.
c. water.
b. sodium.
d. electrolysis.
____ 51. When a slightly soluble solid compound is produced in a double-displacement reaction, a
a. gas bubbles off.
c. combustion reaction takes place.
b. precipitate is formed.
d. halogen is produced.
____ 52. An insoluble gas that forms in a double-displacement reaction in aqueous solution
a. bubbles out of solution.
c. disassociates into ions.
b. forms a precipitate.
d. reacts with the water.
____ 53. In a double-displacement reaction, hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide react to produce sodium
chloride. Another product is
a. sodium hydride.
c. water.
b. potassium chloride.
d. hydrogen gas.
____ 54. Active metals react with certain acids, such as hydrochloric acid, to yield a metal compound and
a. oxygen.
c. chlorine.
b. hydrogen.
d. sodium.
____ 55. Some metals, such as iron, react with steam to produce hydrogen gas and a
a. metal hydroxide.
c. metallic acid.
b. metal hydride.
d. metal oxide.
____ 56. When potassium reacts with water, one product formed is
a. hydrogen gas.
c. potassium oxide.
b. oxygen gas.
d. salt.
____ 57. A precipitate may form in a double-displacement reaction when
a. hydrogen gas reacts with a metal.
b. positive ions combine with negative ions.
c. water boils out of the solution.
d. a gas escapes.
____ 58. The reaction of calcium oxide, CaO, with water yields
a. calcium and oxygen gas.
c. calcium and a salt.
b. calcium hydroxide.
d. carbon dioxide and water.
____ 59. Predict the product of the reaction represented by the following equation:
MgO + CO2
a. MgCO3
b. Mg + CO3
c. MgC + O3
d. MgCO2 + O
____ 60. Magnesium hydroxide decomposes to yield magnesium oxide and

a. hydrogen.
c. water.
b. oxygen.
d. salt.
____ 61. When sodium chlorate, NaClO3, decomposes, the products are
a. sodium hydroxide and water.
c. sodium and chlorine oxide.
b. sodium oxide and chlorine.
d. sodium chloride and oxygen.
____ 62. If chlorine gas is produced by halogen replacement, the other halogen in the reaction must be
a. bromine.
c. astatine.
b. iodine.
d. fluorine.
____ 63. The formulas for the products of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid are
a. Na2SO4 and H2O.
c. SI4 and Na2O.
b. NaSO4 and H2O.
d. S + O2 and Na.
____ 64. What is the balanced equation when aluminum reacts with copper(II) sulfate?
a. Al + Cu2S Al2S + Cu
b. 2Al + 3CuSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu
c. Al + CuSO4 AlSO4 + Cu
d. 2Al + Cu2SO4 Al2SO4 + 2Cu
____ 65. The ability of an element to react is the element's
a. valence.
c. stability.
b. activity.
d. electronegativity.
____ 66. What is the name of a list of elements arranged according to the ease with which they undergo certain
chemical reactions?
a. reactivity list
c. activity series
b. reaction sequence
d. periodic list
____ 67. An element in the activity series can replace any element
a. in the periodic table.
c. above it on the list.
b. below it on the list.
d. in its group.
____ 68. What can be predicted by using an activity series?
a. whether a certain chemical reaction will occur
b. the amount of energy released by a chemical reaction
c. the electronegativity values of elements
d. the melting points of elements
____ 69. The activity series of metals indicates the ease with which metal
a. atoms gain neutrons.
c. atoms form covalent bonds.
b. nuclei fuse.
d. atoms lose electrons.
____ 70. If metal X is lower than metal Y in the activity series, then metal X
a. replaces ions of metal Y in a solution.
b. loses electrons more readily than does metal Y.
c. loses electrons less readily than does metal Y.
d. forms positive ions more readily than does metal Y.

____ 71. If a certain metal is placed in an ionic solution containing another metal and no reaction occurs, then the
metal originally in the solution is
a. a halogen.
c. not on the activity series.
b. higher on the activity series.
d. unreactive.
____ 72. Predict what happens when calcium metal is added to a solution of magnesium chloride.
a. No reaction occurs.
c. Magnesium calcite forms.
b. Calcium chloride forms.
d. Gaseous calcium is produced.
____ 73. Predict what happens when zinc is added to water.
c. Zinc oxide forms.
b. Steam is produced.
d. Hydrogen is released.
____ 74. Predict what happens when lead is added to nitric acid.
c. Lead oxide forms.
b. Oxygen is released.
d. Hydrogen is released.
____ 75. Predict what happens when nickel is added to a solution of potassium chloride.
c. Potassium nickel chloride forms.
b. Nickel chloride forms.
d. Hydrochloric acid forms.
____ 76. Magnesium bromide (aq) + chlorine (g) yields
a. Mg(s) and BrCl(aq).
c. MgBrCl(aq).
b. MgCl(aq) and Br2(l).
d. MgCl2(aq) and Br2(l).
____ 77. Which reaction does not occur?
a. 2HF(aq) + Cl2(g) F2(g) + 2HCl(aq)
b. 2Na(s) + ZnF2(aq) 2NaF(aq) + Zn(s)
c. Fe(s) + CuCl2(aq) FeCl2(aq) + Cu(s)
d. 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
____ 78. Which reaction can be predicted from the activity series?
a. 2Cl(g) Cl2(g)
b. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
c. 2H2O(aq) + 2Na(s) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
d. Cl2(g) 2Cl(g)
____ 79. Which branch of chemistry deals with the mass relationships of elements in compounds and the mass
relationships among reactants and products in chemical reactions?
a. qualitative analysis
c. chemical kinetics
b. entropy
d. stoichiometry
____ 80. What is the study of the mass relationships of elements in compounds?
a. reaction stoichiometry
c. percentage yield
b. composition stoichiometry
d. Avogadro's principle
____ 81. What is the study of the mass relationships among reactants and products in a chemical reaction?
a. reaction stoichiometry
c. electron configuration
b. composition stoichiometry
d. periodic law
____ 82. Which of the following would be investigated in reaction stoichiometry?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the masses of hydrogen and oxygen in water

the amount of energy released in chemical reactions
the mass of potassium required to produce a known mass of potassium chloride
the types of bonds that break and form when acids react with metals
____ 83. A determination of the masses and number of moles of sulfur and oxygen in the compound sulfur dioxide
would be studied in
a. reaction stoichiometry.
c. chemical equilibrium.
b. chemical kinetics.
d. composition stoichiometry.
____ 84. Which of the following would not be studied in the branch of chemistry called stoichiometry?
a. the mole ratio of aluminum and chlorine in aluminum chloride
b. the amount of energy required to break the ionic bonds in calcium fluoride
c. the mass of carbon produced when a known mass of sucrose decomposes
d. the number of moles of hydrogen that reacts completely with a known quantity of oxygen
____ 85. The coefficients in a chemical equation represent the
a. masses, in grams, of all reactants and products.
b. relative numbers of moles of reactants and products.
c. number of atoms in each compound in a reaction.
d. number of valence electrons involved in the reaction.
____ 86. A balanced chemical equation allows one to determine the
a. mole ratio of any two substances in the reaction.
b. energy released in the reaction.
c. electron configuration of all elements in the reaction.
d. mechanism involved in the reaction.
____ 87. Each of the four types of reaction stoichiometry problems requires using a
a. table of bond energies.
c. Lewis structure.
b. chart of electron configurations.
d. mole ratio.
____ 88. To balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the
a. coefficients.
c. formulas of the products.
b. subscripts.
d. number of products.
____ 89. A chemical equation is balanced when the
a. coefficients of the reactants equal the coefficients of the products.
b. same number of each kind of atom appears in the reactants and in the products.
c. products and reactants are the same chemicals.
d. subscripts of the reactants equal the subscripts of the products.
____ 90. Which equation is not balanced?
a.
b.
c.
d.
____ 91. Which coefficients correctly balance the formula

a. 1,2,2
c. 2,1,1
b. 1,1,2
d. 2,2,2
____ 92. When the formula equation
number
a. 3.
is correctly balanced the coefficient of Fe is

c. 7.
b. 2.
d. 9.
____ 93. If one knows the mole ratio of a reactant and product in a chemical reaction, one can
a. estimate the energy released in the reaction.
b. calculate the speed of the reaction.
c. calculate the mass of the product produced from a known mass of reactant.
d. decide whether the reaction is reversible.
____ 94. Given the equation
, the starting mass of A, and its molar mass, and you are asked to
determine the moles of C produced, your first step in solving the problem is the multiply the given mass of
A by
a.
c.
b.
d.
____ 95. In the chemical reaction represented by the equation wA + xB yC + zD, a comparison of the number of
moles of A to the number of moles of C would be a(n)
a. mass ratio.
c. electron ratio.
b. mole ratio.
d. energy proportion.
____ 96. In the chemical equation wA + xB yC + zD, if one knows the mass of A and the molar masses of A, B, C,
and D, one can determine
a. the mass of any of the reactants or products.
b. the mass of B only.
c. the total mass of C and D only.
d. the total mass of A and B only.
____ 97. In what kind of reaction do two or more substances combine to form a new compound?
c. double-displacement reaction
b. combustion reaction
d. synthesis reaction
____ 98. The units of molar mass are
a. g/mol.
b. mol/g.
c. amu/mol.
d. amu/g.
____ 99. If one knows the mass and molar mass of reactant A and the molar mass of product D in a chemical reaction,
one can determine the mass of product D produced by using the
a. mole ratio of D to A from the chemical equation.
b. group numbers of the elements of A and D in the periodic table.
c. estimated bond energies involved in the reaction.
d. electron configurations of the atoms in A and D.
____ 100. In the reaction represented by the equation N2 + 3H2 2NH3, what is the mole ratio of nitrogen to
ammonia?
a. 1:1
c. 1:3
b. 1:2
d. 2:3
____ 101. In the reaction represented by the equation 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2, what is the mole ratio of aluminum to
oxygen?
a. 10:6
c. 2:3
b. 3:4
d. 4:3
____ 102. In the reaction represented by the equation C + 2H2 CH4, what is the mole ratio of hydrogen to methane?
a. 1:1
c. 1:2
b. 2:1
d. 2:4
____ 103. In the reaction represented by the equation N2 + 3H2 2NH3, what is the mole ratio of hydrogen to
ammonia?
a. 1:1
c. 3:2
b. 2:1
d. 6:8
____ 104. The Haber process for producing ammonia commercially is represented by the equation N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NH3(g). To completely convert 9.0 mol hydrogen gas to ammonia gas, how many moles of nitrogen gas
are required?
a. 1.0 mol
c. 3.0 mol
b. 2.0 mol
d. 6.0 mol
____ 105. In the equation 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2, how many moles of oxygen are produced when 3.0 mol of KClO3
decompose completely?
a. 1.0 mol
c. 3.0 mol
b. 2.5 mol
d. 4.5 mol
____ 106. For the reaction represented by the equation C + 2H2 CH4, how many moles of hydrogen are required to
produce 10 mol of methane, CH4?
a. 2 mol
c. 10 mol
b. 4 mol
d. 20 mol
____ 107. For the reaction represented by the equation 2H2 + O2 2H2O, how many moles of water can be produced
from 6.0 mol of oxygen?
a. 2.0 mol
c. 12 mol
b. 6.0 mol
d. 18 mol
____ 108. For the reaction represented by the equation N2 + 3H2 2NH3, how many moles of nitrogen are required to
produce 18 mol of ammonia?
a. 9.0 mol
c. 27 mol
b. 18 mol
d. 36 mol
____ 109. For the reaction represented by the equation AgNO3 + NaCl NaNO3 + AgCl, how many moles of silver
chloride, AgCl, are produced from 7.0 mol of silver nitrate AgNO3?
a. 1.0 mol
c. 7.0 mol
b. 2.3 mol
d. 21 mol
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Element
Bromine
Calcium
Carbon
Chlorine
Cobalt
Copper
Fluorine
Hydrogen
Symbol
Br
Ca
C
Cl
Co
Cu
F
H
Atomic Mass
79.90
40.08
12.01
35.45
58.93
63.55
19.00
1.01
Iodine
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Mercury
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Potassium
Sodium
Sulfur
I
Fe
Pb
Mg
Hg
N
O
K
Na
S
126.90
55.85
207.2
24.30
200.59
14.01
15.00
39.10
22.99
32.01
____ 110. For the reaction represented by the equation 2H2 + O2 2H2O, how many grams of water are produced
from 6.00 mol of hydrogen?
a. 2.00 g
c. 54.0 g
b. 6.00 g
d. 108 g
____ 111. For the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2, how many grams of sodium
hydroxide are produced from 3.0 mol of sodium with an excess of water?
a. 40. g
c. 120 g
b. 80. g
d. 240 g
____ 112. For the reaction represented by the equation SO3 + H2O H2SO4, how many grams of sulfur trioxide are
required to produce 4.00 mol of sulfuric acid in an excess of water?
a. 80.0 g
c. 240. g
b. 160. g
d. 320. g
____ 113. For the reaction represented by the equation 2Fe + O2 2FeO, how many grams of iron(II) oxide are
produced from 8.00 mol of iron in an excess of oxygen?
a. 71.8 g
c. 712 g
b. 575 g
d. 1310 g
____ 114. For the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl, how many grams of chlorine gas are
required to react completely with 2.00 mol of sodium?
a. 35.5 g
c. 141.8 g
b. 70.9 g
d. 212.7 g
____ 115. For the reaction represented by the equation 2HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 Mg(NO3)2 + 2H2O, how many grams of
magnesium nitrate are produced from 8.00 mol of nitric acid, HNO3, and an excess of Mg(OH)2?
a. 148 g
c. 593 g
b. 445 g
d. 818 g
____ 116. For the reaction represented by the equation CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O, how many moles of carbon dioxide
are produced from the combustion of 100. g of methane?
a. 6.23 mol
c. 12.5 mol
b. 10.8 mol
d. 25 mol
____ 117. For the reaction represented by the equation Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI PbI2 + 2KNO3, how many moles of lead(II)
iodide are produced from 300. g of potassium iodide and an excess of Pb(NO3)2?
a. 0.904 mol
c. 3.61 mol
b. 1.81 mol
d. 11.0 mol
____ 118. For the reaction represented by the equation Cl2 + 2KBr 2KCl + Br2, how many moles of potassium
chloride are produced from 119 g of potassium bromide?
a. 0.119 mol
c. 0.581 mol
b. 0.236 mol
d. 1.00 mol
____ 119. For the reaction represented by the equation 3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2, how many moles of iron(III) oxide
are produced from 500. g of iron in an excess of H2O?
a. 1.04 mol
c. 8.95 mol
b. 2.98 mol
d. 12.98 mol
____ 120. For the reaction represented by the equation 2KlO3 2KCl + 3O2, how many moles of potassium chlorate
are required to produce 250. g of oxygen?
a. 2.00 mol
c. 4.97 mol
b. 4.32 mol
d. 5.21 mol
____ 121. Ozone, O3, is produced by the reaction represented by the following equation:
What mass of ozone will form from the reaction of 2.0 g of NO2 in a car's exhaust and excess oxygen?
a. 1.1 g O3
c. 2.1 g O3
b. 1.8 g O3
d. 4.2 g O3
____ 122. For the reaction represented by the equation Cl2 + 2KBr 2KCl + Br2, how many grams of potassium
chloride can be produced from 300. g each of chlorine and potassium bromide?
a. 98.7 g
c. 188 g
b. 111 g
d. 451 g
____ 123. For the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2, how many grams of hydrogen are
produced if 120. g of sodium and 80. g of water are available?
a. 4.5 g
c. 80. g
b. 45 g
d. 200 g
____ 124. For the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl, how many grams of sodium chloride can
be produced from 500. g each of sodium and chlorine?
a. 112 g
c. 409 g
b. 319 g
d. 824 g
____ 125. For the reaction represented by the equation SO3 + H2O H2SO4, how many grams of sulfuric acid can be
produced from 200. g of sulfur trioxide and 100. g of water?
a. 100. g
c. 245 g
b. 200. g
d. 285 g
____ 126. Which reactant controls the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction?
a. excess reactant
c. composition reactant
b. mole ratio
d. limiting reactant
____ 127. A chemical reaction involving substances A and B stops when B is completely used. B is the
a. excess reactant.
c. primary reactant.
b. limiting reactant.
d. primary product.
____ 128. When the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction is completely used, the
a. excess reactants begin combining.
c. reaction speeds up.
b. reaction slows down.
d. reaction stops.
____ 129. To determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction, one must know the
a. available amount of one of the reactants. c. available amount of each reactant.
b. amount of product formed.
d. speed of the reaction.
____ 130. To determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction involving known masses of A and B, one could
first calculate
a. the mass of 100 mol of A and B.
b. the masses of all products.
c. the bond energies of A and B.
d. the number of moles of B and the number of moles of A available.
____ 131. After calculating the amount of reactant B required to completely react with A, then comparing that amount
with the amount of B available, one can determine the
a. limiting reactant.
c. energy released in the reaction.
b. rate of the reaction.
d. pathway of the reaction.
____ 132. What is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100%?
a. mole ratio
c. Avogadro yield
b. percentage yield
d. excess yield
____ 133. What is the measured amount of a product obtained from a chemical reaction?
a. mole ratio
c. theoretical yield
b. percentage yield
d. actual yield
____ 134. In most chemical reactions the amount of product obtained is
a. equal to the theoretical yield.
c. more than the theoretical yield.
b. less than the theoretical yield.
d. more than the percentage yield.
____ 135. What is the maximum possible amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction?
a. theoretical yield
c. mole ratio
b. percentage yield
d. actual yield
____ 136. A chemist interested in the efficiency of a chemical reaction would calculate the
a. mole ratio.
c. percentage yield.
b. energy released.
d. rate of reaction.
____ 137. If the percentage yield is equal to 100%, then
a. the actual yield is greater than the theoretical yield.
b. the actual yield is equal to the theoretical yield.
c. the actual yield is less than the theoretical yield.
d. there was no limiting reactant.
____ 138. For the reaction represented by the equation SO3 + H2O H2SO4, calculate the percentage yield if 500. g of
sulfur trioxide react with excess water to produce 575 g of sulfuric acid.
a. 82.7%
c. 91.2%
b. 88.3%
d. 93.9%
____ 139. For the reaction represented by the equation Cl2 + 2KBr 2KCl + Br2, calculate the percentage yield if
200. g of chlorine react with excess potassium bromide to produce 410. g of bromine.
a. 73.4%
c. 91.0%
b. 82.1%
d. 98.9%
____ 140. For the reaction represented by the equation CH4 + 2O2 2H2O + CO2, calculate the percentage yield of
carbon dioxide if 1000. g of methane react with excess oxygen to produce 2300. g of carbon dioxide.
a. 83.88%
b. 89.14%
c. 92.76%
d. 96.78%
____ 141. For the reaction represented by the equation Mg + 2HCl H2 + MgCl2, calculate the percentage yield of
magnesium chloride if 100. g of magnesium react with excess hydrochloric acid to yield 330. g of
magnesium chloride.
a. 71.8%
c. 81.6%
b. 74.3%
d. 84.2%
Completion
Complete each statement.
142. In writing a formula equation for a reaction that produces hydrogen gas, the correct representation of
hydrogen gas is ____________________.
143. In a chemical equation, the symbol ? over the reaction arrow signifies that the reactants are
____________________.
144. In the chemical equation 2AlCl3(aq) + 3Pb(NO3)2 (aq) 3PbCl2(s) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq),
the state of PbCl2 is a(n) ____________________.
145. In the chemical reaction represented by the equation 2Cr(s) + 3O2(g) 2CrO3(s), two chromium atoms
combine with ____________________ oxygen atoms.
146. When the formula equation CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + Cu(s) is correctly balanced, the
coefficient of CuSO4(aq) is ____________________.
147. The reaction represented by the equation 2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g) is classified as a(n)
____________________ reaction.
148. The reaction represented by the equation Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq) is classified as a(n)
____________________ reaction.
149. When placed in water, a metal more active than hydrogen will form two substances, a metal hydroxide and
____________________ gas.
150. Reaction stoichiometry is based on ____________________.
151. The proportions of the reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction are shown by the
____________________ in the balanced chemical equation describing the reaction.
152. The expression below converts the quantity, mass HCl, to the quantity, ____________________.
153. The unit of the following expression is ____________________.
154. The expression below converts the quantity, mass HCL, to the quantity, ____________________.
155. If two moles of each reactant are available for the reaction described by the following equation,
, ____________________ is the substance that is the limiting
reactant.
156. If four moles of each reactant are available for the reaction described by the following equation,
____________________ is the substance that is the excess reactant.
157. The efficiency of a reaction is described by the ____________________ yield.
158. Unwanted reactions that can use up reactants without making the desired products are called
____________________ reactions.
Short Answer
159. Use a word equation to describe the chemical reaction that takes place when an iron can rust.
160. Consider the reaction represented by the equation 4CuO(s) + CH4(g)
4Cu(s) + CO2(g) + 2H2O(g).
Describe this reaction in terms of states of matter and the conditions required for the reaction to happen.
161. When balancing a chemical equation, why must the formula subscripts remain unchanged?
162. Consider the reaction represented by the equation 2Al(s) + 3ZnCl2(aq) ?. Briefly explain how the activity
series is used to predict the outcome and products of the reaction.
163. Explain the difference between composition stoichiometry and reaction stoichiometry.
164. Explain why the conversion factor
cannot be used for the reaction represented by the
equation
165. Why should you use moles in stoichiometric problems?
166. Why must a chemical equation be balanced to solve stoichiometry problems?
167. Determine the maximum number of moles of product that can be produced from 7.0 mol Al and 8.0 mol Cl 2
according to the equation 2Al + 3Cl2
2 AlCl3.
Describe in words the method used. Then show the calculation(s).
168. Determine the number of moles of N2 that are required to produce 12 mol of NH3 using the equation N2 +
3H2
2NH3. Describe in words the method used. Then show the calculation.
169. Explain the difference between a limiting reactant and an excess reactant.
170. Describe a way to determine which reactant in a chemical reaction is the limiting reactant.
171. Comparing limiting and excess reactants, explain why the flame would go out in the Bunsen burner shown
below if either of the indicated valves were tightened too much.
172. Explain why the limiting reactant may not be used completely to produce the products of a reaction when
the percentage yield for a reaction is 70%.
173. Explain why it is false to say that the limiting reactant is the reactant that is present in the smaller amount.
174. How does the actual yield of a chemical reaction compare to the theoretical yield?
175. The equation for the burning of gasoline shows that carbon dioxide, water, and energy are the only products,
yet burning gasoline in cars causes air pollution. What information that accounts for the pollutants does the
equation not reveal?
176. Give at least three reasons why the actual yield of a chemical reaction could be less than the theoretical
yield.
Essay
177. The two chemical equations below appear to describe the same chemical reaction. Explain how the two
reactions are different from each other. Hypothesize any differences you might be able to observe in these
two reactions represented by the following equations.
Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
Mg(l) + 2H2O(g) Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
178. Consider the equation O2(g) + CS2(l) CO2(g) + SO2(g). How does the equation violate the law of
conservation of mass? How can the equation be rewritten to conform to the law of conservation of mass?
179. List the four types of reaction stoichiometry problems and briefly describe how to solve each one.
180. Describe the steps necessary to solve a mass-mass stoichiometry problem.
181. Explain the effect of limiting and excess reactants in an automobile engine that stalls.
Problem
182. Write a balanced chemical equation for the following reaction: iron plus copper(I) nitrate yields iron(II)
nitrate plus copper.
183. Write a balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of liquid phosphorus trichloride, PCl3, from white
phosphorus, P4, and chlorine gas.
184. Tell what type of chemical reaction is represented by the following formula equation. Then balance the
equation.
C3H8(g) + O2(g)
CO2(g) + H2O(l)
equation.
Ga(s) + S(s)
Ga2S3(s)
equation.
KBr(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)
KOH(aq) + MgBr2(aq)
187. Use the activity series to determine if the following reaction is possible. If it is possible, write the products
and balance the equation. If not, explain.
4Cr(s) + 3O2(g)
2Sb + 6HCl
2K(s) + ZnCl2(aq)
190. Sulfur in gasoline can produce sulfuric acid, H2SO4, according to the two-step process shown below. For
each 125 g of sulfur in gasoline, how many moles of H2SO4 will be produced?
191. Given the reaction represented by the equation Mg + 2HCl

H2 + MgCl2, determine to two decimal
places the molar masses of all substances involved. Then write the molar masses as conversion factors.
192. What mass is grams of potassium chloride is produced if 100. g of potassium chlorate decompose according
to the following equation?
193. What mass of PCl3 forms in the reaction of 75.0 g P4 with 275 g Cl2 ?
194. What mass in grams of sodium hydroxide is produced if 20.0 g of sodium metal react with excess water
according to the chemical equation 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)?
195. What mass in grams of 1-chloropropane (C3H7Cl) is produced if 400. g of propane react with excess
chlorine gas according to the equation C3H8 + Cl2 C3H7Cl + HCl?
196. What mass in grams of hydrogen gas is produced if 20.0 mol of Zn are added to excess hydrochloric acid
according to the equation Zn(s) +2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g )?
197. How many grams of ammonium sulfate can be produced if 30.0 mol of H2SO4 react with excess NH3
according to the equation 2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)?
198. How many moles of Ag can be produced if 350. g of Cu are reacted with excess AgNO3 according to the
equation Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)?
199. The reaction of 100. g of salicylic acid, C7H6O3, with excess acetic anhydride produces 50.0 g of aspirin,
C9H8O4, according to the equation below. What is the percentage yield for this reaction?
200. In the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, the percentage yield of oxygen is 93.0%. What is the actual
yield in grams of oxygen if you start with 100. g of H2O2? The reaction proceeds according to the equation
.
201. In the reaction represented by the equation 2NH3 + CO2
CO(NH2)2 + H20, 30.7 g of CO(NH2)2 forms
per 1.00 mol of CO2 that reacts when NH3 is in excess. What is the percentage yield?
grade 11 chem
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
OBJ:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ:
6. ANS:
OBJ:
7. ANS:
OBJ:
8. ANS:
OBJ:
9. ANS:
OBJ:
10. ANS:
OBJ:
11. ANS:
OBJ:
12. ANS:
OBJ:
13. ANS:
OBJ:
14. ANS:
OBJ:
15. ANS:
OBJ:
16. ANS:
OBJ:
17. ANS:
OBJ:
18. ANS:
OBJ:
19. ANS:
OBJ:
20. ANS:
OBJ:
21. ANS:
OBJ:
A
1
D
1
A
1
B
2
C
2
D
2
A
2
D
2
B
2
B
3
B
3
C
3
B
3
C
3
C
3
C
3
D
4
B
4
D
4
B
4
C
4
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
22. ANS:
OBJ:
23. ANS:
OBJ:
24. ANS:
OBJ:
25. ANS:
OBJ:
26. ANS:
OBJ:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
OBJ:
29. ANS:
OBJ:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
31. ANS:
OBJ:
32. ANS:
OBJ:
33. ANS:
OBJ:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
35. ANS:
OBJ:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
OBJ:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
39. ANS:
OBJ:
40. ANS:
OBJ:
41. ANS:
OBJ:
42. ANS:
OBJ:
43. ANS:
OBJ:
44. ANS:
OBJ:
45. ANS:
OBJ:
46. ANS:
B
4
D
4
D
1
B
1
A
1
D
1
C
1
A
1
C
1
B
1
A
2
C
2
D
2
A
2
B
2
C
2
C
3
A
3
B
3
D
3
A
3
D
3
B
3
D
3
A
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
OBJ:
47. ANS:
OBJ:
48. ANS:
OBJ:
49. ANS:
OBJ:
50. ANS:
OBJ:
51. ANS:
OBJ:
52. ANS:
OBJ:
53. ANS:
OBJ:
54. ANS:
OBJ:
55. ANS:
OBJ:
56. ANS:
OBJ:
57. ANS:
OBJ:
58. ANS:
OBJ:
59. ANS:
OBJ:
60. ANS:
OBJ:
61. ANS:
OBJ:
62. ANS:
OBJ:
63. ANS:
OBJ:
64. ANS:
OBJ:
65. ANS:
OBJ:
66. ANS:
OBJ:
67. ANS:
OBJ:
68. ANS:
OBJ:
69. ANS:
OBJ:
70. ANS:
OBJ:
3
B
3
C
4
D
4
A
4
B
4
A
4
C
4
B
4
D
4
A
4
B
4
B
5
A
5
C
5
D
5
D
5
A
5
B
5
B
1
C
1
B
1
A
1
D
1
C
1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
71. ANS:
OBJ:
72. ANS:
OBJ:
73. ANS:
OBJ:
74. ANS:
OBJ:
75. ANS:
OBJ:
76. ANS:
OBJ:
77. ANS:
OBJ:
78. ANS:
OBJ:
79. ANS:
OBJ:
80. ANS:
OBJ:
81. ANS:
OBJ:
82. ANS:
OBJ:
83. ANS:
OBJ:
84. ANS:
OBJ:
85. ANS:
OBJ:
86. ANS:
OBJ:
87. ANS:
OBJ:
88. ANS:
OBJ:
89. ANS:
OBJ:
90. ANS:
OBJ:
91. ANS:
OBJ:
92. ANS:
OBJ:
93. ANS:
OBJ:
94. ANS:
OBJ:
B
1
B
2
A
2
D
2
A
2
D
2
A
2
C
2
D
1
B
1
A
1
C
1
D
1
B
1
B
1
A
2
D
2
A
2
B
2
D
2
D
2
D
2
C
2
C
2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
95. ANS: B
OBJ: 2
96. ANS: A
OBJ: 2
97. ANS: D
OBJ: 2
98. ANS: A
OBJ: 3
99. ANS: A
OBJ: 3
100. ANS: B
OBJ: 3
101. ANS: D
OBJ: 3
102. ANS: B
OBJ: 3
103. ANS: C
OBJ: 3
104. ANS: C
OBJ: 3
105. ANS: D
OBJ: 3
106. ANS: D
OBJ: 3
107. ANS: C
OBJ: 3
108. ANS: A
OBJ: 3
109. ANS: C
OBJ: 1
110. ANS: D
Solution:
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 2
PTS: 1
111. ANS: C
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
112. ANS: D
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
113. ANS: B
Solution:
PTS: 1
114. ANS: B
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
115. ANS: C
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
116. ANS: A
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
117. ANS: A
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
118. ANS: D
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
119. ANS: B
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
120. ANS: D
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
121. ANS: C
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
122. ANS: C
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 4
Since Cl2 would produce the most KCl, KBr is the limiting reactant, thus 188 G KCl is produced.
PTS: 1
123. ANS: A
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 4
Since Na would produce the most H2, H2O is the limiting reactant, thus 4.5 g H2 is produced.
PTS: 1
124. ANS: D
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 4
Since Na would produce the most NaCl, Cl2 is the limiting reactant, thus 824 g NaCl is produced.
PTS: 1
125. ANS: C
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 2
OBJ: 4
Since H2O would produce the most H2SO4, SO3 is the limiting reactant, thus 245 g H2SO4 is produced.
PTS: 1
126. ANS: D
OBJ: 1
127. ANS: B
OBJ: 1
128. ANS: D
OBJ: 1
129. ANS: C
OBJ: 1
130. ANS: D
OBJ: 1
131. ANS: A
OBJ: 1
132. ANS: B
OBJ: 3
133. ANS: D
OBJ: 3
134. ANS: B
OBJ: 3
135. ANS: A
OBJ: 3
136. ANS: C
OBJ: 3
137. ANS: B
OBJ: 3
138. ANS: D
Solution:
DIF: III
PTS: 1
REF: 2
DIF: I
OBJ: 4
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
PTS: 1
139. ANS: C
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 4
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 4
140. ANS: A
Solution:
PTS: 1
141. ANS: D
Solution:
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 4
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 4
PTS: 1
143. ANS: heated
DIF: I
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
144. ANS: solid
DIF: I
REF: 1
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
145. ANS: six
DIF: I
REF: 1
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
146. ANS: 3
DIF: I
REF: 2
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
147. ANS: decomposition
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: II
148. ANS: displacement
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
PTS: 1
149. ANS: hydrogen
REF: 3
OBJ: 4
COMPLETION
142. ANS: H2(g)
DIF: II
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 3
OBJ: 4
150. ANS: balanced chemical equations and the law of conservation of mass
PTS: 1
151. ANS: coefficients
DIF: I
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
152. ANS: mol Cl2
DIF: I
REF: 1
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
153. ANS: mol H2O
DIF: II
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
154. ANS: mass Cl2
DIF: II
REF: 2
OBJ: 4
PTS: 1
155. ANS: carbon (C)
DIF: I
REF: 2
OBJ: 4
PTS: 1
DIF: I
156. ANS: silicon dioxide (SiO2)
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
157. ANS: percentage
DIF: I
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
158. ANS: side
DIF: I
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
DIF: I
REF: 3
OBJ: 4
PTS: 1
SHORT ANSWER
159. ANS:
iron + oxygen iron(III) oxide (rust)
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
OBJ: 2
160. ANS:
Solid CuO and gaseous CH4 are combined and heated. The products are solid copper, carbon dioxide gas,
and water vapor.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
OBJ: 3
161. ANS:
Changing the subscript in a formula changes the chemical composition of the compound.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
162. ANS:
In the activity series, aluminum is more active than zinc. Aluminum will replace zinc forming aluminum
chloride and leaving zinc metal.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
163. ANS:
Composition stoichiometry has to do with the mass relationships in compounds, while reaction
stoichiometry deals with mass relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
164. ANS:
This conversion factor uses coefficients to compare mass directly. Ratios of moles must be used to solve
stoichiometry problems.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
OBJ: 2
165. ANS:
Moles are used because the coefficients in a balanced equation show the number of moles of reactants and
products in a chemical reaction.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 1
OBJ: 2
166. ANS:
Only a balanced equation reveals the correct mole ratios of the reacting substances.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
OBJ: 2
167. ANS:
Find the limiting reagent first. Assume that the other reactant is in excess when you calculate the moles of
product formed from the first reactant. The reactant that gives the smaller amount of product is limiting. It
gives the maximum amount of product for the reaction. Set up mole ratios and make them equal to each
other.
This means that chlorine is limiting.

PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
OBJ: 3
168. ANS:
Mole ratios are necessary here. The balanced equation gives us a 1:2 ratio between nitrogen and ammonia.
Since the product of the means equals the product of the extremes,
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
OBJ: 3
169. ANS:
In a reaction that goes to completion, a limiting reactant is used up, and an excess reactant is not used up.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
170. ANS:
The given amounts of reactants are used to calculate the amount of one of the products that could be
produced under ideal conditions. The lesser amount of product is the maximum amount that could be
formed, and the reactant that gives this lesser amount is the limiting reactant.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
171. ANS:
If the air is restricted, oxygen becomes the limiting reactant. If the gas is restricted, it becomes the limiting
reactant. Either way, the removal of any reactant will cause the reaction to cease.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
172. ANS:
30% of the expected product(s) is not produced. Therefore, 30% of the limiting reactant must be part of side
reactions.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
173. ANS:
It is false to say this because the statement does not take into account the coefficients of the reactants in the
balanced equation. For example, you can start with a larger amount in grams of one reactant, but if the mole
ratio requires that reactant to be present in a larger molar amount relative to another reactant, then the
reactant present in a large amount in grams could be the limiting reactant.
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
174. ANS:
The actual yield is always less than the theoretical yield.
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
175. ANS:
The equation for the burning of gasoline shows only the main reaction. Products from several side reactions
cause pollution.
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
176. ANS:
The actual yield could be less than a theoretical yield for these reasons: reactants may form by-products in
competing side reactions, reactants may contain impurities, and reactions may not go to completion.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
ESSAY
177. ANS:
The conditions under which the two reactions take place are different. In one case, solid magnesium is
added to liquid water, while in the other case, liquid magnesium reacts with gaseous water (perhaps steam).
Although the products are the same in each case, one might expect the second reaction to proceed more
rapidly than the first because of the higher temperature of the water (steam) and the breaking of the crystal
lattice in magnesium.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
OBJ: 3
178. ANS:
In the equation shown, there are more oxygen atoms in the products than in the reactants and more sulfur
atoms in the reactants than in the products. Both conditions violate the law of conservation of mass. The
equation is balanced as follows: 3O2 + CS2 CO2 +2SO2.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
179. ANS:
For all types, start with a balanced chemical equation.
In the first type, both given and unknown quantities are expressed in moles. There is one conversion factor
used to solve it.
In the second type, the given quantity is expressed in moles and the unknown is in grams. Two conversion
factors are needed.
The third type has a given quantity in grams and an unknown amount in moles. This type of problem also
requires two conversion factors.
The last type has both the given and the unknown as masses. Three conversion factors are needed.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 1
OBJ: 2
180. ANS:
Write a balanced chemical equation. Convert grams of the given substance to moles, using the molar mass.
Find moles of the substance sought, using the mole ratio for the two substances in the balanced chemical
equation. Convert moles of the substance sought to grams using the molar mass.
PTS: 1
DIF: I
REF: 2
OBJ: 4
181. ANS:
In a properly running engine, air and gasoline are mixed in correct proportions. When air is the limiting
reactant, the engine floods with gas and will not run. When gas is the limiting reactant, the engine stalls
because the amount of fuel burned is not sufficient to run the engine.
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
PROBLEM
182. ANS:
Fe(s) + 2CuNO3(aq) Fe(NO3)2(aq) + 2Cu(s)
PTS: 1
DIF: II
183. ANS:
P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) 4PCl3(l)
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
184. ANS:
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
DIF: II
combustion, C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)

PTS: 1
185. ANS:
3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
DIF: III
synthesis, 2Ga(s) + 3S(s)
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
Ga2S3(s)
PTS: 1
DIF: II
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
186. ANS:
double-displacement, 2KBr(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)
2KOH(aq) + MgBr2(aq)
PTS: 1
DIF: III
187. ANS:
reaction will occur, 4Cr(s) + 3O2(g)
REF: 2
OBJ: 2
2Cr2O3(s)
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
188. ANS:
no reaction; Antimony is not highly active and will not replace hydrogen in an acid.
PTS: 1
DIF: III
189. ANS:
reaction will occur, 2K(s) + ZnCl2(aq)
PTS: 1
190. ANS:
3.90 mol H2SO4
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
2KCl(aq) + Zn(s)
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: III
REF: 2
191. ANS:
Mg: 24.30 g/mol; HCl: 36.46 g/mol; H2 : 2.02 g/mol; MgCl2.
95.20 g/mol.
OBJ: 2
OBJ: 2
Conversion factors:
PTS: 1
192. ANS:
60.8 g KCl
DIF: II
PTS: 1
DIF: III
193. ANS:
Assuming that P4 is the limiting reagent:
REF: 2
OBJ: 4
REF: 2
OBJ: 4
Assuming that Cl2 is the limiting reagent:
Since the smaller amount of product is formed from P4, it is the limiting reagent. The mass of product
formed is:
PTS: 1
194. ANS:
34.8 g NaOH
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
PTS: 1
195. ANS:
712 g C3H7Cl
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
196. ANS:
40.4 g H2
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
197. ANS:
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
3960 g (NH4)2SO4
PTS: 1
198. ANS:
11.0 mol Ag
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
199. ANS:
DIF: III
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
PTS: 1
200. ANS:
DIF: II
REF: 3
OBJ: 4
PTS: 1
DIF: II
201. ANS:
First find the theoretical yield:
REF: 3
OBJ: 4
REF: 3
OBJ: 4
PTS: 1
DIF: III
Student Edition Solutions
Two-Dimensional Motion
and Vectors
Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Section 1 Review
Givens
2. x1 = 85 m
d2 = 45 m
q2 = 30.0
Solutions
Students should use graphical techniques. Their answers can be checked using the
techniques presented in Section 2. Answers may vary.
x2 = d2(cos q2) = (45 m)(cos 30.0) = 39 m
y2 = d2(sin q2) = (45 m)(sin 30.0) = 22 m
xtot = x1 + x2 = 85 m + 39 m = 124 m
ytot = y2 = 22 m
xt
)2
+(
yt
)2 = (1
m
)2
+(22
m
)2
d = (

24

ot
ot
d = 15
m2+
m2 = 15
m2 = 126 m
400

480

900

ytot
22 m
= tan1 = (1.0 101) above the horizontal
q = tan1
xtot
124 m
3. vy, 1 = 2.50 102 km/h
Students should use graphical techniques.
v2 = 75 km/h
vx,2 = v2(cos q2) = (75 km/h)[cos (45)] = 53 km/h
q2 = 45
vy,2 = v2(sin q2) = (75 km/h)[sin (45)] = 53 km/h

vy,tot = vy,1 + vy,2 = 2.50 102 km/h 53 km/h = 197 km/h
vx,tot = vs,2 = 53 km/h
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
2
2
vy,to
)2
+(1
)2
v = (v
x,to
(

3km
/h

97
km
/h

t)+
t) = (5
v = 28
00
km
2/h2+3880
0km
2/h2 = 41
600
km
2/h2 = 204 km/h

v tot
204 km/h
q = tan1 y,
= tan1 = 75 north of east
vx,tot
53 km/h
2.50 102 km/h
4. vy,1 =
2
= 125 km/h
vx,2 = 53 km/h
vy,2 = 53 km/h

vy,dr = vy,1 + vy,2 = 125 km/h 53 km/h = 72 km/h
vx,dr = vx,2 = 53 km/h
2
)2
=vy,d
)2
+ (7
)2
v = (v
x,dr

3km
/h

2km
/h

r) = (5
v = 28
03km
00
km
2/h2+520
0km
2/h2 = 8.
01
2/h2 = 89 km/h

vy dr
72 km/h
q = tan1 ,
53 km/h
vx,dr
Section OneStudent Edition Solutions
I Ch. 31
Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Practice A
Givens
Solutions
1. x1 = 8 km east
x1 = 8 km
x2 = 3 km west = 3km, east
a. d = x1 + x2 + x3 = 8 km + 3 km + 12 km = 23 km
b. xtot = x1 + x2 + x3 = 8 km + (3 km) + 12 km = 17 km east
x2 = 3 km
x3 = 12 km east
x3 = 12 km
y = 0 km
2. x = 7.5 m
y = 45.0 m
d=
x2
+

y 2 = (7
m
)2
+(45
m
)2

.5

.0
d = 56
m2+
m2 = 45.6 m

202
0m
2 = 20
80

Measuring direction with respect to y (north),

x
7.5 m
q = tan1 = tan1 = 9.5 east of due north
y
45.0 m
3. x = 6.0 m
y = 14.5 m
d=
y2 = (6
m
)2
+(14
m
)2
x2+
.0

.5
d = 36
m2+
m2 = 24

2.1
0102
6m
2 = 15.7 m
Measuring direction with respect to the length of the field (down the field),

x
6.0 m
q = tan1 = tan1 = 22 to the side of downfield
y
14.5 m
y = 1.4 m
d=
y2 = (1
m
)2
+
(1.
)2
x2+
.2

4m
d = 1.
m2 = 3.
4m
2+2.0

4m
2 = 1.8 m

y
1.4 m
q = tan1 = tan1 = 49 = 49 below the horizontal
x
1.2 m
Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Practice B

1. v = 105 km/h
vx = v(cos q ) = (105 km/h)(cos 25) = 95 km/h
q = 25
2. v = 105 km/h
vy = v(sin q ) = (105 km/h)(sin 25) = 44 km/h
q = 25
3. v = 22 m/s
vx = v(cos q ) = (22 m/s)(cos 15) = 21 m/s
q = 15
vy = v(sin q ) = (22 m/s)(sin 15) = 5.7 m/s
4. d = 5 m
q = 90
I Ch. 32
x = d(cos q) = (5 m)(cos 90) = 0 m

y = d(sin q) = (5 m)(sin 90) =
Holt Physics Solution Manual
5m
4. x = 1.2 m
Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Practice C
Givens
1. d1 = 35 m
Solutions
x1 = d1(cos q1) = (35 m)(cos 0.0) = 35 m
q1 = 0.0
y1 = d1(sin q1) = (35 m)(sin 0.0) = 0.0 m
d2 = 15 m
x2 = d2(cos q2 ) = (15 m)(cos 25) = 14 m
q2 = 25
y2 = d2(sin q2 ) = (15 m)(sin 25) = 6.3 m
xtot = x1 + x2 = 35 m + 14 m = 49 m
ytot = y1 + y2 = 0.0 m + 6.3 m = 6.3 m
xtot
)2
+(
ytot
)2 = (4
)2
+(6.
)2
dtot = (

9m

3m

dtot = 24
m2+
m2 = 49 m
00

40m
2 = 24
00

ytot
6.3 m
= tan1 = 7.3 to the right of downfield
qtot = tan1
xtot
49 m
2. d1 = 2.5 km
x1 = d1(cos q1) = (2.5 km)(cos 35) = 2.0 km
q1 = 35
y1 = d1(sin q1) = (2.5 km)(sin 35) = 1.4 km
d2 = 5.2 km
x2 = d2(cos q2) = (5.2 km)(cos 22) = 4.8 km
q2 = 22
y2 = d2(sin q2) = (5.2 km)(sin 22) = 1.9 km

xtot = x1 + x2 = 2.0 km + 4.8 km = 6.8 km
ytot = y1 + y2 = 1.4 km + 1.9 km = 3.3 km
xt
)2
+(
yt
)2 = (6
)2
+(3.
)2
dtot = (

.8
km

3km

ot
ot
dtot = 46
km2
11 k
m2 = 57

km
2 = 7.5 km

3.3 km
ytot
qtot = tan1
= tan1 = 26 above the horizontal
6.8 km
xtot
3. d1 = 8.0 m
Measuring direction with respect to x = (east),
q1 = 90.0
x1 = d1(cos q1) = (8.0 m)(cos 90.0) = 0.0 m
d2 = 3.5 m
y1 = d1(sin q1) = (8.0 m)(sin 90.0) = 8.0 m
q2 = 55
x2 = d2(cos q2) = (3.5 m)(cos 55) = 2.0 m
d3 = 5.0 m
y2 = d2(sin q2) = (3.5 m)(sin 55) = 2.9 m
q3 = 0.0
x3 = d3(cos q3) = (5.0 m)(cos 0.0) = 5.0 m

y3 = d3(sin q3) = (5.0 m)(sin 0.0) = 0.0 m
xtot = x1 + x2 + x3 = 0.0 m + 2.0 m + 5.0 m = 7.0 m
ytot = y1 + y2 + y3 = 8.0 m + 2.9 m + 0.0 m = 10.9 m
2
2
+ (y
m
)2
+(10
m
)2
dtot = (x

.0

.9

tot)
tot) = (7
dtot = 49
m2+
m2 = 16

119

8m
2 = 13.0 m

ytot
10.9 m
qtot = tan1
xtot
7.0 m
I Ch. 33
Givens
Solutions
4. d1 = 75 km
Measuring direction with respect to y (north),
q1 = 30.0
x1 = d1(sin q1) = (75 km)(sin 30.0) = 38 km
d2 = 155 km
y1 = d1(cos q1) = (75 km)(cos 30.0) = 65 km
q2 = 60.0
x2 = d2(sin q2) = (155 km)(sin 60.0) = 134 km

y2 = d2(cos q2) = (155 km)(cos 60.0) = 77.5 km
xtot = x1 + x2 = 38 km + 134 km = 96 km
ytot = y1 + y2 = 65 km + 77.5 km = 142 km
dtot =
(
xt
)2
+(

yt
)2 = (96
km
)2 + (1
42 km)2 = 9200
m2 + 2
0 200 k
m2

k
ot
ot
dtot = 29
400
km2 = 171 km

96 km
xtot
q = tan1
= tan1 = 34 east of north
142 km
ytot

2
a. v = vx2+
m/s
)2
=(5.
)2
v
.0

0m
/s

y = (3
2. vx = 3.0 m/s
vy = 5.0 m/s
v = 9.
s2
+25m
s2 = 34
m2/
s2 = 5.8 m/s
0m
2/
2/
vy
5.0 m/s
q = tan1 = tan1 = 59 downriver from its intended path
vx
3.0 m/s
2
m/s
b. v = vx2+
v
.0

)2+(6.
0m
/s
)2
y = (1
vx = 1.0 m/s
vy = 6.0 m/s
v = 1.
s2
+36m
s2 = 37
m2/
s2 = 6.1 m/s
0m
2/
2/
v
1.0 m/s
q = tan1 x = tan1 = 9.5 from the direction the wave is traveling
vy
6.0 m/s
3. d = 10.0 km
y = d(sin q) = (10.0 km)(sin 45.0) = 7.07 km
a = 2.0 m/s2
b. ax = a(cos q ) = (2.0 m/s2)(cos 35) = 1.6 m/s2
q = 35
ay = a(sin q ) = (2.0 m/s2)(sin 35) = 1.1 m/s2
Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Practice D

1. y = 0.70 m
x = 0.25 m
2
ay = g = 9.81 m/s
2. y = 1.0 m
x = 2.2 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
I Ch. 34
2y
t =
=

a
v
vx =

t =
=

a
v
vx =

9.81 m/s2
(0.25 m) = 0.66 m/s
(2)(0.70 m)
ay
x =
2y
2y
ay
x =
2y

9.81 m/s2
(2.2 m) = 4.9 m/s
(2)(1.0 m)
a. x = d(cos q ) = (10.0 km)(cos 45.0) = 7.07 km
q = 45.0
Givens
3. y = 5.4 m
x = 8.0 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
4. vx = 7.6 m/s
Solutions
2y x
t =
=

a
v
vx =

t =
=

a
v
x =
2y
vx =
ay
y = 2.7 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
ay
x =
2y
m/s

(29)(.815.
4m) (8.0 m) =
2
7.6 m/s
2y x
y
(2)(2.7 m)

9.81
m/s (7.6 m/s) =
5.6 m
Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Practice E

1. x = 4.0 m
q = 15
x = vi (cos q)t
vi = 5.0 m/s
x
4.0 m
t = = = 0.83 s
vi (cos q) (5.0 m/s)(cos 15)
ymax = 2.5 m
y = vi (sin q)t + 2 ay t 2 = (5.0 m/s)(sin 15)(0.83 s) + 2 (9.81 m/s2)(0.83 s)2
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
y = 1.1 m 3.4 m = 2.3 m
2. x = 301.5 m
q = 25.0
yes
At ymax, vy,f = 0 m/s, t = tpeak

vy,f = vi sin q + ay tpeak = 0
vi sin q
tpeak =
ay
2vi sin q
at xmax , tm = 2 tp =
ay
2 v sinq
2 vi 2 sin q cos q
xmax = vi cos q tm = vi cos q i =

ay
ay
ay xmax
vi =
2 sin q cos q

vf,y2 = vi 2 (sin q)2 = 2ay ymax = 0 at peak
ay xmax (sin q)2 1

vi2 (sin q)2
=
= xmax tan q
ymax =
2ay
2 sin q cos q 2ay
4
1
ymax = (301.5 m) (tan 25.0) = 35.1 m
4
3. x = 42.0 m
q = 25
vi = 23.0 m/s
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
x
42.0 m
x
t = = = = 2.0 s
vx vi (cos q) (23.0 m/s)(cos 25)
At maximum height, vy,f = 0 m/s.
vy,f 2 = vy,i2 + 2ay ymax = 0
(23.0 m/s)2(sin 25)2
vy,i 2
vi2(sin q)2
=
ymax = =
= 4.8 m
(2)(9.81 m/s2)
2a y
2ay
I Ch. 35
Givens
Solutions
4. x = 2.00 m
x = vi(cos q)t
y = 0.55 m
x
t =
vi(cos q)
q = 32.0
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2

x
x
y = vi(sin q)t + 12ay t 2 = vi(sin q) + 12 ay
vi(cos q)
vi(cos q)
ay x2
y = x(tan q) +
2vi2(cos q)2
ayx2
x(tan q) y =
2vi2(cos q)2
a x2
2vi2(cos q)2 = y
x(tan q) y
vi =

vi =

vi =

ay x2
2
2(cos q) [x(tan q) y]
(9.81 m/s2)(2.00 m)2
(2)(cos 32.0)2[(2.00 m)(tan 32.0) 0.55 m]
(9.81 m/s2)(2.00 m)2
=
(2)(cos 32.0)2(1.25 0.55 m)
(9.81 m/s2)(2.00 m)2
= 6.2 m/s
(2)(cos 32.0)2(0.70 m)

2. y = 125 m
y = 2ay t 2
vx = 90.0 m/s
2
ay = g = 9.81 m/s
2y
t = =
ay
(2)(125 m)

9.81
m/s =
2
5.05 s
x = vx t = (90.0 m/s)(5.05 s) = 454 m
y = 200.0 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
vx = 30.0 m/s
y = 200.0 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
x = 192 m
a. y = 2ay t2
2y
t =
ay

2y
x = vx t = vx = (30.0 m/s)
ay

(2)(200.0 m)
=

9.81
m/s
192 m
2
b. vy = v
ay y = (0
m/s
)2 + (2)(9.81
m/s2)(200.0
m) = 62.6 m/s = 62.6 m/s

y,i + 2
2
vx2 + v
(30.0 m
/s)2 + (
62.6 m
/s)2 =
9.00
102 m2
/s2 + 3
.92 1
03 m2/
s2
vtot =
y =
vtot = 4820
m2
/s2 = 69.4 m/s
v
62.6 m/s
q = tan1 y = tan1 = 64.4
vx
30.0 m/s
q = 64.4 below the horizontal
I Ch. 36
3. vx = 30.0 m/s
Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Practice F
Givens
1. vte = +15 m/s
vbt = 15 m/s
2. vaw = +18.0 m/s
vsa = 3.5 m/s
3. vfw = 2.5 m/s north

vwe = 3.0 m/s east
Solutions
vbe = vbt + vte = 15 m/s + 15 m/s = 0 m/s
I
vsw = vsa + vaw = 3.5 m/s 18.0 m/s
vsw = 14.5 m/s in the direction that the aircraft carrier is moving
vfe = vfw + vwe
2 v 2 = (2.5 m/s)2 + (3.0 m/s)2

vtot = vf
we

w+
vtot = 6.
s2
+9.0
m2/
s2 = 15
.2
m2/
s2 = 3.90 m/s
2m
2/

vfw
2.5 m/s
q = tan1 = tan = (4.0 101) north of east
vwe
3.0 m/s
4. vtr = 25.0 m/s north
vdt = 1.75 m/s at 35.0 east
of north
vdr = vdt + vtr

vx,tot = vx,dt = (1.75 m/s)(sin 35.0) = 1.00 m/s
vy,dt = (1.75 m/s)(cos 35.0) = 1.43 m/s
vy,tot = vtr + vy,dt = 25.0 m/s + 1.43 m/s = 26.4 m/s
2 (v
2
vtot = (v
)2
+(26
m/s
)2
x,
to
y
.0
0m
/s

.4

t)+
,to
t) = (1
vtot = 1.
m2/
s2
+697
m2/
s2 = 69
s2 = 26.4 m/s
00

8m
2/

vx, tot
1.00 m/s
= tan1 = 2.17 east of north
q = tan1
vy, tot
26.4 m/s

1. vwg = 9 m/s
vbg = 1 m/s
2. vbw = 0.15 m/s north

vwe = 1.50 m/s east
vbw = vbgvgw = vbg vwg = (1 m/s) (9 m/s) = 1 m/s + 9 m/s

vbw = 10 m/s in the opposite direction
vbe = vbw + vwe
2 v 2 = (0.15 m/s)2 + (1.50 m/s)2

vtot = vb
we
w+
vtot = 0.
s2
+2.2
s2 = 2.
m2/
s2 = 1.51 m/s
02
2m
2/
5m
2/
27

vw
0.15 m/s
= tan1 = 5.7 north of east
q = tan1 b
vwe
1.50 m/s
I Ch. 37
Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Chapter Review
Givens
Solutions
6. A = 3.00 units (u)

B = 4.00 units (u)
a. A + B =
A2+
B 2 = (3
)2
+(
)2

.0
0u
4.
00
u
A + B = 9.
00
u2+16.
0u2 = 25
.0
u2 = 5.00 units
B
4.00 u
q = tan1 = tan1 = 53.1 below the positive x-axis
A
3.00 u
b. A B =
A2+
)2 = (3
)2
+(4.
)2
(B
.0
0u
00
u
A B = 9.
00
u2+16.
0u2 = 25
.0
u2 = 5.00 units

B
4.00 u
q = tan1 = tan1 = 53.1 above the positive x-axis
A
3.00 u
A2+
)2 = (3
)2
+(
)2
c. A + 2B =
(2B

.0
0u
8.
00
u
A + 2B = 9.
00
u2+64.
0u2 = 73
.0
u2 = 8.54 units

2B
8.00 u
A
3.00 u
d. B A =
B 2+
)2 = (4.00
u)2 + (3.00
u)2 = 5.00 units
(A

B
4.00 u
q = tan1 = tan1 = 53.1 below the negative x-axis
A
3.00 u
or 127 clockwise from the positive x-axis
B = 3.00 m
Ax = A(cos q ) = (3.00 m)(cos 30.0) = 2.60 m
q = 30.0
Ay = A(sin q ) = (3.00 m)(sin 30.0) = 1.50 m
2 + (A + B)2 = (2.60 m)2 + (4.50 m)2

a. A + B = A

y
x
A + B = 6.
m2+
m2 = 5.20 m
76

20.
2m
2 = 27
.0
Ay + B
4.50 m
q = tan1 = tan1 = 60.0 above the positive x-axis
Ax
2.60 m
2 + (A B)2 = (2.60 m)2 + (1.50 m)2

b. A B = A

y
x
A B = 6.
m2+
m2 = 3.00 m
76

2.2
5m
2 = 9.
01
Ay B
1.50 m
2.60 m
Ax
I Ch. 38
7. A = 3.00 m
Givens
Solutions
2 (A )2 = (1.50 m)2 + (2.60 m)2

c. B A = (B
A

y)+
x
B A = 3.00 m
B Ay
1.50 m
q = tan1 = tan1 = 30.0 above the negative x-axis
Ax
2.60 m
or 150 counterclockwise from the positive x-axis
2 + (A 2B)2 = (2.60 m)2 + (4.50 m)2 = 5.20 m

d. A 2B = A

y
x
Ay 2B
4.50 m
Ax
2.60 m
8. y1 = 3.50 m
d2 = 8.20 m
x2 = d2 (cos q2 ) = (8.20 m)(cos 30.0) = 7.10 m
q2 = 30.0
y2 = d2 (sin q2 ) = (8.20 m)(sin 30.0) = 4.10 m
x3 = 15.0 m
xtot = x2 + x3 = 7.10 m 15.0 m = 7.9 m

ytot = y1 + y2 = 3.50 m + 4.10 m = 0.60 m
xt
)2
+(
yt
)2 = (
)2
+(0.
m
)2
d = (

7.
9m

60

ot
ot
d = 62
m2+
m2= 7.9 m

0.3
6m
2 = 62

ytot
0.60 m
q = tan1
= tan1 = 4.3 north of west
xtot
7.9 m
9. x = 8.00 m
y = 13.0 m
d=
x2
+

y 2 = (
m
)2
+(13
m
)2

8.
00

.0
d = 64
m2+
m2 = 23
.0

169

3m
2 = 15.3 m

y
13.0 m
q = tan1 = tan1 = 58.4 south of east
x
8.00 m
21. x1 = 3 blocks west
= 3 blocks east
y = 4 blocks north
x2 = 6 blocks east
a. xtot = x1 + x2 = 3 blocks + 6 blocks = 3 blocks

ytot = y = 4 blocks
xtot
)2
+(
ytot
)2 = (3
d = (

blo
ck
s)
2+(4blo
ck
s)
2
d = 9b
s2
+16b
s2 = 25
s2 = 5 blocks
lo
ck

lo
ck

blo
ck

4 blocks
ytot
q = tan1
xtot
3 blocks
b. distance traveled = 3 blocks + 4 blocks + 6 blocks = 13 blocks
I Ch. 39
Givens
Solutions
22. y1 = 10.0 yards
ytot = y1 + y2 = 10.0 yards + 50.0 yards = 40.0 yards
x = 15.0 yards
xtot = x = 15.0 yards
y2 = 50.0 yards
d = (
xt
)2
+(
yt
)2 = (1

5.
0ya
rd
s)
2+(40
.0
yar
ds)
2
ot
ot
d = 22
s2
+1.6
03yar
s2 = 18
s2 = 42.7 yards
5ya
rd

01
d
20
yar
d
23. y1 = 40.0 m
Case 1: ytot = y1 + y2 = 40.0 m 20.0 m = 60.0 m
x = 15.0 m
xtot = x = +15.0 m
y2 = 20.0 m
d = (
ytot
)2
+(
xtot
)2 = (
m
)2
+(15
m
)2

60
.0

.0
d = 3.
m2+
m2 = 38
m2 = 61.8 m
60
103
225

20

ytot
60.0 m
q = tan1
= tan1 = 76.0 south of east
xtot
15.0 m
Case 2: ytot = y1 + y2 40.0 m + 20.0 m = 20.0 m
xtot = x = +15.0 m
yt
)2
+)
xt
)2 = (
m
)2
+(15
m
)2
d = (

20
.0

.0

ot
ot
2 2
d = 4.00
10
m
+ 225
m2 = 625
m2 = 25.0 m

ytot
20.0 m
= tan1
= tan1 = 53.1 south of east
tot
15.0 m
Case 3: ytot = y1 + y2 = 40.0 m 20.0 m = 60.0 m
xtot = x = 15.0 m
yt
)2
+(
xt
)2 = (
m
)2
+(
m
)2
d = (

60
.0

15
.0

ot
ot
d = 61.8 m

Case 4: ytot = y1 + y2 = 40.0 m + 20.0 m = 20.0 m

xtot = x = 15.0 m
ytot
xtot
m)2
+(
m)2
d = (

)2+(

)2 = (
20
.0

15
.0

d = 25.0 m

ytot
20.0 m
q = tan1
= tan1 = 53.1 south of west
xtot
15.0 m
24. d = 110.0 m
= 10.0
25. q = 25.0
d = 3.10 km
I Ch. 310
x = d(cos q) = (110.0 m)[cos(10.0)] = 108 m

x = d(sin q) = (110.0 m)[sin(10.0)] = 19.1 m
x = d(cos q) = (3.10 km)(cos 25.0) = 2.81 km east
y = d(sin q) = (3.10 km)(sin 25.0) = 1.31 km north
ytot
60.0 m
q = tan1
= tan1 = 76.0 south of west
xtot
15.0 m
Givens
Solutions
26. d1 = 100.0 m
xtot = d1 d3 cos q1 d4 cos q2
d2 = 300.0 m
xtot = 100.0 m (150.0 m)(cos 30.0) (200.0 m)(cos 60.0)
d3 = 150.0 m
xtot = 100.0 m 1.30 102 m 1.00 102 m = 1.30 102 m
d4 = 200.0 m
ytot = d2 d3 sin q1 + d4 sin q2
q1 = 30.0
ytot = 300.0 m (150.0 m)(sin 30.0) + (200.0 m)(sin 60.0)
q2 = 60.0
ytot = 300.0 m 75.0 m + 173 m = 202 m
d=
(xtot)2
+ (ytot
)2 = (1.30
102 m
)2 + (202
m)2

d = 16
900
m2 + 4
0 800 m2 = 57700
m2 = 2.40 102 m

ytot
202 m
q = tan1
= tan1
= 57.2 south of west
xtot
1.30 102 m
31. y = 0.809 m
x = 18.3 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
x
t =
vx
y = 52 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
32. vx = 18 m/s

a
9.81 m/s
x = (18.3 m) =
v =

2y
(2)
(0
.809
m)
x
1
1
y = 2ay t 2 = 2 ay
vx
45.1 m/s
y = 2 ay t2
t =
2y
(2)(52 m)
=

9.81
m/s =
a
2
3.3 s
When the stone hits the water,

vy = ay t = (9.81 m/s)(3.3 s) = 32 m/s
2
)2+(
m/s
)2
vtot = vx2+
v
8m
/s

32

y = (1
vtot = 32
m2/s2 = 36 m/s
0m
2/s2+100
0m
2/s2 = 13
00

33. vx,s = 15 m/s
vx,o = 26 m/s
y = 5.0 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
y = 2ay t2
2y
t = =
ay

9.81
/s = 1.0 s
m
2(5.0 m)
xs = vx,s t = (15 m/s)(1.0 s) = 15 m

xo = vx,o t = (26 m/s)(1.0 s) = 26 m
xo xs = 26 m 15 m = 11 m
34. vi = 1.70 103 m/s
a. y = vi(sin q)t + 2ay t2 = vi(sin q) + 2ay t = 0
q = 55.0
(2)(1.70 103 m/s)(sin 55.0)

2vi(sin q)
=
t =
= 284 s
9.81 m/s2
ay
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
x = vi(cos q)t = (1.70 103 m/s)(cos 55.0)(284 s) = 2.77 105 m

b. t = 284 s (See a.)
I Ch. 311
Givens
Solutions
35. x = 36.0 m
a. x = vi(cos q)t
x
36.0 m
t = = = 3.0 s
vi(cos q) (20.0 m/s)(cos 53)
vi = 20.0 m/s
q = 53
ybar = 3.05 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
y = vi(sin q)t + 2ay t2 = (20.0 m/s)(sin 53)(3.0 s) + 2(9.81 m/s2)(3.0 s)2

y = 48 m 44 m = 4 m
y = ybar = 4 m 3.05 m = 1 m
The ball clears the goal by 1 m.
b. vy,f = vi(sin q) + ay t = (20.0 m/s)(sin 53) + (9.81 m/s2)(3.0 s)
vx,f = 16 m/s 29 m/s = 13 m/s
The velocity of the ball as it passes over the crossbar is negative; therefore, the ball
is falling.
36. y = 1.00 m
x = 5.00 m
Find the initial velocity of the water when shot at rest horizontally 1 m above the
ground.
1
y = 2ay t2
2y
t =
ay
q = 45.0

v = 2.00 m/s
t = 0.329 s
x = vxt
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
5.00 m
x
x
vx = = = = 11.1 m/s
(2
)(1.00 m)
2y
t
9.81 m/s2
ay

Find how far the water will go if it is shot horizontally 1 m above the ground while
the child is sliding down the slide.
vx, tot = vx + v(cos q)
x = vx, tott = [vx + v(cos q)]t = [11.1 m/s + (2.00 m/s)(cos 45.0)](0.329 s)
37. x1 = 2.50 103 m

x2 = 6.10 102 m
ymountain = 1.80 103 m
2
vi = 2.50 10 m/s
q = 75.0
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
For projectiles full flight,

x
t =
vi(cos q)
1
y = vi (sin q)t + 2ay t 2 = vi(sin q) + 2ay t = 0
x
1
vi (sin q) + 2ay = 0
vi(cos q)
(2)(2.50 102 m/s)2(sin 75.0)(cos 75.0)
2vi2(sin q)(cos q)
=
x =
= 3190 m
9.81 m/s2
ay
Distance between projectile and ship = x x1 x2
= 3190 m 2.50 103 m 6.10 102 m = 80 m
For projectiles flight to the mountain,
xi
t =
vi (cos q)

I Ch. 312
x1
x1
1
1
y = vi(sin q)t + 2ay t2 = vi(sin q)
+ 2ay
vi(cos q)
vi(cos q)
x = [11.1 m/s + 1.41 m/s](0.329 s) = (12.5 m/s)(0.329 s) = 4.11 m
Givens
Solutions
ay x12
y = x1(tan q) +
2vi2(cos q)2
(9.81 m/s2)(2.50 103 m)2

y = (2.50 103 m)(tan 75.0) +
(2)(2.50 102 m/s)2 (cos 75.0)2
y = 9330 m 7320 = 2010 m
distance above peak = y ymountain = 2010 m 1.80 103 m =
43. vre = 1.50 m/s east
vbr = 10.0 m/s north
I
210 m
a. vbe = vbr + vre
2
vbe vb
vre2 = (10.0
m
/s)2 + (1.50
m
/s)2

r
vbe 1.
02
m2/
s2
+2.2
s2 = 10
s2 = 10.1 m/s
00
1
5m
2/
2m
2/

v
1.50 m/s
= tan1 = 8.53 east of north
q = tan1 re
vbr
10.0 m/s
x = 325 m
x 325 m
b. t = = = 32.5 s
vbr 10.0 m/s
y = vre t = (1.50 m/s)(32.5 s) = 48.8 m
44. vwe = 50.0 km/h south

vaw = 205 km/h
vae is directed due west
a. vaw = vae + (vwe)

v
we = sin q
vaw
50.0 km/h
v
q = sin1 we = sin1 = 14.1 north of west
205 km/h
vaw
b. vaw2 = vae2 + vwe2
vae = vaw
)2
(50
)2
2vwe2 = (2
05
km
/h

.0
km
/h
vae = 4.
04km
03km
20
1
2/h22.5
01
2/h2
vae = 3.
04km
95
1
2/h2 = 199 km/h
45. x = 1.5 km
vre = 5.0 km/h
vbr = 12 km/h
46. vre = 3.75 m/s downstream

vsr = 9.50 m/s
vse is directed across the river
The boats velocity in the x direction is greatest when the boat moves directly across
the river with respect to the river.
1.5 km
x
tmin = = = 7.5 min
vbr (12 km/h)(1 h/60 min)
vre
= sin q
vsr
a. vsr = vse + (vre)
3.75 m/s
q = sin1 = 23.2 upstream from straight across
9.50 m/s
b. vsr2 = vse2 + vre2
2
vse =
vs
vre
)2
(3.
m/s
)2
2 = (9
.5
0m
/s

75

r
vse = 90
m2/
s2
14.
s2 = 76
m2/
s2 = 8.72 m/s
.2

1m
2/
.1

vse = 8.72 m/s directly across the river
I Ch. 313
Givens
Solutions
47. y = 21.0 m 1.0 m = 20.0 m
a. x = vi cos q t
x = 130.0 m
y = vi sin q t + 2 ay (t)2
q = 35.0
x
t =
vi cos q
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
x
x
1
y = vi sin q + 2 ay
vi cos q
vi cos q
ay(x)2
y = x tan q +
2 vi2 cos2 q
ay(x)2
vi2 =
2
2 cos q (y x tan q)
x
vi =
cos q

2(y
q)
x tan
ay
(9.81 m/s )

2[(20.0 m) (130.0 m)(tan 35.0)]
2
130.0 m
vi =
cos 35.0
vi = 41.7 m/s
x
130.0 m
b. t = =
vi cos q (41.7 m/s) (cos 35.0)
t = 3.81 s
c. vy,f = vi sin q + ay t = (41.7 m/s)(sin 35.0) + (9.81 m/s2)(3.81 s)

vy,f = 23.9 m/s 37.4 m/s = 13.5 m/s
vx,f = vi cos q = (41.7 m/s) (cos 35.0) = 34.2 m/s
48. x = 12 m
a. x = vi(cos q)t
q = 15
2
ay = g = 9.81 m/s
x
t =
vi(cos q)
1
y = vi(sin q)t + 2 ay t2 = vi(sin q) + 2 ay t = 0

x
1
vi(sin q) + 2 ay = 0
vi(cos q)
2vi2(sin q)(cos q) =
vi =
ay x
= =

(2)(sin 15)(cos 15)
2(sin q)(cos q)
(9.81 m/s2)(12 m)
ay x
15 m/s
x
12 m
b. t = = = 0.83 s
(15 m/s)(cos 15)
vi(cos q)
vy,f = vi(sin q) + ay t = (15 m/s)(sin 15) + (9.81 m/s2)(0.83 s)
vy,f = 3.9 m/s 8.1 m/s = 4.2 m/s
vx,f = vx = vi(cos q) = (15 m/s)(cos 15) = 14 m/s
2
vf = (v
vy
)2
+(
)2
x,f)2+(
4m
/s

4.
2m
/s

,f) = (1
vf = 2.
02
m2/
s2
+18m
s2 = 22
s2 = 15 m/s
01
2/
0m
2/
I Ch. 314
2 2
vf = 1170
m
/s + 1
82 m2/
s2 = 1350
m2
/s2 = 36.7 m/s

Givens
Solutions
49. x = 10.00 m
See the solution to problem 47 for a derivation of the following equation.
q = 45.0
y = 3.05 m 2.00 m
= 1.05 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
50. x = 20.0 m
t = 50.0 s
vpe = 0.500 m/s
vi =
(9.81 m/s )(10.00 m)

(2)(cos 45.0) [1.05 m (10.00 m)(tan 45.0)]
vi =

ay x2
=
2(cos q )2[(y x tan q)]
(9.81 m/s2)(10.00 m)2
=
(2)(cos 45.0)2(1.05 m 10.00 m)
(9.81 m/s2)(10.00 m)2
= 10.5 m/s
(2)(cos 45.0)2(8.95 m)
x 20.0 m
veg = = = 0.400 m/s
t 50.0 s
vpg = vpe + veg
a. Going up:
vpg = vpe + veg = 0.500 m/s + 0.400 m/s = 0.900 m/s
x
20.0 m
tup = = = 22.2 s
vpg 0.900 m/s
b. Going down:
vpg = vpe + veg = 0.500 m/s + 0.400 m/s = 0.100 m/s
x
20.0 m
tdown = = = 2.00 102 s
vpg 0.100 m/s
51. y = 1.00 m
x = 1.20 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2

x
1
1
y = 2 ay t2 = 2 ay
vx
vx =
x
t =
vx
a. x = vx t
2
ay x2
=
2vx2

(9.81 m/s2)(1.20 m)2

= 2.66 m/s
(2)(1.00 m)
ay x2
=
2y
b. The balls velocity vector makes a 45 angle with the horizontal when vx = vy .
v
vx = vy,f = ay t
t = x
ay
vx 2 vx 2
1
1
y = 2 ay t 2 = 2 ay =
ay
2ay
(2.66 m/s)2
y =
= 0.361 m
(2)(9.81 m/s2)
h = 1.00 m 0.361 m = 0.64 m
52. v1 = 40.0 km/h
v2 = 60.0 km/h
xi = 125 m
For lead car:

xtot = v1t + xi
For chasing car:
xtot = v2t
v2t = v1t + xi
(125 m)(103 km/m)
xi
t =
=
(60.0 km/h 40.0 km/h)(1 h/3600 s)
v2 v1
125 103 km
t = = 22.5 s
(20.0 km/h)(1 h/3600 s)
I Ch. 315
Givens
Solutions
53. q = 60.0
d1 = v1t = (41.0 km/h)(3.00 h) = 123 km
v1 = 41.0 km/h
x1 = d1(cos q) = (123 km)(cos 60.0) = 61.5 km
v2 = 25.0 km/h
y1 = d1(sin q) = (123 km)(sin 60.0) = 107 km
t1 = 3.00 h
t2 = t t1 = 4.50 h 3.00 h = 1.50 h
t = 4.50 h
y2 = v2t2 = (25.0 km/h)(1.50 h) = 37.5 km

xtot = x1 = 61.5 km
ytot = y1 + y2 = 107 km + 37.5 km = 144 km
d = (
xt
)2
+(
yt
)2 = (6
)2
+(14
)2

1.
5km

4km

ot
ot
d = 37
80
km
2+2070
0km
2 = 24
500
km
2 = 157 km
54. vbw = 7.5 m/s
vwe = 1.5 m/s
x d = 250 m
x u = 250 m
vbe = vbw + vwe

Going downstream:
vbe,d = 7.5 m/s + 1.5 m/s = 9.0 m/s
Going upstream:
vbe,u = 7.5 m/s + 1.5 m/s = 6.0 m/s
xd xu
250 m
250 m
+ = + = 28 s + 42 s = 7.0 101 s
t =
vbe,d vbe,u 9.0 m/s 6.0 m/s
55. q = 24.0
a. d = 2 at2
2
a = 4.00 m/s
d = 50.0 m
t1 =
= 5.00 s
a =
4.00 m/s
2d
(2)(50.0 m)
2
y = 30.0 m
vi = at1 = (4.00 m/s2)(5.00 s) = 20.0 m/s
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
vy,f =
vi2(sin
q)2 + 2
ay y =
(20.0 m
/s)2[sin
(24.0
)]2 + (
2)(9.8
1 m/s2
)(30.0
m)
2 2
vy,f = 66.2
m
/s + 5
89 m2/
s2 = 65
s2 = 25.6 m/s = 25.6 m/s

5m
2/
vy,f vi(sin q) 25.6 m/s (20.0 m/s)(sin 24.0)

t2 =
=
9.81 m/s2
ay
25.6 m/s + 8.13 m/s 17.5 m/s
= 2 = 1.78 s
t2 =
9.81 m/s2
9.81 m/s
x = vi(cos q)t2 = (20.0 m/s)[cos(24.0)](1.78 s) = 32.5 m
b. t2 = 1.78 s (See a.)
I Ch. 316
vy,f = vi(sin q) + ay t2
Givens
Solutions
56. q = 34
a. x = vi (cos q)t
x
t =
vi (cos q)
x = 240 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
y = vi (sin q)t + 2 ay t 2 = vi (sin q) + 2 ay t = 0

(9.81 m/s )(240 m)
a x
= = 5.0 10 m/s
v =

(2)(cos 34)(sin 34)
2(cos q
) (sin q)
x
ay x
1
=0
vi (sin q) + 2 ay = vi2(sin q) +
vi(cos q)
2(cos q)
2
vy,f 2 vy,i2
b. ymax =
2ay
Because vy,f = 0 m/s,
vi2(sin q)2 (5.0 101 m/s)2(sin 34)2
ymax =
=
(2)(9.81 m/s2)
2ay
ymax = 4.0 101 m
x
x
1
vi(sin q) + ay
2vi(cos q) 2 2vi(cos q)

x
ay x2
ymax = (tan q) +
2
8 vi2(cos q)2
(240 m)(tan 34)

(9.81 m/s2)(240 m)2
ymax = +
2
(8)(5.0 101 m/s)2(cos 34)
ymax = 81 m 41 m = 4.0 101 m
57. vce = 50.0 km/h east
q = 60.0
a. vce = vrc (sin q)

v
50.0 km/h
= = 57.7 km/h
vrc = ce
(sin q) (sin 60.0)
vrc = 57.7 km/h at 60.0 west of the vertical

b. vre = vrc (cos q) = (57.7 km/h)(cos 60.0) = 28.8 km/h
vre = 28.8 km/h straight down
58. twalk = 30.0 s
tstand = 20.0 s
L
L
vpe = =
twalk 30.0 s
L
L
veg = =
tstand 20.0 s
vpg = vpe + veg
vpg = vpe + veg
L
L
2L + 3L
5L
vpg = + = =
30.0 s 20.0 s
60.0 s
60.0 s
L
5L
=
t 60.0 s
60.0 s
t = = 12.0 s
5
I Ch. 317
Givens
Solutions
59. x Earth = 3.0 m
y = vi (sin q )t + 2 ay t 2 = vi (sin q) + 2 ay t = 0
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
2vi(sin q)
t =
ay
2vi(sin q)
xEarth = vi (cos q)t = vi (cos q)

ay
2vi2(cos q)(sin q)
2vi2(cos q)(sin q)
xEarth = =
ay
g
Because vi and q are the same for all locations,
k
xEarth = , where k = 2vi2(cos q)(sin q)
g
g
k = gxEarth = xmoon = (0.38g)xMars
6
xmoon = 6xEarth = (6)(3.0 m) = 18 m
xEarth 3.0 m
xMars = = = 7.9 m
0.38
0.38
60. vx = 10.0 m/s
q = 60.0
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
The observer on the ground sees the ball rise vertically, which indicates that the
x-component of the balls velocity is equal and opposite the velocity of the train.
vx = vi(cos q )
vx
10.0 m/s
vi = = = 20.0 m/s
(cos q) (cos 60.0)
At maximum height, vy = 0, so
vy,f 2 vy,i2 vi2(sin q)2
ymax = =
2ay
2ay
(20.0 m/s)2(sin 60.0)2
= 15.3 m
ymax =
(2)(9.81 m/s2)
q = 35.0
y = vi (sin q )t + 2 ay t 2 = vi (sin q) + 2 ay t = 0
xi = 18.0 m
2vi(sin q ) 2(18.0 m/s)(sin 35.0)

=
t =
= 2.10 s
9.81 m/s2
ay
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
x = vi (cos q )t = (18.0 m/s)(cos 35.0)(2.10 s) = 31.0 m

xrun = x xi = 31.0 m 18.0 m = 13.0 m
x un 13.0 m
vrun = r
= = 6.19 m/s downfield
t
2.10 s
62. q = 53
ay = a(sin q ) = (25 m/s2)(sin 53) = 2.0 101 m/s2
vi = 75 m/s
y = vi (sin q )t + 2 ay t 2 = (75 m/s)(sin 53)(25 s) + 2 (2.0 101 m/s2)(25 s)2
t = 25 s
y = 1500 m + 6200 m = 7700 m
a = 25 m/s
I Ch. 318
vf = vi + at = 75 m/s + (25 m/s2)(25 s) = 75 m/s + 620 m/s = 7.0 102 m/s
61. vi = 18.0 m/s
Givens
Solutions
For the motion of the rocket after the boosters quit:
vi = vf = 7.0 102 m/s
vy,f = vi (sin q) + ay t = 0
q = 53
vi(sin q) (7.0 102 m/s)(sin 53)

=
t =
= 57 s
9.81 m/s2
ay
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
y = vi (sin q)t + 2 ay t 2 = (7.0 102 m/s)(sin 53)(57 s) + 2 (9.81 m/s2)(57 s)2
y = 32 000 m 16 000 m = 16 000 m

a. ytotal = 7700 m + 16 000 m = 2.4 104 m
1
b. y = + 2 ay t 2
t =
2y
= 7.0 10 s
=

9.81 m/s
a
(2)(24 000 m)
2
ttotal = 25 s + 57 s + 7.0 101 s = 152 s

c. ax = a(cos q)
1
x = vi (cos q)t + 2 ax t 2 = vi (cos q)t + 2 a(cos q)t 2

1
x = (75 m/s)(cos 53)(25 s) + 2 (25 m/s2)(cos 53)(25 s)2

x = (1.1 103 m) + (4.7 103 m) = 5.8 103 m
vi = 7.0 102 m/s
After the rockets quit:
q = 53
t = 57 s + 7.0 101 s = 127 s

x = vi (cos q)t = (7.0 101 m/s)(cos 53)(127 s) = 5.4 104 m
xtot = (5.8 103 m) + (5.4 104 m) = 6.0 104 m
Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Standardized Test Prep

5. vbr = 5.0 m/s east
vre = 5.0 m/s south
vbe = vbr + vre
2
2
vbe = vb
+v
m
/s)2 + (
5.0 m/
s)2

r
re = (5.0
vbe = 25
m2/
s2 + 25
m2/s2 = 7.1 m/s

6. x = 125 m
vbr = 5.0 m/s
7. vap = 165 km/h south
= 165 km/h north
vpe = 145 km/h north
x 125 m
t = = = 25 s
vbr 5.0 m/s
vae = vap + vpe
vae = 165 km/h north + 145 km/h north = 20 km/h north = 20 km/h south
I Ch. 319
Givens
Solutions
d=
y2 = (6
)2
+ (5.
m
)2
x2+
.0
0m

40
8. x = 6.00 m
y = 5.40 m
d = 36
m2+
m2 = 8.07 m
.0

29.
2m
2 = 65
.2

y
5.40 m
q = tan1 = tan1 = 42.0 south of east
x
6.00 m
12. vf,x = vx = 3.0 m/s
2ay y =
2g y = (2)(9
m/
s2)(1
.5 m) = 5.4 m/s2
vf,y =
.81
y = 1.5 m
2
2
2
vf = v
m/s)
+ (
5.4 m/
s)2 = 6.2 m/s

fx + v
fy = (3.0
g = 9.81 m/s
ay = g
14. d = 41.1 m
x = d(cos q) = (41.1 m)(cos 40.0) = 31.5 m
q = 40.0
y = d(sin q) = (41.1 m)(sin 40.0) = 26.4 m
15. t = 3.00 s
y = vi(sin q )t + 2 ay t 2 = vi(sin q) + 2 ay t = 0
q = 30.0
2
ay = g = 9.81 m/s
(9.81 m/s2)(3.00 s)
ayt
= = 29.4 m/s
vi =
(2)(sin 30.0)
2(sin q )
x = vi (cos q)t
x
t =
vi (cos q)
16. vi = 25.0 m/s

q = 45.0
x = 50.0 m
2
ay = g = 9.81 m/s
x
x
1
1
y = vi (sin q)t + 2ay t 2 = vi (sin q) + 2ay
vi(cos q)
vi(cos q)

(9.81 m/s2)(50.0 m)2

ay x2
y = x(tan q) +
2 2 = (50.0 m)(tan 45.0) +
(2)(25.0 m/s)2(cos 45.0)2
2vi (cos q)
y = 50.0 m 39.2 m = 10.8 m
I Ch. 320
Problem Workbook Solutions
Two-Dimensional
Motion and Vectors
Additional Practice A
Givens
1. tx = 7.95 s
Solutions
d 2 = x 2 + y 2
y = 161 m
x =
d 2
y2 = (2
m
)2
(16
)2 = 5.
04
m2
04
m2

26

1m

11
1
2.5
91
d = 226 m
x = 2.
04
m2 = 159 m
52
1
x = 159 m
x 159 m
v = = = 20.0 m/s
tx 7.95 s
2. d1 = 5.0 km
1 = 11.5
2
d = 1.0 km
q2 = 90.0
xtot = d1(cos q1) + d2(cos q2) = (5.0 km)(cos 11.5) + (1.0 km)[cos(90.0)]
II
xtot = 4.9 km
ytot = d1(sin q1) + d2(sin q2) = (5.0 km)(sin 11.5) + (1.0 km)[sin(90.0)]
= 1.0 km 1.0 km
ytot = 0.0 km
d = (
xtot
)2
+(
ytot
)2 = (4
)2
+(0.
)2

.9
km

0km

d = 4.9 km

ytot
0.0 km
= tan1 = 0.0, or due east
q = tan1
xtot
4.9 km
3. x = 5 jumps
1 jump = 8.0 m
d = 68 m
d 2 = x 2 + y 2
y =
d 2
x2 = (6
)2
[(5
03
m2
03
m2

8m

)(
8.
0m
)]
2 = 4.
61
1.6
1
y = 3.
m = 55 m
0103
55 m
number of jumps northward = = 6.9 jumps = 7 jumps
8.0 m/jump

x
(5)(8.0 m)
q = tan1 = tan1 = 36 west of north
y
55 m
4. x = 25.2 km
y = 21.3 km
d=
y2 = (2
)2
+(21
)2
x2+
5.
2km

.3
km
d = 63
5km
2+454
km
2 = 10
89
km
2
d = 33.00 km

y
21.3 km
q = tan1 = tan1
x
25.2 km
q = 42.6 south of east
Section Two Problem Workbook Solutions
II Ch. 31
Givens
Solutions
5. y = 483 m
x = 225 m

y
483
q = tan1 = tan1 = 65.0 = 65.0 below the waters surface
x
225 m
2

d=
y2 = (2
m
)2
+(
)2
x+
25

48
3m

d = 5.
m2+
m2 = 2.
m2
06
104
2.3
3105
84
105
d = 533 m
6. v = 15.0 m/s
tx = 8.0 s
d = 180.0 m
d 2 = x 2 + y 2 = (vtx)2 + (vty)2
d 2 = v 2(tx2 + ty2)
ty =

180.0 m 2
(8.0 s)2 = 14
s2
64
s2 = 8.
01s2
4
01
15.0 m/s

d
tx2 =
ty = 8.9 s
7. v = 8.00 km/h
tx = 15.0 min
II
ty = 22.0 min
d=
y2 = (v
tx
)2
+(v
ty
)2
x2+

=v
tx2+

ty2

(15.0min) +(22.0min)
1h
d = (8.00 km/h) 22
60 min 5min+484min
8.00 km
d = 70
60 min 9min = 3.55 km
vt
t
y
22.0 min
q = tan = tan = tan = tan
x vt t 15.0 min
1h
d = (8.00 km/h)
60 min
q = 55.7 north of east
1. d = (5)(33.0 cm)
y = 88.0 cm

88.0 cm
y
q = sin1 = sin1 = 32.2 north of west
(5)(33.0 cm)
d
x = d(cos q ) = (5)(33.0 cm)(cos 32.2) = 1.40 102 cm to the west
2. q = 60.0
d = 10.0 m
3. d = 10.3 m
y = 6.10 m
x = d(cos q) = (10.0 m)(cos 60.0) = 5.00 m

y = d(sin q ) = (10.0 m)(sin 60.0) = 8.66 m
Finding the angle between d and the x-axis yields,
y
6.10 m
q1 = sin1 = sin1 = 36.3
d
10.3 m

The angle between d and the negative y-axis is therefore,

q = 90.0 (36.3) = 53.7
q = 53.7 on either side of the negative y-axis
d 2 + x 2 + y2
x =
d 2

y2 = (1
)2
(
m)2 = 10
m2

0.
3m

6.
10

6m
237.
2m
2 = 69

x = 8.3 m
II Ch. 32
Additional Practice B
Givens
4. d = (8)(4.5 m)
q = 35
Solutions
x = d(cos q) = (8)(4.5 m)(cos 35) = 29 m
y = d(sin q) = (8)(4.5 m)(sin 35) = 21 m
5. v = 347 km/h
vx = v(cos q) = (347 km/h)(cos 15.0) = 335 km/h
q = 15.0
vy = v(sin q) = (347 km/h)(sin 15.0) = 89.8 km/h
6. v = 372 km/h
t = 8.7 s
q = 60.0
1h
d = vt = (372 km/h) (103 m/km)(8.7 s) = 9.0 102 m
3600 s
x = d(cos q) = (9.0 102 m)(cos 60.0) = 450 m east
y = d(sin q ) = (9.0 102 m)(sin 60.0) = 780 m north
7. d = 14 890 km
q = 25.0
d 1.489 104 km
vavg = = = 805 km/h
t
18.45 h
t = 18.5 h
vx = vavg (cos q) = (805 km/h)(cos 25.0) = 730 km/h east

vy = vavg (sin q) = (805 km/h)(sin 25.0) = 340 km/h south
8. vi = 6.0 102 km/h

vf = 2.3 103 km/h
t = 120 s
q = 35 with respect to
horizontal
II
v vf vi
a = =
t
t
1h
(2.3 103 km/h 6.0 102 km/h) (103 m/km)
3600 s
a =
1.2 102 s
1h
(1.7 103 km/h) (103 m/km)
3600 s
a =
1.2 102 s
2
a = 3.9 m/s
ax = a(cos q) = (3.9 m/s2)(cos 35) = 3.2 m/s2 horizontally
ay = a(sin q) = (3.9 m/s2)(sin 35) = 2.2 m/s2 vertically
Additional Practice C
1. x1 = 250.0 m
x2 = d2 (cos q 2 ) = (125.0 m)(cos 120.0) = 62.50 m
d2 = 125.0 m
y2 = d2 (sin q 2 ) = (125.0 m)(sin 120.0) = 108.3 m
q 2 = 120.0
xtot = x1 + x2 = 250.0 m 62.50 m = 187.5 m

ytot = y 1 + y2 = 0 m + 108.3 m = 108.3 m
d = (
xtot
)2
+(
ytot
)2 = (1
m
)2
+(10
)2

87
.5

8.
3m
d = 3.
04
m2+
04
m2 =
51
61
1.1
73
1

4.
m2
68
9104
d = 216.5 m

ytot
108.3 m
= tan1 = 30.01 north of east
q = tan1
xtot
187.5 m
II Ch. 33
Givens
Solutions
2. v = 3.53 103 km/h

t1 = 20.0 s
t2 = 10.0 s
q1 = 15.0
q2 = 35.0
x1 = vt1(cos q 1 )
1h
x1 = (3.53 103 km/h) (103 m/km)(20.0 s)(cos 15.0) = 1.89 104 m
3600 s
y1 = vt1(sin q 1 )
1h
y1 = (3.53 103 km/h) (103 m/km)(20.0 s)(sin 15.0) = 5.08 103 m
3600 s
x2 = vt2 (cos q 2 )
1h
x2 = (3.53 103 km/h) (103 m/km)(10.0 s)(cos 35.0) = 8.03 103 m
3600 s
y2 = vt2 (sin q 2 )
1h
y2 = (3.53 103 km/h) (103 m/km)(10.0 s)(sin 35.0) = 5.62 103 m
3600 s
ytot = y1 + y2 = 5.08 103 m + 5.62 103 m = 1.07 104 m
xtot = x1 + x2 = 1.89 104 m + 8.03 103 m = 2.69 104 m
d = (
xt
)2
+(
yt
)2 = (2
04
m
)2
+(1.
04
m
)2

.6
91
07
1
ot
ot
II
d = 7.
08
m2+
1
08
m2 = 8.
08
m
24
1
1.1

1
35
1
d = 2.89 104 m
ytot
1.07 104 m
q = tan1 = tan1
xtot
2.69 104 m

q = 21.7 above the horizontal
y1 + y2 = 0
q1 = 30.0
q2 = 45.0
v = 11.6 km/h
y1 = d1(sin q1) = y2 = d2(sin q2)

sin q
sin( 45.0)
d1 = d2 2 = d2 = 1.41d2
sin q1
sin 30.0
x1 = d1(cos q1) = (1.41d2)(cos 30.0) = 1.22d2
x2 = d2(cos q2) = d2[cos(45.0)] = 0.707d2
x1 + x2 = d2(1.22 + 0.707) = 1.93d2 = 2.00 102 m
d2 = 104 m
d1 = (1.41)d2 = (1.41)(104 m) = 147 m
1h
v = 11.6 km/h = (11.6 km/h) (103 m/km) = 3.22 m/s
3600 s

104 m
d
t = = = 32.3 s
v 3.22 m/s
147 m
d
t1 = 1 = = 45.7 s
3.22 m/s
v
2
ttot = t1 + t2 = 45.7 s + 32.3 s = 78.0 s
II Ch. 34
3. x1 + x2 = 2.00 102 m
Givens
4. v = 925 km/h
Solutions
d1 = vt1 = (925 km/h)(103 m/km)(1.50 h) = 1.39 106 m
t1 = 1.50 h
d2 = vt2 = (925 km/h)(103 m/km)(2.00 h) = 1.85 106 m
t2 = 2.00 h
x1 = d1 = 1.39 106 m
q 2 = 135
y1 = 0 m
x2 = d2 (cos q 2 ) = (1.85 106 m)(cos 135) = 1.31 106 m
y2 = d2 (sin q 2 ) = (1.85 106 m)(sin 135) = 1.31 106 m
xtot = x1 + x2 = 1.39 106 m + ( 1.31 106 m) = 0.08 106 m
ytot = y1 + y2 = 0 m + 1.31 106 m = 1.31 106 m
d = (
xtot
m)2
+(1.
m)2

)2+(
ytot)2 = (0
.0
8106
31
106
2 2
d = 6
09
m2+
01
m
012m
1
1.7
21
= 1.
73
1
2
d = 1.32 106 m = 1.32 103 km

ytot
1.31 106 m
q = tan1
= tan1
= 86.5 = 90.0 3.5
xtot
0.08 106 m
II
q = 3.5 east of north

5. v = 57.2 km/h
d1 = vt1 = (57.2 km/h)(2.50 h) = 143 km
t1 = 2.50 h
d2 = vt2 = (57.2 km/h)(1.50 h) = 85.8 km
t2 = 1.50 h
tot = d1 + d2(cos q2) = 143 km + (85.8 km)(cos 30.0) = 143 km + 74.3 km = 217 km
2 = 30.0
ytot = d2(sin q2) = (85.8 km)(sin 30.0) = 42.9 km
xtot
)2
+(
ytot
)2 = (2
)2
+(42
d = (

17
km

.9
km
)
d = 4.
04km
03km
04km
71
1
2+1.8
41
2 = 4.
89
1
2
d = 221 km
42.9 km
ytot
q = tan1 = tan1 = 11.2 north of east
217 km
xtot

Additional Practice D
1. vx = 9.37 m/s
y = 2.00 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
t =
2y x
=

v
a
x
x = vx
2y
(2)(2.00 m)
= (9.37 m/s)
= 5.98 m

a
(9.81
m/s )
2
The river is 5.98 m wide.

2. x = 7.32 km
y = 8848 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
t =
2y x
=

v
a
y
vx =
(9.81 m/s )
x = (7.32 10 m) =

2y
(2)(8
848 m)
ay
172 m/s
No. The arrow must have a horizontal speed of 172 m/s, which is much greater than
100 m/s.
II Ch. 35
Givens
Solutions
3. x = 471 m
vi = 80.0 m/s
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
x
t =
vx
ay (x)2 (9.81 m/s2)(471 m)2
1
y = ay (t)2 =
=
= 1.70 102 m
2
2vx2
(2)(80.0 m/s)2
The cliff is 1.70 102 m high.
4. vx = 372 km/h
x = 40.0 m
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
x
t =
vx
ay (x)2
1
(9.81 m/s2)(40.0 m)2
y = ay (t)2 =
2 =
2
2
2vx
1 h 103 m
(2) (372 km/h)
3600 s 1 km

y = 0.735 m
The ramp is 0.735 m above the ground.
II
5. x = 25 m
vx = 15 m/s
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
h = 25 m
x
t =
vx
ay (x)2 (9.81 m/s2)(25 m)2
1
y = ay (t)2 =
=
(2)(15 m/s)2
2
2vx2
y = h h = 14 m
h = h y = 25 m (14 m)
= 39 m
l = 420 m
l
y =
2
t =
vx =
x = l
2y
=

a
v
(9.81 m/s )
x =

(420 m) =
2y
(2)(2 10m)
2
ay
64 m/s
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
7. y = 2.45 m
v = 12.0 m/s
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
vy 2 = 2ay y
v 2 = vx2 + vy2 = vx2 + 2ay y
vx =
v 2 2a
m
/s)2 (2)(9.8
m/s2)(2.45
m)

1

y y = (12.0
vx = 14
s2
48.
s2
4m
2/
1m
2/
= 96
m2/
s2

vx = 9.8 m/s
II Ch. 36
6.
Givens
Solutions
vy 2 = 2ay y
8. y = 1.95 m
vx = 3.0 m/s
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
v = vx 2+
vx2 + 2a
vy 2 =
y y
v = (3.0
m
/s)2 + (2)(9.8
m/s2)(1.95
m)

1
v = 9.
m2/s2 = 6.88 m/s
0m
2/s2+38.
3m
2/s2 = 47
.3

1
q = tan
vy
2ay y
(2)(9
m/
s2)(1.95
m)

.81

= tan1 = tan1
vx
vx
3.0 m/s
q = 64 below the horizontal
Additional Practice E
1. x = 201.24 m
q = 35.0
1
1
y = vi (sin q)t + ay (t)2 = vi (sin q) + ay t = 0
2
2
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
x = vi (cos q)t
x
t =
vi(cos q)
II
x
1
vi (sin q) = ay
2 vi(cosq)

(9.81 m/s )(201.24 m)
a x
=
v =

(2)(sin 35.0)(cos 35.0)
2(sin q)(cos q)
2
vi = 45.8 m/s
2. x = 9.50 102 m
Using the derivation shown in problem 1,
q = 45.0
vi =
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2

a x
y =
2(sin q)(cos q)
(9.81 m/s2)(9.50 102 m)
(2)(sin 45.0)(cos 45.0)
vi = 96.5 m/s
At the top of the arrows flight:
v = vx = vi (cos q ) = (96.5 m/s)(cos 45.0) = 68.2 m/s
3. x = 27.5 m
q = 50.0
2
ay = g = 9.81 m/s
vi =

a x
y =
2(sin q)(cos q)
(9.81 m/s2)(27.5 m)
(2)(sin 50.0)(cos 50.0)
vi = 16.6 m/s
4. x = 44.0 m
q = 45.0
2
ay = g = 9.81 m/s
a. vi =

a x
y =
2(sin q)(cos q)
(9.81 m/s2)(44.0 m)
(2)(sin 45.0)(cos 45.0)
vi = 20.8 m/s
II Ch. 37
Givens
Solutions
b. At maximum height, vy, f = 0 m/s
vy, f 2 = vy, i2 + 2ay ymax = 0
(20.8 m/s)2(sin 45.0)2
vy, i2 vi 2(sin q)2
ymax =
= =
= 11.0 m
(2)(9.81 m/s2)
2ay
2ay
The bricks maximum height is 11.0 m.
(20.8 m/s)2
v i2
=
= 22.1 m
c. ymax = y,
(2)(9.81 m/s2)
2ay
The bricks maximum height is 22.1 m.
At maximum height, vy, f = 0 m/s.
5. x = 76.5 m
q = 12.0
vy, f 2 = vy, i 2 + 2ay ymax = 0

2
ay = g = 9.81 m/s
vy, i2 vi2(sin q)2

ymax = =
2ay
2ay
Using the derivation for vi 2 from problem 1,
(sin q)2 x (sin q) x (tan q)
a x
ymax = y = =
2(sin q)(cos q)
4(cos q)
4
2ay
II
(76.5 m)(tan 12.0)

ymax = = 4.07 m
4
6. vrunner = 5.82 m/s
vi,ball = 2vrunner
In x-direction,
vi,ball (cos q ) = 2vrunner (cos q) = vrunner
2(cos q ) = 1
q = cos12 = 60
7. vi = 8.42 m/s
q = 55.2
t = 1.40 s
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
For first half of jump,

1.40 s
t1 = = 0.700 s
2
1
1
y = vi (sin q)t1 + 2ay (t1)2 = (8.42 m/s)(sin 55.2)(0.700 s) + 2(9.81 m/s2)(0.700 s)2
y = 4.84 m 2.40 m = 2.44 m
The fence is 2.44 m high.
x = vi (cos q)t
x = (8.42 m/s) (cos 55.2)(1.40 s) = 6.73 m
8. vi = 2.2 m/s
q = 21
t = 0.16 s
ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
x = vi (cos q)t = (2.2 m/s) (cos 21)(0.16 s) = 0.33 m

t
Maximum height is reached in a time interval of
2
2
t 1 t
ymax = vi (sin q) + 2ay
2
2
ymax

0.16 s
= (2.2 m/s)(sin 21) +
2
2
ymax = 6.3 10 m 3.1 10
m = 3.2 10 m = 3.2 cm
The fleas maximum height is 3.2 cm.
II Ch. 38

0.16 s
(9.81 m/s2)
2
Additional Practice F
Givens
1. vse = 126 km/h north
vgs = 40.0 km/h east
Solutions
2
vg
+vse
2 = (4
0.
0km
/h

)2
+(12
6km
/h

)2
vge =
s
4
vge = 1.
60
1
03km
2/h2+1.5
91
0

k
m2/
h2
vge = 1.
75
1
04km
/h
= 132 km/h

v
126 km/h
q = tan1 se = tan1 = 72.4 north of east
vgs
40.0 km/h
2. vwe = 3.00 102 km/h
vpw = 4.50 102 km/h
x = 250 km
3. vtw = 9.0 m/s north
vwb = 3.0 m/s east
t = 1.0 min
vpe = vpw + vwe = 4.50 102 km/h 3.00 102 km/h = 1.50 102 km/h
x
250 km
t = =
= 1.7 h
vpe 1.50 102 km/h
vtb = vtw + vwb
2
2
vtb = vt
m/s
)2
+(3.
)2 = 81
m2/
s2
+9.0
m2/
s2
vw
.0

0m
/s

w+
b = (9
II
vtb = 9.
01
m2/
s2
01
vtb = 9.5 m/s

60 s
x = vtbt = (9.5 m/s)(1.0 min) = 570 m
1 min

v
3.0 m/s
q = tan1 wb = tan1 = 18 east of north
vtw
9.0 m/s
4. vsw = 40.0 km/h forward
vfw = 16.0 km/h forward
x = 60.0 m
5. v1E = 90.0 km/h

v2E = 90.0 km/h
t = 40.0 s
vsf = vsw vfw = 40.0 km/h 16.0 km/h = 24.0 km/h toward fish
x
60.0 m
t = = = 9.00 s
vs f
1 h 103 m
(24.0 km/h)
3600 s 1 km

v12 = v1E v2E

v12 = 90.0 km/h (90.0 km/h) = 1.80 102 km/h

1h
103 m
x = v12 t = (1.80 102 km/h) (40.0 s) = 2.00 103 m = 2.00 km
3600 s 1 km
The two geese are initially 2.00 km apart
6. vme = 18.0 km/h forward

Vre = 0.333 Vme
= 6.00 km/h forward
x = 12.0 m
vmr = vme vre

vmr = 18.0 km/h 6.0 km/h = 12.0 km/h

x
12.0 m
3600 s 1 km
t = = 3
vmr (12.0 km/h)
1h
10 m
t = 3.60 s
II Ch. 39
Study Guide Answers
Two-Dimensional
Motion and Vectors
Introduction to Vectors, p. 13
1. {A, C, E, H, I}; {D, G}, {B, F, J}
2. {A, D, H}, {B, C, G}, {I, J}
3. {A, H}
4. Both diagrams should show a vector A that is twice as
long as the original vector A, but still pointing up. The
first diagram should have the tip of 2A next to the tail of
B. The second diagram should have the tip of B next to
the tail of 2A. The resultant vectors should have the
same magnitude and direction, slanting towards the
upper right.
5. Both diagrams should show a vector B that is half as

long as the original vector B. The first diagram should
have the tip of A next to the tail of B/2, and B/2
should be pointing to the left. The second diagram
should have the tip of B/2 next to the tail of A, and
A should be pointing down. The resultant vectors
should have the same magnitude but opposite directions. The first will slant towards the upper left. The
second will slant towards the lower right.
Vector Operations, p. 14
1. Check students graph for accuracy.
Shot 2: 110 m; 64 m
2. Shot 1: 45 m; 45 m
Shot 3: 65 m; 33 m
Shot 4: 0 m; 14.89 m
3. 220 m
Projectile Motion, p. 15
1. t = vi sin q/g
5.
2. h = vi2(sin q )2/2g
vi2 sin q cos q
3. x = vi (cos q )(t) =
g
2vi2 sin q cos q
4. R =
g
Launch angle
Maximum height (m)
Range (m)
15
30
45
60
75
8.5
32
64
96
119
130
220
250
220
130
III
Relative Motion, p. 16
1. vBL = vBW + vWL
2. Student diagrams should show vBW twice as long as
vWL but both are in the same direction as vBL, which is
long as both together.
3. Student diagrams should show vWL and vBW, longer
and opposite in direction. The vector vBL should be as
long as the difference between the two, and in the same
direction and in the same direction as vBW.
4. Student diagrams should show vWL and vBW at a right

angle with vBL forming the hypotenuse of a right triangle.
5. a. 6.0 km/h, due east
b. 2.0 km/h, due west
c. 4.5 km/h, q = 26.6
Section ThreeStudy Guide Answers
III3
Mixed Review, pp. 1718

1. a. The diagram should indicate the relative distances
and directions for each segment of the path.
b. 5.0 km, slightly north of northwest
c. 11.0 km
2. a. The same
b. Twice as large
c. 1.58
3. a. 2.5 m/s, in the direction of the sidewalks motion

b. 1.0 m/s, in the direction of the sidewalks motion
c. 4.5 m/s, in the direction of the sidewalks motion
d. 2.5 m/s, in the direction opposite to the sidewalks
motion
e. 4.7 m/s, q = 32
4. a. 4.0 101 seconds
b. 6.0 101 seconds
III4
III
Forces and the

Laws of Motion
Forces and the Laws of Motion, Practice B
Givens
1. F = 70.0 N
q = +30.0
Solutions
Fx = F(cos q) = (70.0 N)(cos 30.0) = 60.6 N
Fy = F(sin q) = (70.0 N)(sin 30.0) = 35.0 N
2. Fy = 2.25 N
Fx = 1.05 N
2
2
Fnet = F
+
F
N
)2 + (
2.25 N
)2

x
y = (1.05
Fnet = 1.10
N2
+ 5.0
6 N2 = 6.16
N2 = 2.48 N

F
1.05 N
q = tan1 x = tan1
2.25 N
Fy
q = 25.0 counterclockwise from straight down

3. Fwind = 452 N north
Fwater = 325 N west
Fx = Fwater = 325 N
Fy = Fwind = 452 N
2
2
Fnet = F
+
F
)2
+(45
)2

32
5N

2N

x
y = (
Fnet = 1.
05
N2+
05
N2 = 3.
05
N2
06
1
2.0
41
10
1
Fnet = 557 N
F
452 N
q = tan1 y = tan1 = 54.3
Fx
325 N
q = 54.3 north of west, or 35.7 west of north
Forces and the Laws of Motion, Section 2 Review

3. Fy = 130.0 N
Fx = 4500.0 N
2
2
+
F
)2
+(13
)2
Fnet = F

50
0.
0N

0.
0N

x
y = (4
Fnet = 2.
07
N2+
04
N2 = 2.
07
N2 = 4502 N
02
51
1.6
90
1
02
71
Fy
130.0 N
q = tan1 = tan1 = 1.655 forward of the side
Fx
4500.0 N
Forces and the Laws of Motion, Practice C

1. Fnet = 7.0 N forward
m = 3.2 kg
2. Fnet = 390 N north
m = 270 kg
F
7.0 N
= = 2.2 m/s2 forward
a = net
m 3.2 kg
F
390 N
= = 1.4 m/s2 north
a = net
m 270 kg
I Ch. 41
Forces and the Laws of Motion, Practice C
Givens
Solutions
3. Fnet = 6.75 103 N east

3
m = 1.50 10 kg
6.75 103 N east

F
=
a = net
= 4.50 m/s2 east
1.50 103 kg
m
I
4. Fnet = 13.5 N to the right
a = 6.5 m/s2 to the right
5. m = 2.0 kg
F et Fnet 13.5 N
m = n
= = 2 = 2.1 kg
a
a
6.5 m/s
1
x = 2a(t)2
2x (2)(0.85 m)
a = 2 =
= 6.8 m/s2
t
(0.50 s)2
Fnet = ma = (2.0 kg)(6.8 m/s2) = 14 N
x = 85 cm
t = 0.50 s

a. Fnet = ma = (6.0 kg)(2.0 m/s2) = 12 N
1. m = 6.0 kg
a = 2.0 m/s2
12 N
F
= = 3.0 m/s2
b. a = net
4.0 kg
m
m = 4.0 kg
4. Fy = 390 N, north
Fx = 180 N, east
m = 270 kg
2 + F 2 = (180 N)2 + (390 N)2

Fnet = F

x
y
Fnet = 3.
04
N2+1.5
05
N2 = 1.
05
N2 = 420 N
21
1
81

Fy
390 N
q = tan1 = tan1
Fx
180 N
420 N
F
= = 1.6 m/s2
a = net
270 kg
m
Forces and the Laws of Motion, Practice D

1. Fk = 53 N
F
Fk
53 N
mk = k =
=
= 0.23
Fn mg (24 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
m = 24 kg
g = 9.81 m/s2
2. m = 25 kg
Fs, max = 165 N
Fk = 127 N
2
g = 9.81 m/s
I Ch. 42
Fs,max Fs,max
165 N
= =
a. ms =
= 0.67
Fn
mg
(25 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
F
Fk
127 N
b. mk = k =
=
= 0.52
Fn mg
(25 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
q = 65 north of east
Givens
Solutions
3. m = 145 kg
a. Fs,max = msFn = msmg = (0.61)(145 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 8.7 102 N
ms = 0.61
Fk = mkFn = mkmg = (0.47)(145 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 6.7 102 N
mk = 0.47
g = 9.81 m/s2
m = 15 kg
I
2
b. Fs,max = msFn = msmg = (0.74)(15 kg)(9.81 m/s ) = 1.1 10 N
ms = 0.74
Fk = mkFn = mkmg = (0.57)(15 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 84 N
mk = 0.57
g = 9.81 m/s2
m = 250 kg
c. Fs,max = msFn = msmg = (0.4)(250 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 1 103 N
ms = 0.4
Fk = mkFn = mkmg = (0.2)(250 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 5 102 N
mk = 0.2
g = 9.81 m/s2
m = 0.55 kg
d. Fs,max = msFn = msmg = (0.9)(0.55 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 5 N
ms = 0.9
Fk = mkFn = mkmg = (0.4)(0.55 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 2 N
mk = 0.4
g = 9.81 m/s2
Forces and the Laws of Motion, Practice E

1. Fapplied = 185 N at 25.0
above the horizontal
m = 35.0 kg
Fapplied, y = Fapplied (sin q)

Fy, net = Fy = Fn + Fapplied, y Fg = 0
mk = 0.27
g = 9.81 m/s2
Fapplied, x = Fapplied (cos q)
Fn = Fg Fapplied, y = mg Fapplied (sin q)

Fn = (35.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2) (185 N)(sin 25.0) = 343 N 78.2 N = 265 N
Fk = mkFn = (0.27)(265 N) = 72 N
Fx, net = Fx = Fapplied, x Fk = Fapplied(cos q) Fk
Fx, net = (185 N)(cos 25.0) 72 N = 168 N 72 N = 96 N
F
96 N
= = 2.7 m/s2
ax = x,net
m
35.0 kg
a = ax = 2.7 m/s2 in the positive x direction
2. q1 = 12.0
Fg,y = mg(cos q1) = (35.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 12.0) = 336 N
q2 = 25.0
Fg,x = mg(sin q1) = (35.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(sin 12.0) = 71.4 N
Fapplied = 185 N
Fapplied,x = Fapplied (cos q2) = (185 N)(cos 25.0) = 168 N
m = 35.0 kg
Fapplied,y = Fapplied (sin q2) = (185 N)(sin 25.0) = 78.2 N
mk = 0.27
Fy,net = Fy = Fn + Fapplied,y Fg,y = 0

2
g = 9.81 m/s
Fn = Fg,y Fapplied,y = 336 N 78.2 N = 258 N

Fk = mkFn = (0.27)(258 N) = 7.0 101 N
Fx,net = Fx = Fapplied,x Fk Fg,x = max
Fapplied,x Fk Fg,x
ax =
m
I Ch. 43
Givens
Solutions
168 N 7.0 101 N 71.4 N
27 N
ax = = = 0.77 m/s2
35.0 kg
35.0 kg
a = ax = 0.77 m/s2 up the ramp
3. m = 75.0 kg
a. Fx,net = max = Fg,x Fk
q = 25.0
Fg,x = mg(sin q)
2
ax = 3.60 m/s
2
g = 9.81 m/s
Fk = Fg,x max = mg(sin q) max

Fk = (75.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(sin 25.0) (75.0 kg)(3.60 m/s2)
Fk = 311 N 2.70 102 N = 41 N
Fn = Fg,y = mg(cos q) = (75.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 25.0) = 667 N
F
41 N
mk = k = = 0.061
Fn 667 N
m = 175 kg
mk = 0.061
b. Fx,net = Fg,x Fk = mg sin q mkFn

Fn = Fg,y = mg cosq
mg sin q mkmg cosq
F
= = g sin q mkg cosq
ax = x,net
m
m
ax = g(sin q mk cos q) = 9.81 m/s2 [sin 25.0 (0.061)(cos 25.0)]
ax = 9.81 m/s2 (0.423 0.055) = (9.81 m/s2)(0.368) = 3.61 m/s2
a = ax = 3.61 m/s2 down the ramp
4. Fg = 325 N
Fx,net = Fapplied,x Fk = 0
Fapplied = 425 N
Fk = Fapplied,x = Fapplied (cos q) = (425 N)[cos(35.2)] = 347 N
q = 35.2
Fy,net = Fn + Fapplied,y Fg = 0
Fn = Fg Fapplied,y = Fg Fapplied (sin q)
F
347 N
mk = k =
= 0.609
Fn 5.70 102 N

2. m = 2.26 kg
g = 9.81 m/s2
a. Fg = 6 mg = 6 (2.26 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 3.70 N

b. Fg = (2.64)mg = (2.64)(2.26 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 58.5 N
3. m = 2.0 kg
q = 60.0
g = 9.81 m/s2
a. Fx,net = F(cos q) mg(sin q) = 0

mg (sin q ) (2.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(sin 60.0)
F = = = 34 N
cos q
cos 60.0
b. Fy,net = Fn F(sin q) mg(cos q) = 0
Fn = F(sin q ) + mg(cos q) = (34 N)(sin 60.0) + (2.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 60.0)
Fn = 29 N + 9.8 N = 39 N
I Ch. 44
Fn = 325 N (425 N)[sin (35.2)] = 325 N + 245 N = 5.70 102 N
Givens
4. m = 55 kg
Fs, max = 198 N
Fk = 175 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
Solutions
Fs,max Fs,max
198 N
= =
ms =
= 0.37
Fn
mg
(55 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
F
Fk
175 N
mk = k =
= = 0.32
Fn mg (55 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
Forces and the Laws of Motion, Chapter Review

10. Fx,1 = 950 N
Fx,2 = 1520 N
Fy,1 = 5120 N
Fy,2 = 4050 N
Fx,net = Fx,1 + Fx,2 = 950 N + (1520 N) = 570 N

Fy,net = Fy,1 + Fy,2 = 5120 N + (4050 N) = 1070 N
Fnet =
(Fx,net)2
+ (Fy ,net
)2 = (570
N)2 + (
1070 N
)2

Fnet = 3.
05
N2+
06
N2 = 1.
06
N2 = 1.21 103 N
21
1.1
41
46
1

F net
1070 N
q = tan1 y,
= tan1 = 62
Fx,net
570 N
q = 62 above the 1520 N force
11. F1 + F2 = 334 N
F1 + F2 = 106 N
b.
F1 + F2 =
334 N
+(F1 + F2) = (106 N)
2F2 = 228 N
F2 = 114 N
F1 + 114 N = 334 N
F1 = 220 N
F1 = 220 N right for the first situation and left for the second
F2 = 114 N right for both situations

12. F = 5 N
Fx = F(cos q) = (5 N)(cos 37) = 4 N
q = 37
Fy = F(sin q) = (5 N)(sin 37) = 3 N
20. m = 24.3 kg
Fnet = 85.5 N
21. m = 25 kg
a = 2.2 m/s2
F
85.5 N
= = 3.52 m/s2
a = net
m
24.3 kg
Fnet = ma = (25 kg)(2.2 m/s2) = 55 N
Fnet = 55 N to the right
I Ch. 45
Givens
Solutions
22. F1 = 380 N
a. F1,x = F1(sin q1) = (380 N)(sin 30.0) = 190 N
q1 = 30.0
F1,y = F1(cos q1) = (380 N)(cos 30.0) = 330 N
F2 = 450 N
F2,x = F2(sin q2) = (450 N)[sin (10.0)] = 78 N
q2 = 10.0
F2,y = F2(cos q2) = (450 N)[cos (10.0)] = 440 N

Fy,net = F1,y + F2,y = 330 N + 440 N = 770 N
Fx,net = F1,x + F2,x = 190 N 78 N = 110 N
2
Fnet = (F
)2 = (1
N
)2
+(77
)2
x,
(F
y,n
et
10

0N

ne
t)+
Fnet = 1.
N2+
N2 = 6.
N2 = 770 N
2104
5.9
105
0105

F net
110 N
q = tan1 x,
= tan1 = 8.1 to the right of forward
Fy,net
770 N
770 N
F
= = 0.24 m/s2
b. a = net
3200 kg
m
m = 3200 kg
anet = 0.24 m/s2 at 8.1 to the right of forward

24. m = 0.150 kg
a. Fnet = mg = (0.150 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 1.47 N
vi = 20.0 m/s
g = 9.81 m/s2
b. same as part a.
a. Fn = mg = (5.5 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 54 N
26. m = 5.5 kg
q = 12
b. Fn = mg(cos q) = (5.5 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 12) = 53 N
q = 25
c. Fn = mg(cos q) = (5.5 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 25) = 49 N
q = 45
d. Fn = mg(cos q) = (5.5 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 45) = 38 N

Fn = mg(cos q) = (5.4 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 15) = 51 N
29. m = 5.4 kg
q = 15
g = 9.81 m/s2
Fn = Fg = mg = (95 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 930 N
35. m = 95 kg
Fs,max = 650 N
Fk = 560 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
Fs,max 650 N
ms = = = 0.70
Fn
930 N
F 560 N
mk = k = = 0.60
F n 930 N
Fn = mg(cos q)
36. q = 30.0
2
mg(sin q) Fk = max , where Fk = mkFn = mkmg(cos q)
mg(sin q) mkmg(cos q) = max
a = 1.20 m/s
g = 9.81 m/s
sin q
ax
ax
mg(sin q) ma
mk = x =
= tan q
cos q
g(cos q)
g(cos q)
mg(cos q)
1.20 m/s2
mk = (tan 30.0)
= 0.577 0.141 = 0.436
(9.81 m/s2)(cos 30.0)
I Ch. 46
g = 9.81 m/s2
Givens
Solutions
37. m = 4.00 kg
Fapplied,x = Fapplied(cos q) = (85.0 N)(cos 55.0) = 48.8 N
Fapplied = 85.0 N
Fapplied,y = Fapplied(sin q) = (85.0 N)(sin 55.0) = 69.6 N
q = 55.0
Fn = Fapplied,y mg = 69.6 N (4.00 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 69.6 N 39.2 N = 30.4 N
ax = 6.00 m/s2
max = Fapplied,x Fk = Fapplied,x mkFn

48.8 N (4.00 kg)(6.00 m/s2)
Fapplied,x max
=
mk =
30.4 N
Fn
g = 9.81 m/s
48.8 N 24.0 N 24.8 N

mk = = = 0.816
30.4 N
30.4 N
38. Fapplied = 185.0 N
Fapplied,x = Fapplied (cos q) = (185.0 N)(cos 25.0) = 168 N
q = 25.0
Fapplied,y = Fapplied (sin q) = (185.0 N)(sin 25.0) = 78.2 N
m = 35.0 kg
Fy,net = Fn + Fapplied,y mg = 0
mk = 0.450
Fn = mg Fapplied,y = (35.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2) 78.2 N = 343 N 78.2 N = 265 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
Fk = mkFn = (0.450)(265 N) = 119 N

Fx,net = max = Fapplied,x Fk
49 N
F
168 N 119 N
= = = 1.4 m/s2
ax = x,net
m
35.0 kg
35.0 kg
a = ax = 1.4 m/s2 down the aisle
39. Fg = 925 N
Fapplied,x = Fapplied (cos q) = (325 N)(cos 25.0) = 295 N
Fapplied = 325 N
Fapplied,y = Fapplied (sin q) = (325 N)(sin 25.0) = 137 N
q = 25.0
mk = 0.25
Fn = Fg Fapplied,y = 925 N 137 N = 788 N

2
Fk = mkFn = (0.25)(788 N) = 2.0 102 N
g = 9.81 m/s
Fx,net = max = Fapplied,x Fk = 295 N 2.0 102 N = 95 N

925 N
Fg
m = = 2 = 94.3 kg
9.81 m/s
g
95 N
F
= = 1.0 m/s2
ax = x,net
m
94.3 kg
mg
(6.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
Fn = = = 68 N
cos q
cos 30.0
40. m = 6.0 kg
q = 30.0
F = Fn sin q = (68 N)(sin 30.0) = 34 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
41. m = 2.0 kg
x = 8.0 10
Because vi = 0 m/s,
1
x = 2at2
t = 0.50 s
2x (2)(0.80 m)
a = 2 =
= 6.4 m/s2
t
(0.50 s)2
vi = 0 m/s
Fnet = ma = (2.0 kg)(6.4 m/s2) = 13 N

Fnet = 13 N down the incline
I Ch. 47
Givens
Solutions
42. m = 2.26 kg
b. Fg = mg = (2.26 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 22.2 N
y = 1.5 m
g = 9.81 m/s2
43. m = 5.0 kg
a = 3.0 m/s
FT Fg = ma
2
FT = ma + Fg = ma + mg
2
g = 9.81 m/s
FT = (5.0 kg)(3.0 m/s2) + (5.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 15 N + 49 N = 64 N

FT = 64 N upward
44. m = 3.46 kg
b. Fg = mg = (3.46 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 33.9 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
45. F1 = 2.10 103 N
a. Fnet = F1 + F2 = 2.10 103 N + (1.80 103 N)
F2 = 1.80 103 N
Fnet = 3.02 102 N
m = 1200 kg
F
3.02 102 N
= = 0.25 m/s2
anet = net
m
1200 kg
2
anet = 0.25 m/s forward
t = 12 s
vi = 0 m/s
b. x = vi t + 2at 2= (0 m/s)(12 s) + 2(0.25 m/s2)(12 s)2

x = 18 m
c. vf = at + vi = (0.25 m/s2)(12 s) + 0 m/s
vf = 3.0 m/s
mk = 0.050
Fg = 645 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
vf = 0 m/s
Fk = mkFn = (0.050)(645 N) = 32 N
645 N
Fg
m = = 2 = 65.7 kg
9.81 m/s
g
32 N
F
a = k = = 0.49 m/s2
65.7 kg
m
2
2
(0 m/s)2 (7.0 m/s)2
vf vi
x =
=
(2)(0.49 m/s2)
2a
1
x = 5.0 10 m
I Ch. 48
46. vi = 7.0 m/s
Givens
Solutions
47. Fg = 319 N
a. Fapplied, x = Fapplied(cos q) = (485 N)[cos(35)] = 4.0 102 N
Fapplied = 485 N
Fapplied,y = Fapplied(sin q) = (485 N)[sin(35)] = 2.8 102 N
q = 35
mk = 0.57
Fn = Fg Fapplied,y = 319 N (2.8 102 N) = 6.0 102 N
x = 4.00 m
Fk = mkFn = (0.57)(6.0 102 N) = 3.4 102 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
Fx,net = max = Fapplied,x Fk = 4.0 102 N 3.4 102 N = 6 101 N
vi = 0 m/s
319 N
Fg
m = = 2 = 32.5 kg
9.81 m/s
g
F
6 101 N
= = 2 m/s2
ax = x,net
m
32.5 kg
x = vi t + 2ax t 2
Because vi = 0 m/s,
t =
2m
/s =
a =
2x
(2)(4.00 m)
2
mk = 0.75
2s
b. Fk = mkFn = (0.75)(6.0 102 N) = 4.5 102 N

Fk > Fapplied,x ; the box will not move
48. m = 3.00 kg
q = 30.0
x = 2.00 m
t = 1.50 s
g = 9.81 m/s2
vi = 0 m/s
a. x = vi t + 2at 2
Because vi = 0 m/s,
2x (2)(2.00 m)
2
a = 2 =
= 1.78 m/s
t
(1.50 s)2
b. Fg,x = mg(sin q) = (3.00 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(sin 30.0) = 14.7 N
Fg,y = mg(cos q) = (3.00 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 30.0) = 25.5 N
Fn = Fg,y = 25.5 N
max = Fg,x Fk = Fg,x mkFn
14.7 N (3.00 kg)(1.78 m/s2)
Fg,x ma
mk = x =
25.5 N
Fn
14.7 N 5.34 N
9.4 N
mk = = =
25.5 N
25.5 N
c. Fk = mkFn = (0.37)(25.5 N) =
d. vf2 = vi2+ 2axx
0.37
9.4 N
m/s
vf = vi 2+
2ax
x = (0

)2+(2)
(1
.7
8m
/s
2)(2
.0
0m
) = 2.67 m/s
49. vi = 12.0 m/s
t = 5.00 s
vf = 6.00 m/s
vf = vi + at
vf vi 6.00 m/s 12.0 m/s 6.0 m/s
a = = =
t
5.00 s
5.00 s
a = 1.2 m/s2
Fk = ma
F
ma a 1.2 m/s2
mk = k = = = 2 = 0.12
Fn
mg
g
9.8 m/s
I Ch. 49
Givens
Solutions
50. Fg = 8820 N
vi = 35 m/s
Fg
8820 N
m = = 2 = 899 kg
g 9.81 m/s
x = 1100 m
vf 2= vi 2 + 2ax = 0
g = 9.81 m/s2
vi 2
(35 m/s)2
a =
= = 0.56 m/s2
2x (2)(1100 m)
2
Fnet = ma = (899 kg)(0.56 m/s2) = 5.0 10 N
51. mcar = 1250 kg

mtrailer = 325 kg
2
a = 2.15 m/s
a. Fnet = mcara = (1250 kg)(2.15 m/s2) = 2690 N

Fnet = 2690 N forward
b. Fnet = mtrailera = (325 kg)(2.15 m/s2) = 699 N
Fnet = 699 N forward
52. m = 3.00 kg
Fs, max = msFn
q = 35.0
mg(sin q) = ms[F + mg(cos q)]
ms = 0.300
mg[sin q ms(cos q)]

mg(sin q) msmg(cos q)
F =
=
ms
ms
g = 9.81 m/s2
(3.00 kg)(9.81 m/s2)[sin 35.0 0.300 (cos 35.0)]

F =
0.300
(3.00 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(0.574 0.246)
(3.00 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(0.328)
F =
0.300
0.300
F=
53. m = 64.0 kg
32.2 N
At t = 0.00 s, v = 0.00 m/s. At t = 0.50 s, v = 0.100 m/s.
F = ma = (64.0 kg)(0.20 m/s2) = 13 N

At t = 0.50 s, v = 0.100 m/s. At t = 1.00 s, v = 0.200 m/s.
vf vi 0.200 m/s 0.100 m/s
a = = = 0.20 m/s2
1.00 s 0.50 s
tf ti
F = ma = (64.0 kg)(0.20 m/s2) = 13 N
At t = 1.00 s, v = 0.200 m/s. At t = 1.50 s, v = 0.200 m/s.
a = 0 m/s2; therefore, F = 0 N
At t = 1.50 s, v = 0.200 m/s. At t = 2.00 s, v = 0.00 m/s.
vf vi 0.00 m/s 0.200 m/s
a = = = 0.40 m/s2
2.00 s 1.50 s
tf ti
F = ma = (64.0 kg)(0.40 m/s2) = 26 N
I Ch. 410
0.100 m/s 0.00 m/s

vf v
a = i = = 0.20 m/s2
0.50 s 0.00 s
tf ti
Givens
Solutions
54. Fapplied = 3.00 102 N
Fnet = Fapplied Fg sin q = 0
Fg = 1.22 104 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
Fapplied
sin q =
Fg
3.00 102 N
Fapplied
q = sin1 = sin1
1.22 104 N
Fg
q = 1.41
Forces and the Laws of Motion, Standardized Test Prep

3. Fx,1 = 82 N
Fx,net = Fx,1 + Fx,2 = 82 N 115 N = 33 N
Fx,2 = 115 N
Fy,net = Fy,1 + Fy,2 = 565 N 236 N = 329 N
Fy,1 = 565 N
2
)2 = (
N
)2
+(32
)2
Fnet = (F
x,
(F
33

9N

ne
t)+
y,n
et
Fy,2 = 236 N
Fnet = 1.
N2+
N2 = 1.
N2 = 3.30 102 N
09
103
1.0
8105
09
105

Fy,net
329 N
q = tan1 = tan1 = 84 above negative x-axis
Fx,net
33 N
q = 180.0 84 = 96 counterclockwise from the positive x-axis
5. m = 1.5 107 kg
Fnet = 7.5 105 N
vf = 85 km/h
vi = 0 km/h
6.
7.5 105 N
F
=
= 5.0 102 m/s2
a = net
1.5 107 kg
m
(85 km/h 0 km/h)(103 m/km)(1 h/3600 s)
vf v
t = i =
5.0 102 m/s2
a
t = 4.7 102 s
Apply Newtons second law to find an expression for the acceleration of the truck.
ma = Ff = mkFn = mkmg
a = mkg
Because the acceleration of the truck does not depend on the mass of the truck, the
stopping distance will be x regardless of the mass of the truck.
7.
2
vi
+2a
vf =
x = 0
vi 2
a =
2x
The acceleration will be the same regardless of the intial velocity.
a1 = a2 = mkg (see 6.)
vi,12 vi,22
=
2x
2x2
vi,22x
1
where vi,2 = 2vi,1
x2 =
vi,12
2
x
x2 =
=
vi,12
1
v
2 i,1
I Ch. 411
Givens
Solutions
10. m = 3.00 kg
Because the ball is dropped, vi = 0 m/s
y = 176.4 m
y = 2ay t 2
Fw = 12.0 N
2
ay = g = 9.81 m/s
11. m = 3.00 kg
2y
t = =
ay
(2)(176.4 m)

9.81
m/s =
2
6.00 s
12.0 N
F
= = 4.00 m/s2
ax = w
3.00 kg
m
Fw = 23.0 N
t = 6.00 s (see 10.)
12. ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
x = 2ax t2 = 2(4.00 m/s2)(6.00 s)2 = 72.0 m
vy = ay t = (9.81 m/s2)(6.00 s) = 58.9 m/s
t = 6.00 s (see 10.)
vx = ax t = (4.00 m/s2)(6.00 s) = 24.0 m/s
ax = 4.00 m/s2 (see 11.)
2
)2
+(
m/s
)2
v = vx2+
v
4.
0m
/s

58
.9

y = (2
v = 57
s2
+347
s2 = 40
m2/
s2 = 63.6 m/s
6m
2/
0m
2/
50

16. m = 10.0 kg
Fnet,y = Fn + F sin q mg = 0
F = 15.0 N
Fn = mg F sin q
q = 45.0
Fnet,x = F cos q Fk = F cos q mkFn
mk = 0.040
Fnet,x = F cos q mk(mg F sin q)

2
g = 9.81 m/s
F cos q mk(mg F sin q)

F
=
ax = net,x
m
m
(15.0 N)(cos 45.0) (0.040)[(10.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2) (15.0 N)(sin 45.0)]
ax =
10.0 kg
10.6 N 3.5 N 7.1 N

ax = = = 0.71 m/s2
10.0 kg
10.0 kg
a = ax = 0.71 m/s2
I Ch. 412
10.6 N (0.040)(98.1 N 10.6 N) 10.6 N (0.040)(87.5 N)

ax = =
10.0 kg
10.0 kg
Forces and the

Laws of Motion
Givens
Solutions
a.
1.
b.
FEarth-on diver
Fair resistance-on diver
FEarth-on diver
2.
II
Fscale-on-sack
Fchef-on-sack
FEarth-on-sack
3.
Ffloor-on-toy-vertical
Ffloor-on-toy-horizontal
Fhandlebars-on-toy
FEarth-on-toy
1. mw = 75 kg
mp = 275 kg
g = 9.81 m/s2
The normal force exerted by the platform on the weight lifters feet is equal to and
opposite of the combined weight of the weightlifter and the pumpkin.
Fnet = Fn mwg mpg = 0
Fn = (mw + mp)g = (75 kg + 275 kg) (9.81 m/s2)
Fn = (3.50 102 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 3.43 103 N
Fn = 3.43 103 N upward against feet
II Ch. 41
Givens
Solutions
2. mb = 253 kg
Fnet = Fn,1 + Fn,2 mbg mwg = 0
mw = 133 kg
2
g = 9.81 m/s
The weight of the weightlifter and barbell is distributed equally on both feet, so the
normal force on the first foot (Fn,1) equals the normal force on the second foot (Fn,2).
2Fn,1 = (mb + mw)g = 2Fn,2
m
(253 kg + 33 kg) 9.81 2
s
(mb + mb)g
=
Fn,1 = Fn,2 =
2
2
(386 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
Fn,1 = Fn,2 = = 1.89 103 N
2
Fn,1 = Fn,2 = 1.89 103 N upward on each foot
3. Fdown = 1.70 N
Fnet = 4.90 N
Fnet2 = Fforward2 + Fdown2
2
2
Fforward = F

Fdo
)2
(1.
N
)2

w
.9
0N

70

net
n = (4
Fforward = 21
N2 = 4.59 N
.1
II
4. m = 3.10 102 kg
2
Fx,net = Fx = FT,1(sin q1) + FT,2(sin q2) = 0
g = 9.81 m/s
Fy,net = Fy = FT,1(cos q1) + FT,2(cos q2) + Fg = 0
q1 = 30.0
FT,1(sin 30.0) = FT,2[sin (30.0)]
q2 = 30.0
FT,1 = FT,2
FT,1(cos q1) + FT,1(cos q2) = Fg = mg
FT,1(cos 30.0) + FT,1[cos (30.0)] = (3.10 102 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
(3.10 102 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
FT,1 =
(2)(cos 30.0)[cos(30.0)]
FT,1 = FT,2 = 1.76 103 N
As the angles q1 and q2 become larger, cos q1 and cos q2 become smaller. Therefore,
FT,1 and FT,2 must become larger in magnitude.
II Ch. 42
Givens
Solutions
5. m = 155 kg
Fx,net = FT,1(cos q1) FT,2(cos q2) = 0
FT,1 = 2FT,2
2
g = 9.81 m/s
q1 = 90 q2
Fy,net = FT,1(sin q1) + FT,2(sin q2) mg = 0

1
FT,1[(cos q1) (cos q2)] = 0
2
2 (cos q1) = cos q2 = cos(90 q1) = sin q1
2 = tan q1
q1 = tan1(2) = 63
q2 = 90 63 = 27
F ,1
FT,1(sin q1) + T(sin
q2) = mg
2
mg
FT,1 =
1
(sin 1) + (sin 2)
2
(155 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
(155 kg)(9.81 m/s2) (155 kg)(9.81 m)
=
FT,1 =
(sin 27) =
0.89 + 0.23
1.12
(sin 63) +
2
FT,1 = 1.36 1.36 103 N
II
FT,2 = 6.80 102 N
1. vi = 173 km/h
vf = 0 km/h
[(0 km/h)2 (173 km/h)2](103 m/km)2(1 h/3600 s)2

vf 2 vi2
a =
=
(2)(0.660 m)
2x
x = 0.660 m
a = 1.75 103 m/s2
m = 70.0 kg
F = ma = (70.0 kg)(1.75 103 m/s2) = 1.22 105 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
Fg = mg = (70.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 6.87 102 N
The force of deceleration is nearly 178 times as large as David Purleys weight.
2. m = 2.232 106 kg
2
a. Fnet = manet = Fup mg
g = 9.81 m/s
Fup = manet + mg = m(anet + g) = (2.232 106 kg)(0 m/s2 + 9.81 m/s2)
anet = 0 m/s2
Fup = 2.19 107 N = mg

b. Fdown = mg(sin q)
F
Fup Fdown mg mg(sin q)
=
=
anet = net
m
m
m
9.81 m/s2
anet = g(1 sin q) = (9.81 m/s2)[1.00 (sin 30.0)] = = 4.90 m/s2
2
anet = 4.90 m/s2 up the incline
3. m = 40.00 mg
= 4.00 105 kg
g = 9.807 m/s2
anet = (400.0)g
Fnet = Fbeetle Fg = manet = m(400.0) g

Fbeetle = Fnet + Fg = m(400.0 + 1)g = m(401)g
Fbeetle = (4.000 105 kg)(9.807 m/s2)(401) = 1.573 101 N
Fnet = Fbeetle Fg = m(400.0) g = (4.000 105 kg)(9.807 m/s2)(400.0)
Fnet = 1.569 101 N
The effect of gravity is negligible.
II Ch. 43
Givens
Solutions
4. ma = 54.0 kg
The net forces on the lifted weight is

Fw,net = mwanet = F mwg
mw = 157.5 kg
2
anet = 1.00 m/s

2
g = 9.81 m/s
where F is the force exerted by the athlete on the weight.

The net force on the athlete is
Fa,net = Fn,1 + Fn,2 F mag = 0
where Fn,1 and Fn,2 are the normal forces exerted by the ground on each of the athletes feet, and F is the force exerted by the lifted weight on the athlete.
The normal force on each foot is the same, so
Fn,1 = Fn,2 = Fn
and
F = 2Fn mag
Using the expression for F in the equation for Fw,net yields the following:
mwanet = (2Fn mag) ma g
2Fn = mw(anet + g) + mag
mw(anet + g) + ma g (157.5 kg)(1.00 m/s2 + 9.81 m/s2) + (54.0 kg)
=
Fn =
2
2
II
(157.5 kg)(10.81 m/s2) + (54.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)

Fn =
2
1702 N + 5.30 102 N 2232 N
Fn = = = 1116 N
2
2
Fn,1 Fn,2 = Fn = 1116 N upward
5. m = 2.20 102 kg
Fnet = manet = Favg mg
anet = 75.0 m/s
Favg = m(anet + g) = (2.20 102 kg)(75.0 m/s2 + 9.81 m/s2)
g = 9.81 m/s2
Favg = (2.20 102 kg)(84.8 m/s2) = 1.87 104 N
t = 2.5
vf v
(1.0 m/s 0.0 m/s)
anet = i = = 0.40 m/s2
2.5 s
t
vi = 0 m/s
Fnet = manet = FT mg
6. m = 2.00 104 kg
FT = manet + mg = m(anet + g)
vf = 1.0 m/s
FT = (2.00 104 kg)(0.40 m/s2 + 9.81 m/s2)
g = 9.81 m/s2
FT = (2.00 104 kg)(10.21 m/s2) = 2.04 105 N

FT = 2.04 105 N
7. m = 2.65 kg
Fx,net = FT,1(cos q1) FT,2(cos q2) = 0
q1 = q2 = 45.0
2
anet = 2.55 m/s

2
g = 9.81 m/s
FT,1(cos 45.0) = FT,2(cos 45.0)

FT,1 = FT,2
Fy,net = manet = FT,1(sin q1) + FT,2(sin q2) mg
FT = FT,1 = FT,2
q = q1 = q2
FT(sin q) + FT(sin q) = m(anet + g)
2FT(sin q) = m(anet + g)
II Ch. 44
Favg = 1.87 104 N upward
Givens
Solutions
m(anet + g) (2.65 kg)(2.55 m/s2 = 9.81 m/s2)
=
FT =
(2)(sin 45.0)
2 (sin q)
(2.65 kg)(12.36 m/s2)
FT = = 23.2 N
(2)(sin 45.0)
FT,1 = 23.2 N
FT,2 = 23.2 N
vf 2 vi2
(0.550 m/s)2 (0.00 m/s)2
anet =
= = 9.76 102 m/s2
2x
(2)(1.55 m)
8. m = 20.0 kg
x = 1.55 m
Fnet = manet = (20.0 kg)(9.76 102 m/s2) = 1.95 N
vi = 0 m/s
vf = 0.550 m/s
Fmax = mmaxg = FT
9. mmax = 70.0 kg
m = 45.0 kg
Fmax = (70.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 687 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
Fnet = manet = FT mg = Fmax mg

687 N
F ax
anet = m
g = 9.81 m/s2 = 15.3 m/s2 9.81 m/s2 = 5.5 m/s2
m
45.0 kg
II
anet = 5.5 m/s2 upward

10. m = 3.18 105 kg
Fnet = Fapplied Ffriction = (81.0 103 62.0 103 N)
Fapplied = 81.0 103 N
Fnet = 19.0 103 N
Ffriction = 62.0 103 N
19.0 103 N
F
=
anet = net
= 5.97 102 m/s2
3.18 105 kg
m
11. m = 3.00 103 kg
Fnet = manet = Fapplied(cos q) Fopposing

3
q = 20.0
Fopposing = (0.120) mg
g = 9.81 m/s2
Fapplied(cos q) (0.120) mg
anet =
m
(4.00 103 N)(cos 20.0) (0.120)(3.00 103 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
anet =
3.00 103 kg
3.76 103 N 3.53 103 N
2.3 102 N
=
anet =
3
3.00 10 kg
3.00 103 kg
anet = 7.7 102 m/s2
12. mc = 1.600 103 kg

3
For the counterweight: The tension in the cable is FT.
mw = 1.200 10 kg
Fnet = FT mwg = mwanet
vi = 0 m/s
For the car:

2
g = 9.81 m/s
Fnet = mcg FT = mcanet
y = 25.0 m
Adding the two equations yields the following:

mcg mwg = (mw + mc)anet
(mc mw)g (1.600 103 kg 1.200 103 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
=
anet =
1.600 103 kg + 1.200 103 kg
mc + mw
(4.00 102 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
anet =
= 1.40 m/s2
2.800 103 kg
II Ch. 45
Givens
Solutions
vf = 2a
m/s
)2
ne

+vi2 = (2
)(
1.
40

2)(2
5.
0m
)+(0m
/s

ty
vf = 8.37 m/s
a. Fnet = Fapplied mg(sin q) = 2080 N (409 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(sin 30.0)
13. m = 409 kg
Fnet = 2080 N 2010 N = 70 N
d = 6.00 m
Fnet = 70 N at 30.0 above the horizontal
q = 30.0
2
g = 9.81 m/s
Fapplied = 2080 N
vi = 0 m/s
70 N
F
= = 0.2 m/s2
b. anet = net
409 kg
m
anet = 0.2 m/s2 at 30.0 above the horizontal
1
1
c. d = vit + anet t 2 = (0 m/s)t + (0.2 m/s2)t2
2
2
t =
II
14. amax = 0.25 m/s2

Fmax = 57 N
0 m)
(
(20).(26.m0
/s) = 8 s
2
57 N
F ax
= 2 = 2.3 102 kg
a. m = m
amax 0.25 m/s
b. Fnet = Fmax Fapp = 57 N 24 N = 33 N
Fapp = 24 N
33 N
F
=
anet = net
= 0.14 m/s2
2.3 102 kg
m
15. m = 2.55 103 kg

3
a. Fx,net = Fx = max,net = FT(cos qT) + Fwind
FT = 7.56 10 N
Fx,net = (7.56 103 N)[cos(72.3)] 920 N = 2.30 103 N 920 N = 1.38 103 N
qT = 72.3
Fy,net = Fy = may,net = FT(sin qT) + Fbuoyant + Fg = FT(sin qT) + Fbuoyant mg
Fbuoyant = 3.10 104 N
Fy,net = (7.56 103 N)[sin(72.3)] = 3.10 104 N (2.55 103 kg)(9.81 m/s2)
Fwind = 920 N
Fy,net = 7.20 103 N + 3.10 104 N 2.50 104 = 1.2 103 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
2
Fnet = (F
)2 = (1
03
N
)2
+(
03
N
)2
x,
(Fy,n
et
.3
81
1.
21
ne
t)+
Fnet = 1.
06
N2+
06
N2
90
1
1.4
1
Fnet = 3.
06
N2 = 1.8 103 N
31

Fy, net
1.2 103 N
= tan1
q = tan1
Fx, net
1.38 103 N
q = 41
Fnet = 1.8 103 N at 41 below the horizontal

1.8 103 N
F
=
b. anet = net
2.55 103 kg
m
y = 45.0 m
vi = 0 m/s
anet = 0.71 m/s2

c. Because vi = 0
1
y = ay,net t2
2
1
x = ax,net t2
2
ax,net
x =
ay,net
45.0 m
x = = 52 m
tan(41)
II Ch. 46
anet(cos q)
y =
anet(sin q)
y
y =
tan q
Givens
Solutions
1. m = 11.0 kg
Fk = mkFn = mkmg
mk = 0.39
Fk = (0.39) (11.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 42.1 N
g = 9.81 m/s2
2. m = 2.20 105 kg
ms = 0.220
g = 9.81 m/s2
3. m = 25.0 kg
Fs,max = msFn = msmg

Fs,max = (0.220)(2.20 105 kg)(9.91 m/s2) = 4.75 105 N
Fs,max = msFm
Fapplied = 59.0 N
Fn = mg(cos q) + Fapplied
q = 38.0
Fs,max = ms[mg(cos q) = Fapplied] = (0.599)[(25.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 38.0 + 59.0 N]
ms = 0.599
g = 9.81 m/s2
Fs,max = (0.599)(193 N + 59 N) = (0.599)(252 N) = 151 N

Alternatively,
Fnet = mg(sin q) Fs,max = 0
II
Fs,max = mg(sin q) = (25.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(sin 38.0) = 151 N

4. q = 38.0
Fnet = mg(sin q) Fk = 0
g = 9.81 m/s2
Fk = mkFn = mkmg(cos q)
mkmg(cos q) = mg(sin q)
sin q
mk = = tan q = tan 38.0
cos q
mk = 0.781
5. q = 5.2
2
g = 9.81 m/s
sin q
mk = = tan q = tan 5.2
cos q
mk = 0.091
II Ch. 47
Givens
Solutions
6. m = 281.5 kg
q = 30.0
F net = 3mg(sin q) ms(3mg)(cos q) Fapplied = 0

Fapplied = mg
(3)(sin 30.0) 1.00
3(sin q) 1.00
3mg(sin q ) mg
ms = = =
(3)(cos 30.0)
3mg(cos q)
3(cos q )
1.50 1.00
0.50
ms = =
(3)(cos 30.0) (3)(cos 30.0)
ms = 0.19
7. m = 1.90 105 kg
ms = 0.460
Fnet = Fapplied Fk = 0
Fk = mkFn = mkmg
g = 9.81 m/s
Fapplied = mkmg = (0.460)(1.90 105 kg)(9.81 m/s2)

II
8. Fapplied = 6.0 103 N

mk = 0.77
Fnet = Fapplied Fk = 0
Fk = mkFn
g = 9.81 m/s
Fapplied 6.0 103 N

= = 7.8 103 N
Fn =
mk
0.77
Fn = mg
F
7.8 103 N
m = n =
= 8.0 102 kg
g
9.81 m/s2
9. Fapplied = 1.13 108 N

ms = 0.741
Fnet = Fapplied Fs,max = 0
Fapplied
1.13 108 N
= 2 = 1.55 102 kg
m=
msg
(0.741)(9.81 m/s
10. m = 3.00 103 kg
q = 31.0
g = 9.81 m/s
sin q
mk = = tan q = tan 31.0
cos q
mk = 0.601
Fk = mkmg(cos q ) = (0.601)(3.00 103 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 31.0)
Fk = 1.52 104 N
Alternatively,
Fk = mg(sin q) = (3.00 103 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(sin 31.0) = 1.52 104 N
II Ch. 48
Fs,max = msFn = msmg
Givens
Solutions
1. Fapplied = 130 N
2
Fnet = manet = Fapplied Fk
anet = 1.00 m/s
Fk = mkFn = mkmg
mk = 0.158
manet + mkmg = Fapplied

2
g = 9.81 m/s
m(anet + mkg) = Fapplied

130 N
Fapplied
=
m=
2
1.00 m/s + (0.158)(9.81 m/s2)
anet + mkg
130 N
130 N
m =
= 51 kg
2
2 =
1.00 m/s + 1.55 m/s
2.55 m/s2
2. Fnet = 2.00 104 N
Fnet = manet = mg(sin q) Fk

q = 10.0
m[g(sin q) mkg(cos q)] = Fnet
mk = 0.797
2.00 104 N
F et
m = n
=
2
(9.81 m/s )[(sin 10.0) (0.797)(cos 10.0)]
g[sin q mk(cos q)]
g = 9.81 m/s
II
2.00 104 N
2.00 104 N
m =
= 2
2
(9.81 m/s )(0.174 0.785) (9.81 m/s )(0.611)
m = 3.34 103 kg
Fn = mg(cos q) = (3.34 103 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 10.0) = 3.23 104 N
3. Fnet = 6.99 103 N
q = 45.0
mk = 0.597
m[g(sin q) mkg(cos q)] = Fnet

6.99 103 N
F et
m = n
=
(9.81 m/s2)[(sin 45.0) (0.597)(cos 45.0)]
g[sin q mk(cos q)]
6.99 103 N
6.99 103 N
m =
=
(9.81 m/s2)(0.707 0.422) (9.81 m/s2)(0.285)
m = 2.50 103 kg
Fn = mg(cos q) = (2.50 103 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 45.0) = 1.73 104 N
4. m = 9.50 kg
Fnet = manet = Fapplied Fk mg(sin q)
q = 30.0
Fapplied = 80.0 N
2
anet = 1.64 m/s

2
g = 9.81 m/s
mkmg(cos q) = Fapplied manet mg(sin q)

Fapplied m[anet + g (sin q)]
mk =
mg(cos q)
80.0 N (9.50 kg)[1.64 m/s2 + (9.81 m/s2)(sin 30.0)]
mk =
(9.50 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 30.0)
II Ch. 49
Givens
Solutions
80.0 N (9.50 kg)[1.64 m/s2 + 4.90 m/s2)
80.0 N (9.50 kg)(6.54 m/s2)
mk =
=
2
(9.50 kg)(9.81 m/s )(cos 30.0)
(9.50 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 30.0)
17.9 N
80.0 N 62.1 N
=
mk =
(9.50 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 30.0)
(9.50 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(cos 30.0)
mk = 0.222
5. m = 1.89 105 kg
5
Fnet = manet = Fapplied Fk
Fapplied = 7.6 10 N
Fk = Fapplied manet = 7.6 105 N (1.89 105)(0.11 m/s2) = 7.6 105 N 2.1 104 N
anet = 0.11 m/s2
Fk = 7.4 105 N
6. q = 38.0
mk = 0.100
2
g = 9.81 m/s
manet = mg[sin q mk(cos q)]

anet = g[sin q mk(cos q)] = (9.81 m/s2)[(sin 38.0) (0.100)(cos 38.0)]
anet = (9.81 m/s2)(0.616 7.88 102) = (9.81 m/s2)(0.537)
II
anet = 5.27 m/s2

Acceleration is independent of the riders and sleds masses. (Masses cancel.)
7. t = 6.60 s
q = 34.0
mk = 0.198
manet = mg[sin q mk(cos q)]

2
g = 9.81 m/s
anet = g[sin q mk(cos q)] = (9.81 m/s2)[(sin 34.0) (0.198)(cos 34.0)]
vi = 0 m/s
anet = (9.81 m/s2)(0.559 0.164) = (9.81 m/s2)(0.395)

anet = 3.87 m/s2
vf = 25.5 m/s2 = 92.0 km/h
II Ch. 410
vf = vi + anett = 0 m/s + (3.87 m/s2)(6.60 s)
Study Guide Answers
Forces and the

Laws of Motion
Changes in Motion, p. 19
1. The diagram should show two forces: 1) Fg (or mg)
pointing down; 2) an equal and opposite force of the
floor on the box pointing up.
2. The diagram should show four forces: 1) Fg (or mg)
pointing down; 2) an equal and opposite force of the
floor on the box pointing up; 3) F pointing to the right,
parallel to the ground; 4) Fresistance pointing to the left,
parallel to the ground.
3. The diagram should show four forces: 1) Fg (or mg)

pointing down; 2) F pointing to the right at a 50 angle
to the horizontal; 3) a force equal to Fg minus the vertical
component of the force F being applied at a 50 angle;
and 4) Fresistance to the left, parallel to the ground.
Newtons First Law, p. 20

1. Fnet = F1 + F2 + F3 = 0
2. String 1: 0, mg
4. F1 = 20.6 N
String 3: F3 cos q2 , F3 sin q2

3. Fx net = F2 cos q1 + F3 cos q2 = 0
F2 = 10.3 N
Fy net =
F2 sin q1 + F3 sin q2 + F1 = 0
F3 = 17.8 N
String 2: F2 cos q1, F2 sin q1
Newtons Second and Third Laws, p. 21

1. Fs on b and Fb on s ; Fg on s and Fs on g; Ffr,1 and Ffr,1;
Ffr,2 and Ffr,2.
2. Fs on b, Fb on s , Ffr,1
5. Fy,box = Fs on b mg = 0
6. Fx,sled = Ma = F cos q Ffr,1 Ffr,2
3. Fg on s , Fs on g ; Fb on s , Ffr,1, F, Ffr,2
4. Fx,box = ma = Ffr,1
7. Fy,sled = Fg on s + F sin q Fb on s Mg = 0
III
Everyday Forces, p. 22
1. 44 N
3. a. 21 N, up the ramp
2. 31 N
4. a. 18 N, down the ramp
b. yes
b. yes

1. a. at rest, moves to the left, hits back wall
b. m2 a
b. moves to the right (with velocity v), at rest, neither
c. F m2 a = m1a
c. moves to the right, moves to the right, hits front wall
m1
d.
F
m1 + m2
2. a. mg, down
b. mg, up
c. no
d. yes
F
3. a. a =
m1 + m2
F Fk
4. a. a =
m1 + m2
b. m2 a Fk
c. F m2 a Fk = m1a Fk
m1
d.
(F Fk)
m1 + m2
Section ThreeStudy Guide Answers
III5
Motion In
One Dimension
Motion In One Dimension, Practice A
Givens
1. vavg = 0.98 m/s east
t = 34 min
2. t = 15 min
vavg = 12.5 km/h south
3. t = 9.5 min
vavg = 1.2 m/s north
4. vavg = 48.0 km/h east
x = 144 km east
5. vavg = 56.0 km/h east
x = 144 km east
6. x1 = 280 km south
vavg,1 = 88 km/h south
t2 = 24 min
vavg,2 = 0 km/h
x3 = 210 km south
vavg,3 = 75 km/h south
Solutions
x = vavg t = (0.98 m/s)(34 min)(60 s/min)
x = 2.0 103 m = 2.0 km east
1h
x = vavg t = (12.5 km/h)(15 min)
60 min
x = 3.1 km
x = vavg t = (1.2 m/s) (9.5 min)(60 s/min)

x = 680 m north
144 km
x
t = = = 3.00 h
vavg 48.0 km/h
144 km
x
t = = = 2.57 h
vavg 56.0 km/h
time saved = 3.00 h 2.57 h = 0.43 h = 25.8 min
x1
x3
a. ttot = t1 + t2 + t3 = + t2 +
vavg,1
vavg,3

280 km
1h
210 km
ttot =
+ (24 min) +
88 km/h
60 min
75 km/h
ttot = 3.2 h + 0.40 h + 2.8 h = 6.4 h = 6 h 24 min
xtot x1 + x2 + x3
b. vavg, tot =
=
ttot
t1 + t2 + t3
1h
x2 = vavg,2 t2 = (0 km/h)(24 min) = 0 km
60 min
280 km + 0 km + 210 km 490 km
vavg, tot = = = 77 km/h south
6.4 h
6.4 h
Motion In One Dimension, Section 1 Review

1. v = 3.5 mm/s x = 8.4 cm
x
8.4 cm
t = = = 24 s
v
0.35 cm/s
2. v = 1.5 m/s x = 9.3 m
9.3 m
x
t = = = 6.2 s
1.5 m/s
v
I Ch. 21
Givens
Solutions
3. x1 = 50.0 m south
t1 = 20.0 s
x2 = 50.0 m north
t2 = 22.0 s
x
50.0 m
a. vavg,1 = 1 = = 2.50 m/s south
t1
20.0 s
x
50.0 m
b. vavg,2 = 2 = = 2.27 m/s north
t2
22.0 s
xtot = x1 + x2 = (50.0 m) + (50.0 m) = 0.0 m
ttot = t1 + t2 = 20.0 s + 22.0 s = 42.0 s
xtot 0.0 m
vavg =
= = 0.0 m/s
ttot 42.0 s
4. v1 = 0.90 m/s
v2 = 1.90 m/s
x = 780 m
780 m
x
a. t1 = = = 870 s
v1 0.90 m/s
780 m
x
t2 = = = 410 s
v2 1.90 m/s
t1 t2 = 870 s 410 s = 460 s
t1 t2 =
(5.50 min)(60 s/min) =
3.30 102 s
b. x1 = v1t1
x2 = v2t2
x1 = x2
v1t1 = v2t2
v1[t2 + (3.30 102 s)] = v2t2
v1t2 + v1(3.30 102 s) = v2t2
t2 (v1 v2) = v1(3.30 102 s)
2
(0.90 m/s)(3.30 102 s)
v1(3.30 102 s) (0.90 m/s)(3.30 10 s)
= =
t2 =
0.90 m/s 1.90 m/s
1.00 m/s
v1 v2
t2 = 3.0 102 s
t1 = t2 + (3.30 102 s) = (3.0 102 s) + (3.30 102 s) = 630 s
x2 = v2 t2 = (1.90 m/s)(3.0 102 s) = 570 m
Motion In One Dimension, Practice B

1. aavg = 4.1 m/s2
vi = 9.0 m/s
vf vi
v
9.0 m/s
0.0 m/s 9.0 m/s
t = = =
= 2 = 2.2 s
aavg
aavg
4.1 m/s
4.1 m/s2
vf = 0.0 m/s
2. aavg = 2.5 m/s2
vi = 7.0 m/s
v vf vi
5.0 m/s
12.0 m/s 7.0 m/s
t = = =
= 2 = 2.0 s
aavg
aavg
2.5 m/s
2.5 m/s2
vf = 12.0 m/s
3. aavg = 1.2 m/s2
vi = 6.5 m/s
vf vi
6.5 m/s
0.0 m/s 6.5 m/s
t = =
= 2 = 5.4 s
aavg
1.2 m/s
1.2 m/s2
vf = 0.0 m/s
I Ch. 22
x1 = v1t1 = (0.90 m/s)(630 s) = 570 m
Givens
4. vi = 1.2 m/s
vf = 6.5 m/s
Solutions
vf vi 6.5 m/s (1.2 m/s) 5.3 m/s
aavg = = = = 3.5 103 m/s2
(25 min)(60 s/min)
1500 s
t
t = 25 min
5. aavg = 4.7 103 m/s2
t = 5.0 min
a. v = aavg t = (4.7 103 m/s2)(5.0 min)(60 s/min) = 1.4 m/s

b. vf = v + vi = 1.4 m/s + 1.7 m/s = 3.1 m/s
vi = 1.7 m/s
Motion In One Dimension, Practice C

1. vi = 0.0 m/s
vf = 6.6 m/s
x = 2(vi + vf )t = 2(0.0 m/s + 6.6 m/s)(6.5 s) = 21 m
t = 6.5 s
2. vi = 15.0 m/s
x = 2(vi + vf )t = 2(15.0 m/s + 0.0 m/s)(2.50 s) = 18.8 m
vf = 0.0 m/s
t = 2.50 s
3. vi = 21.8 m/s
x = 99 m
2x
(2)(99 m)
t = = = 9.1 s
vi + vf 21.8 m/s + 0.0 m/s
vf = 0.0 m/s
4. vi = 6.4 m/s
x = 3.2 km
(2)(3.2 103 m)
2x
vf = vi = 6.4 m/s = 3.0 101 m/s 6.4 m/s = 24 m/s
(3.5 min)(60 s/min)
t
t = 3.5 min
Motion In One Dimension, Practice D

1. vi = 6.5 m/s
vf = vi + at = 6.5 m/s + (0.92 m/s2)(3.6 s)
a = 0.92 m/s2
vf = 6.5 m/s + 3.3 m/s = 9.8 m/s
t = 3.6 s
x = vi t + 2at 2
x = (6.5 m/s)(3.6 s) + 2(0.92 m/s2)(3.6 s)2

x = 23 m + 6.0 m = 29 m
2. vi = 4.30 m/s
a = 3.00 m/s2
t = 5.00 s
vf = vi + at = 4.30 m/s + (3.00 m/s2)(5.00 s)

vf = 4.30 m/s + 15.0 m/s = 19.3 m/s
1
x = vi t + 2at 2
1
x = (4.30 m/s)(5.00 s) + 2(3.00 m/s2)(5.00 s)2

x = 21.5 m + 37.5 m = 59.0 m
I Ch. 23
Givens
Solutions
3. vi = 0.0 m/s
vf = vi + at = 0 m/s + (1.5 m/s2)(5.0 s) = 7.5 m/s

1
t = 5.0 s
x = vi t + 2at 2 = (0 m/s)(5.0 s) + 2(1.5 m/s2)(5.0 s)2 = 19 m
a = 1.5 m/s2
distance traveled = 19 m
4. vi = 15.0 m/s
a = 2.0 m/s2
vf = 10.0 m/s
vf vi 10.0 m/s 15.0 m/s 5.0

t = =
= s = 2.5 s
a
2.0 m/s2
2.0
1
x = vi t + 2at 2
1
x = (15.0 m/s)(2.5 s) + 2(2.0 m/s2)(2.5 s)2

x = 38 m + (6.2 m) = 32 m
distance traveled during braking = 32 m
Motion In One Dimension, Practice E

1. vi = 0 m/s
a = 0.500 m/s2
x = 6.32 m
2. vi = +7.0 m/s
a = +0.80 m/s2
x = 245 m
2
vf = v

i + 2ax
vf = (0
m/s
)2 + (2)(0.500
m/s2)(6.32
m) = 6.32
m2
/s2 = 2.51 m/s

vf = +2.51 m/s
a. vf =
vi2 + 2ax
vf = (7.0
m
/s)2 + (2)(0.80
m/s2)(245
m)

vf = 49
m2/
s2 + 390
m2/s2 = 44

0m
2/s2 = 21 m/s
vf = +21 m/s
x = 125 m
b. vf = (7
m/s
m)
.0

)2+(2)
(0
.8
0m
/s
2)(1
25

vf =

49
m2/
s2
+(2.
02
m2/
s2) = 25
s2

01
0m
2/
x = 67 m
c. vf = (7
m/s
)2
+(2)
m2/
s2 + 110
m2/s2
.0

(0
.8
0m
/s
2)(6
7m
) = 49
vf = 16
s2 = 13 m/s = +13 m/s
0m
2/
3. vi = 0 m/s
a = 2.3 m/s2
x = 55 m
a. vf = vi 2+
m/s
)2
+(2)
m/s
2a
x = (0

(2
.3

2)(5
5m
)
vf = 25
0m
2/s2 = 16 m/s
car speed = 16 m/s
vf
16 m/s
b. t = = 2 = 7.0 s
a 2.3 m/s
4. vi = 6.5 m/s
vf = 1.5 m/s
vf 2 vi2 (1.5 m/s)2 (6.5 m/s)2

40 m2/s2
= 7.4 m
x = =
=
5.4 m/s2
(2)(2.7 m/s2)
2a
a = 2.7 m/s2
I Ch. 24
vf = 16 m/s = +16 m/s
Givens
Solutions
vf 2 vi2 (33 m/s)2 (0.0 m/s)2
2
a = = = 2.3 m/s
(2)(240 m)
2x
5. vi = 0.0 m/s
vf = 33 m/s
x = 240 m
6. a = 0.85 m/s2
vi = 83 km/h
vf = 94 km/h
vi = (83 km/h)(103 m/km)(1 h/3600 s) = 23 m/s
vf = (94 km/h)(103 m/km)(1 h/3600 s) = 26 ms

vf 2 vi2 (26 m/s)2 (23 m/s)2
x = =
(2)(0.85 m/s2)
2a
680 m2/s2 530 m2/s2

x =
(2)(0.85 m/s2)
150 m2/s2
x =
= 88 m
(2)(0.85 m/s2)
distance traveled = 88 m

1. a = +2.60 m/s2
vi = 24.6 m/s
vf = 26.8 m/s
2.2 m/s
t = 2 = 0.85 s
2.60 m/s
vf = 12.5 m/s
vf vi 12.5 m/s 0 m/s

a. a = = = +5.0 m/s2
t
2.5 s
t = 2.5 s
b. x = vit + 2at 2 = (0 m/s)(2.5 s) + 2(5.0 m/s2)(2.5 s)2 = +16 m
3. vi = 0 m/s
vf vi 26.8 m/s 24.6 m/s

t = =
a
2.60 m/s2
x 16 m
c. vavg = = = +6.4 m/s
t 2.5 s
Motion In One Dimension, Practice F

1. y = 239 m
a. vf = vi 2+
m/s
)2
+(2)
2a
y = (0

(
3.
7m
/s
2)(
23
9m
)
vi = 0 m/s
2
a = 3.7 m/s
3 2 2
10
m /
s = 42 m/s
vf = 1.8
vf = 42 m/s
vf v
42 m/s 0 m/s
b. t = i =
= 11 s
a
3.7 m/s2
2. y = 25.0 m
vi = 0 m/s
a = 9.81 m/s2
a. vf = vi 2+
m/s
)2
+(2)
m/s
m)
2a
y = (0

(
9.
81

2)(
25
.0
vf = 4.9
02
m2/
s2 = 22.1 m/s
01
= 2.25 s
b. t = =
a
9.81 m/s2
I Ch. 25
Givens
Solutions
3. vi = +8.0 m/s
a = 9.81 m/s2
2
a. vf = v
m/s
)2
+(2)
m/s
m)
= (8
.0

(
9.
81

2)(0

i + 2ay
vf = 64
m2/
s2 = 8.0 m/s = 8.0 m/s

vf vi 8.0 m/s 8.0 m/s 16.0 m/s
b. t = =
= 2 = 1.63 s
a
9.81 m/s
9.81 m/s2
y = 0 m
I
4. vi = +6.0 m/s
vf = +1.1 m/s2
a = 9.81 m/s2
vf 2 vi 2
(1.1 m/s)2 (6.0 m/s)2
y = =
(2)(9.81 m/s2)
2a
1.2 m2/s2 36 m2/s2
35 m2/s2
= +1.8 m
y =
=
19.6 m/s2
19.6 m/s2

2. vi = 0 m/s
t = 1.5 s
a = 9.81 m/s2
y = vi t + 2at 2 = (0 m/s)(1.5 s) + 2(9.81 m/s2)(1.5 s)2

y = 0 m + (11 m) = 11 m
the distance to the waters surface = 11 m
Motion In One Dimension, Chapter Review

7. t = 0.530 h
x = vavg t = (19.0 km/h)(0.530 h) = 10.1 km east
vavg = 19.0 km/h east

8. t = 2.00 h, 9.00 min, 21.0 s
vavg = 5.436 m/s
x = vavg t = (5.436 m/s) [(2.00 h)(3600 s/h) + (9.00 min)(60 s/min) + 21.0 s]
x = (5.436 m/s)(7200 s + 540 s + 21.0 s) = (5.436 m/s)(7760 s)
x = 4.22 104 m = 4.22 101 km
a. xA = +70.0 m
distance between
b. xB = 70.0 m + 70.0 m = +140.0 m
poles = 70.0 m
xA 70.0 m
c. vavg,A =
= = +14 m/s
t
5.0 s
x
140 m
d. vavg,B = B = = +28 m/s
t
5.0 s
I Ch. 26
9. t = 5.00 s
Givens
Solutions
10. v1 = 80.0 km/h
a. x1 = v1t1 = (80.0 km/h)(30.0 min)(1 h/60 min) = 40.0 km
t1 = 30.0 min
x2 = v2 t2 = (105 km/h)(12.0 min)(1 h/60 min) = 21.0 km
v2 = 105 km/h
x3 = v3 t3 = (40.0 km/h)(45.0 min)(1 h/60 min) = 30.0 km
t2 = 12.0 min
x4 = v4 t4 = (0 km/h)(15.0 min)(1 h/60 min) = 0 km
v3 = 40.0 km/h
xtot x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
=
vavg =
ttot
t1 + t2 + t3 + t4
t3 = 45.0 min
v4 = 0 km/h
t4 = 15.0 min
40.0 km + 21.0 km + 30.0 km + 0 km

vavg =
(30.0 min + 12.0 min + 45.0 min + 15.0 min)(1 h/60 min)
91.0 km
vavg = = 53.5 km/h
(102.0 min)(1 h/60 min)
b. xtot = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
xtot = 40.0 km + 21.0 km + 30.0 km + 0 km = 91.0 km
11. vA = 9.0 km/h east

= +9.0 km/h
xA = vA t = x xi, A
xB = vB t = x xi, B
xi, A = 6.0 km west of

flagpole = 6.0 km
xA xB = (x xi, A) (x xi, B) = xi, B xi, A
vB = 8.0 km/h west
11.0 km
5.0 km (6.0 km)
xi, B xi, A
= =
t =
9.0 km/h (8.0 km/h)
17.0 km/h
vA vB
= 8.0 km/h
xi, B = 5.0 km east of
flagpole = +5.0 km
x = distance from flagpole
to point where runners
paths cross
xA xB = vA t vB t = (vA vB) t
t = 0.647 h
xA = vAt = (9.0 km/h)(0.647 h) = 5.8 km
xB = vBt = (8.0 km/h)(0.647 h) = 5.2 km
for runner A, x = xA + xi, A = 5.8 km + (6.0 km) = 0.2 km
x = 0.2 km west of the flagpole
for runner B, x = xB + xi, B = 5.2 km + (5.0 km) = 0.2 km
x = 0.2 km west of the flagpole
I Ch. 27
Givens
Solutions
16. vi = +5.0 m/s
v vf v
8.0 m/s 5.0 m/s
3.0 m/s
t = = i =
= 2
aav g
aavg
0.75 m/s2
0.75 m/s
aavg = +0.75 m/s2

vf = +8.0 m/s
t = 4.0 s
I
17. For 0 s to 5.0 s:
vi = 6.8 m/s
vf = 6.8 m/s
For 0 s to 5.0 s,
vf vi 6.8 m/s (6.8 m/s)
aavg = = = 0.0 m/s2
t
5.0 s
t = 5.0 s
For 5.0 s to 15.0 s:
vi = 6.8 m/s
vf = +6.8 m/s
For 5.0 s to 15.0 s,

vf vi 6.8 m/s (6.8 m/s) 13.6 m/s
aavg = = = = +1.36 m/s2
t
10.0 s
10.0 s
t = 10.0 s
For 0 s to 20.0 s:
vi = 6.8 m/s
vf = +6.8 m/s
For 0 s to 20.0 s,
vf vi 6.8 m/s (6.8 m/s) 13.6 m/s
aavg = = = = +0.680 m/s2
t
20.0 s
20.0 s
t = 20.0 s
18. vi = 75.0 km/h = 21.0 m/s
vf = 0 km/h = 0 m/s
t = 21 s
x = 220 m
1
19. vi = 0 m/s
x = 2(vi + vf) t = 2(21.0 m/s + 0 m/s)(21.0 s) = 2(21.0 m/s)(21 s)
x = 2 (vi + vf) t = 2(0 m/s + 18 m/s)(12 s) = 110 m
vf = 18 m/s
vf = vi + at = 7.0 m/s + (0.80 m/s2)(2.0 s) = 7.0 m/s + 1.6 m/s = +8.6 m/s
20. vi = +7.0 m/s

a = +0.80 m/s2
t = 2.0 s
a. vf = vi + at = 0 m/s + (3.00 m/s2)(5.0 s) = 15 m/s
21. vi = 0 m/s
a = 3.00 m/s 2
t = 5.0 s
22. vi = 0 m/s
b. x = vi t + 2at 2 = (0 m/s)(5.0 s) + 2(3.00 m/s2)(5.0 s)2 = 38 m
For the first time interval,
t 1 = 5.0 s
vf = vi + a1t1 = 0 m/s + (1.5 m/s2)(5.0 s) = +7.5 m/s
a1 = +1.5 m/s2
x 1 = vi t1 + 2 a1 t12 = (0 m/s)(5.0 s) + 2 (1.5 m/s2)(5.0 s)2 = +19 m
t 2 = 3.0 s
For the second time interval,

2
a2 = 2.0 m/s
vi = +7.5 m/s
vf = vi + a2t2 = 7.5 m/s + (2.0 m/s2)(3.0 s) = 7.5 m/s 6.0 m/s = +1.5 m/s
1
x 2 = vit2 + 2 a2 t2 = (7.5 m/s)(3.0 s) + 2 (2.0 m/s2)(3.0 s)2 = 22 m 9.0 m = +13 m

x tot = x1 + x2 = 19 m + 13 m = +32 m
I Ch. 28
t = 12 s
Givens
Solutions
23. a = 1.40 m/s2
vf 2 vi2 (7.00 m/s)2 (0 m/s)2 49.0 m2/s2

x = =
=
= 17.5 m
2a
2.80 m/s2
(2)(1.40 m/s2)
vi = 0 m/s
vf = 7.00 m/s
24. vi = 0 m/s
a. vf = vi2+
m/s
m) = 12
2a
x = (0

)2+(2)
(0
.2
1m
/s
2)(2
80

0m
2/s2 = 11 m/s
a = 0.21 m/s2
vf = 11 m/s
x = 280 m
vf v
11 m/s 0 m/s
b. t = i =
= 52 s
a
0.21 m/s2
25. vi = +1.20 m/s

a = 0.31 m/s2
x = +0.75 m
30. vi = 0 m/s
vf =
vi2+
)2
+(2)
m/s
2a
x = (1
.2
0m
/s

(
0.
31

2)(0
.7
5m
)
vf = 1.
m2/
s2
0.4
s2 = 0.98
m2
/s2 = 0.99 m/s = +0.99 m/s
44

6m
2/
When vi = 0 m/s,
y = 80.0 m
2
a = 9.81 m/s
v 2 = 2ay
v = 2ay

v = (2
m/s
m )
)(
9.
81

2)(
80
.0

2 2
v = 15
m/s
70

v = 39.6 m/s
31. vi = 0 m/s
When vi = 0 m/s,
2
a = 9.81 m/s
y = 76.0 m
32. vi, 1 = +25 m/s

vi, 2 = 0 m/s
t =
)(76.0 m)
= 3.94 s

2ay = (2
9.81
m/s
2
y1 = y yi, 1 = vi, 1 t + 2at 2

1
a = 9.81 m/s
yi, 1 = 0 m
y2 = y yi, 2 = vi, 2 t + 2at 2

y1 y2 = (y yi, 1) (y yi, 2) = yi, 2 yi, 1
1
y1 y2 = (vi, 1 t + 2at 2) (vi, 2 t + 2at 2) = (vi, 1 vi, 2) t
yi, 2 = 15 m
y1 y2 = yi, 2 yi, 1 = (vi, 1 vi, 2)t
y = distance from ground

to point where both balls
are at the same height
yi, 2 yi, 1
15 m 0 m
15 m
= = = 0.60 s
t =
vi, 1 vi, 2 25 m/s 0 m/s 25 m/s
33. vavg = 27 800 km/h

rearth = 6380 km
x = 320.0 km
circumference = 2p(rearth + x)
circumference 2p (6380 km + 320.0 km)
2p(6.70 103 km)
t = = = = 1.51 h
vavg
27 800 km/h
27 800 km/h
I Ch. 29
Givens
Solutions
34.
a. For y = 0.20 m = maximum height of ball, t = 0.20 s

b. For y = 0.10 m = one-half maximum height of ball,
t = 0.06 s as ball goes up
t = 0.34 s as ball comes down

c. Estimating v from t = 0.04 s to t = 0.06 s:
x 0.10 m 0.07 m 0.03 m
v = = = = + 2 m/s
t
0.06 s 0.04 s
0.02 s
Estimating v from t = 0.09 s to t = 0.11 s:
x 0.15 m 0.13 m 0.02 m
v = = = = +1 m/s
t
0.11 s 0.09 s
0.02 s
x 0.19 m 0.18 m 0.01 m
v = = = = + 0.5 m/s
t
0.16 s 0.14 s
0.02 s
x 0.20 m 0.20 m
v = = = 0 m/s
t
0.21 s 0.19 s
v 0 m/s 2 m/s 2 m/s
d. a = = = = 10 m/s2
t
0.20 s 0 s
0.20 s
tAB + tBC + tCD =

5.00 min
xAB
2xAB
xAB
tAB =
=
=
vAB,avg (vB + 0)
vB
2
xBC
Because the trains velocity is constant from B to C, tBC =
.
vB
xCD
2xCD
xCD
tCD =
=
=
(0
+
v
)
vCD,avg
vB
B
2
t
t
= tBC = CD
, or
Because xAB = xBC = xCD , AB
2
2
tAB = tCD = 2tBC.
We also know that tAB + tBC + tCD = 5.00 min.
Thus, the time intervals are as follows:
a. tAB = 2.00 min
b. tBC = 1.00 min
c. tCD = 2.00 min
I Ch. 210
35. xAB = xBC = xCD
Givens
Solutions
36. y = 19.6 m
2 2ay = (14.7 m/s)2 + (2)(9.81 m/s2)(19.6 m)

a. vf,1 = vi

,1+
vi,1 = 14.7 m/s

vi,2 = +14.7 m/s
2
a = 9.81 m/s
vf,1 = 21
s2
+385
m2/
s2 = 60
s2 = 24.5 m/s = 24.5 m/s
6m
2/

1m
2/
vf,2 = vi,2
m/s
m)
2+2a
y = (1
4.
7m
/s
)2+(2)
(
9.
81

2)(
19
.6
vf,2 = 21
s2
+385
m2/
s2 = 60
s2 = 24.5 m/s = 24.5 m/s
6m
2/

1m
2/
vf,1 vi,1 24.5 m/s (14.7 m/s)

9.8 m/s
t1 = =
= 2 = 1.0 s
a
9.81 m/s
9.81 m/s2
vf,2 vi,2 24.5 m/s 14.7 m/s 39.2 m/s
= 2 = 4.00 s
t2 = =
a
9.81 m/s
9.81 m/s2
difference in time = t2 t1 = 4.00 s 1.0 s = 3.0 s
b. vf,1 = 24.5 m/s (See a.)
vf,2 = 24.5 m/s (See a.)
t = 0.800 s
c. y1 = vi,1t + 2at 2 = (14.7 m/s)(0.800 s) + 2(9.81 m/s2)(0.800 s)2

y1 = 11.8 m 3.14 m = 14.9 m
1
y2 = vi,2 t + 2at 2 = (14.7 m/s)(0.800 s) + 2(9.81 m/s2)(0.800 s)2

y2 = 11.8 m 3.14 m = +8.7 m
distance between balls = y2 y1 = 8.7 m (14.9 m) = 23.6 m
37. For the first time interval:
While the rocket accelerates,

1
vi = 0 m/s
y1 = v1t + 2at 2 = (0 m/s)(3.98 s) + 2(29.4 m/s2)(3.98 s)2 = +233 m
a = +29.4 m/s2
vf = vi + at = 0 m/s + (29.4 m/s2)(3.98 s) = +117 m/s
t = 3.98 s
For the second time interval:
vi = +117 m/s
After the rocket runs out of fuel,
a = 9.81 m/s2
vf 2 vi 2 (0 m/s)2 (117 m/s)2

y2 = =
= +698 m
2a
(2)(9.81 m/s2)
vf = 0 m/s
total height reached by rocket = y1 + y2 = 233 m + 698 m = 931 m
I Ch. 211
Givens
Solutions
38. v1 = 85 km/h
16 km
x
a. t1 = = = 0.19 h
v1 85 km/h
v2 = 115 km/h
16 km
x
t2 = = = 0.14 h
v2 115 km/h
x = 16 km
The faster car arrives t1 t2 = 0.19 h 0.14 h = 0.05 h earlier.

t1 t2 = 15 min
= 0.25 h
b. x = t1 v1 = t2 v2
x (v2 v1) = xv2 xv1 = (t1 v1)v2 (t2 v2)v1
x (v2 v1) = (t1 t2 )v2 v1
(115 km/h)(85 km/h)

v v1
x = (t1 t2) 2
= (0.25 h)
(115 km/h) (85 km/h)
v2 v1
(115 km/h)(85 km/h)

x = (0.25 h) = 81 km
(30 km/h)
vf = vi + at = 1.3 m/s + (9.81 m/s2)(2.5 s)
39. vi = 1.3 m/s

a = 9.81 m/s2
t = 2.5 s
vf = 1.3 m/s 25 m/s = 26 m/s

1
xkit = 2(vi + vf )t = 2(1.3 m/s 26 m/s)(2.5 s)

1
xkit = 2(27 m/s)(2.5 s) = 34 m

xclimber = (1.3 m/s)(2.5 s) = 3.2 m
The distance between the kit and the climber is xclimber xkit .
xclimber xkit = 3.2 m (34 m) = 31 m
40. vi = +0.50 m/s
t = 2.5 s
a. vf = vi + at = 0.50 m/s + (9.81 m/s2)(2.5 s) = 0.50 m/s 25 m/s

vf = 24 m/s
2
1
b. xfish = 2(vi + vf )t = 2(0.50 m/s 24 m/s)(2.5 s)

1
xfish = 2(24 m/s)(2.5 s) = 30 m

xpelican = (0.50 m/s)(2.5 s) = +1.2 m
The distance between the fish and the pelican is xpelican xfish .
xpelican xfish = 1.2 m (30 m) = 31 m
41. vi = 56 km/h
vf = 0 m/s
a = 3.0 m/s2
xtot = 65 m
For the time interval during which the ranger decelerates,

vf v 0 m/s (56 103 m/h)(1 h/3600 s)
= 5.2 s
t = i =
a
3.0 m/s2
1
x = vi t + 2at 2 = (56 103 m/h)(1 h/3600 s)(5.2 s) + 2(3.0 m/s2)(5.2 s)2

x = 81 m 41 m = 4.0 101 m
maximum reaction distance = xtot x = 65 m (4.0 101 m) = 25 m
maximum reaction distance
maximum reaction time =
vi
25 m
maximum reaction time =
= 1.6 s
(56 103 m/h)(1 h/3600 s)
I Ch. 212
a = 9.81 m/s
42. vs = 30.0 m/s
a. xs = xp
vi,p = 0 m/s
xs = vs t
2
ap = 2.44 m/s
Because vi,p = 0 m/s,

1
xp = 2a p t 2
vs t =
1
a t 2
2 p
2v (2)(30.0 m/s)
t = s =
= 24.6 s
ap
2.44 m/s2
b. xs = vs t = (30.0 m/s)(24.6 s) = 738 m
1
or xp = 2a p t 2 = 2(2.44 m/s2)(24.6 s)2 = 738 m

43. For t1:
When vi = 0 m/s,
1
vi = 0 m/s
x1 = 2at12
a = +13.0 m/s2
t2 = 90.0 s t1
vf = v
x2 = vt2 = v(90.0 s t1)

1
For t2 :
a = 0 m/s2
v = constant velocity
xtot = +5.30 103 m
ttot = t1 + t2 = 90.0 s
xtot = x1 + x2 = 2at12 + v(90.0 s t1)

v = vf during the first time interval = at1
1
xtot = 2at12 + at1(90.0 s t1) = 2at12 + (90.0 s)at1 at12

1
xtot = 2at12 + (90.0 s)at1

1
at 2
1
2
(90.0 s)at1 + xtot = 0
Using the quadratic equation,

(90.0 s)(a) [(90.0 s)(a)]2 42a(xtot)

t1 =
1
22a
s)(13.0
m/s2
)]2 2(13.0
m/s)(5.3
103
m)
(90.0 s)(13.0 m/s2) [(90.0

0
t1 =
2
13.0 m/s
1170 m/s (1.37

106 m2
/s2)
(1.38
105 m2
/s2)

t1 =
13.0 m/s2
6 m2/s2
60 m/s
m/s 1110 m/s
1170 m/s
1.23 10

= 1170
= 2 = 5 s
t1 =
2
2
13.0 m/s
13.0 m/s
13.0 m/s
t2 = ttot t1 = 90.0 s 5 s = 85 s
v = at1 = (13.0 m/s2)(5 s) = +60 m/s
I Ch. 213
Givens
Solutions
44. x1 = +5800 m
a = 7.0 m/s2
vi = +60 m/s (see 43.)
vf = 0 m/s
vf 2 vi2 (0 m/s)2 (60 m/s)2

a. x2 = =
= + 300 m
2a
(2)(7.0 m/s2)
sleds final position = x 1 + x2 = 5800 m + 300 m = 6100 m
vf vi 0 m/s 60 m/s
b. t = =
= 9s
a
7.0 m/s2
45. vi = +10.0 m/s

vf = 8.0 m/s
vf vi 8.0 m/s 10.0 m/s

aavg = = = 1.5 103 m/s2
t
0.012 s
t = 0.012 s
46. vi = 10.0 m/s
y = 50.0 m
a = 9.81 m/s2

(
m/s
)2
+(2)
m/s
m)
10
.0

(
9.
81

2)(
50
.0

2 m2/s2 + 981 m2/s2 = 1081 m2/s2 = 32.9 m/s = 32.9 m/s
vf =
1.00 10

a. vf =
vi2 + 2ay
=
vf vi 32.9 m/s (10.0 m/s)

22.9 m/s
t = =
= 2 = 2.33 s
9.81 m/s2
a
9.81 m/s
b. vf = 32.9 m/s (See a.)
47. y = 50.0 m
vi,1 = +2.0 m/s
t1 = t2 + 1.0 s
a = 9.81 m/s2

(2.0 m
/s)2 + (2)(9.8
1 m/s2)(50.0
m)

vf,1 = 4.
s2
+981
m2/s2 = 98
0m
2/

5m
2/s2 = 31.4 m/s = 31.4 m/s
2 2ay =
a. vf,1 = vi

,1+
vf,1 vi,1 31.4 m/s 2.0 m/s

33.4 m/s
t1 = =
= 2 = 3.40 s
a
9.81 m/s
9.81 m/s2
b. t2 = t1 1.0 s = 3.40 s 1.0 s = 2.4 s
1
vi,2
2
2
1
y 2at22 50.0 m 2(9.81 m/s )(2.4 s)

= =
t2
2.4 s
50.0 m + 28 m 22 m
vi,2 = = = 9.2 m/s
2.4 s
2.4 s
c. vf,1 = 31.4 m/s (See a.)
vf,2 = vi,2 + at2 = 9.2 m/s + (9.81 m/s2)(2.4 s)
vf,2 = 9.2 m/s 24 m/s = 33 m/s
I Ch. 214
y = vi,2 t2 + 2at22
Givens
Solutions
48. For the first time interval:
2 2a y = (50.0 m/s)2 + (2)(2.00 m/s2)(150 m)

a. vf,1 = vi
11

,1+
vi,1 = +50.0 m/s

a1 = +2.00 m/s2
y1 = +150 m
vf,1 = (2
03
m2/
s2)+
02
m2/
s2) = 3.
03
m2/
s2
.5
01
(6.
01
10
1
vf,1 = 55.7 m/s = +55.7 m/s
For the second time interval:

vi,2 = +55.7 m/s
vf,2 = 0 m/s
a2 = 9.81 m/s2
vf,2 vi,22
(0 m/s)2 (55.7 m/s)2

y2 = =
= +158 m
(2)(9.81 m/s2)
2a2
maximum height = y1 + y2 = 150 m + 158 m = 310 m
b. For the first time interval,

(2)(150 m)
2y1
(2)(150 m)
tup,1 =
= = = 2.8 s
vi,1 + vf,1 50.0 m/s + 55.7 m/s
105.7 m/s
For the second time interval,
(2)(158 m)
2y2
= = 5.67 s
tup,2 =
vi,2 + vf,2 55.7 m/s + 0 m/s
tup,tot = tup,1 + tup,2 = 2.8 s + 5.67 s = 8.5 s
For the trip down:

y = 310 m
vi = 0 m/s
c. Because vi = 0 m/s, tdown =

2y
(2)(3
10 m)

=
=
a
9.81 m/s2
2
63
s = 7.9 s
ttot = tup,tot + tdown = 8.5 s + 7.9 s = 16.4 s
a = 9.81 m/s2
I Ch. 215
Givens
Solutions
49. a1 = +5.9 m/s2
Because both cars are initially at rest,
a2 = +3.6 m/s2
t1 = t2 1.0 s
a. x1 = 2a1t12
1
x2 = 2a2 t22
x1 = x2
1
a t 2
2 1 1
= 2a2 t22
a1(t2 1.0 s)2 = a2t22

a1[t22 (2.0 s)(t2) + 1.0 s2] = a2 t22
(a1)(t2)2 a1(2.0 s)t2 + a1(1.0 s2) = a2 t22
(a1 a2)t22 a1(2.0 s)t2 + a1(1.0 s2) = 0
Using the quadratic equation,
(a1)(2.0 s) [a
.0 s)]2
4(a1
a2)a1(1.0
s2)

1(2
t2 =
2(a1 a2)
a1 a2 = 5.9 m/s2 3.6 m/s2 = 2.3 m/s2
2)(5.9 m/s2)(1.0 s2)

m/s2)(2.0
s)]2
(4)(2.3
m/s
(5.9 m/s2)(2.0 s) [(5.9

t2 =
2
(2)(2.3 m/s )
12 m/s
90 m2/
s2
12 m/s
140 m2
/s2 54
m2/s2

t2 =
=
2
(2)(2.3 m/s )
(2)(2.3 m/s2)
21 m/s
12 m/s 9 m/s
=
= 4.6 s
t2 =
2
(2)(2.3 m/s2)
(2)(2.3 m/s )
t1 = t2 1.0 s = 4.6 s 1.0 s = 3.6 s
1
b. x1 = 2a1t12 = 2(5.9 m/s2)(3.6 s)2 = 38 m

1
or x2 = 2a2t22 = 2(3.6 m/s2)(4.6 s)2 = 38 m
c. v1 = a1t1 = (5.9 m/s2)(3.6 s) = +21 m/s

v2 = a2t2 = (3.6 m/s2)(4.6 s) = +17 m/s
50. vi,1 = +25 m/s

vi,2 = +35 m/s
vf,1 vi,1 0 m/s 25 m/s

a. t1 = =
= 13 s
2.0 m/s2
a1
x2 = x1 + 45 m
a1 = 2.0 m/s2
vf,1 = 0 m/s
vf,2 = 0 m/s
b. x1 = 2(vi,1 + vf,1)t1 = 2(25 m/s + 0 m/s)(13 s) = +163 m

x2 = x1 + 45 m = 163 m + 45 m = +208 m
vf,22 vi,22 (0 m/s)2 (35 m/s)2
a2 = = = 2.9 m/s2
(2)(208 m)
2x2
vf,2 vi,2 0 m/s 35 m/s
c. t2 = =
= 12 s
a2
2.9 m/s2
I Ch. 216
distance both cars travel = 38 m
Givens
Solutions
51. x1 = 20.0 m
x
20.0 m
t = 1 = = 5.00 s
v1 4.00 m/s
v1 = 4.00 m/s
x2 = v2(0.50 s) + 20.0 m
v2(0.50 s) + 20.0 m
x
v2 = 2 =
t
t
v2t = v2(0.50 s) + 20.0 m
v2(t 0.50 s) = 20.0 m

20.0 m
20.0 m
20.0 m
v2 = = = = 4.44 m/s
t 0.50 s (5.00 s 0.50 s) 4.50 s
Motion In One Dimension, Standardized Test Prep

4. t = 5.2 h
vavg = 73 km/h south
5. t = 3.0 s
x = 4.0 m + (4.0 m) + (2.0 m) + 0.0 m = 2.0 m
6. x = 2.0 m (see 5.)
x 2.0 m
vavg = = = 0.67 m/s
t
3.0 s
t = 3.0 s
8. vi = 0 m/s
a = 3.3 m/s
t = 7.5 s
11. t1 = 10.0 min 0 min

= 10.0 min
t2 = 20.0 min 10.0 min
= 10.0 min
2
x = vavg t = (73 km/h)(5.2 h) = 3.8 10 km south
t3 = 30.0 min 20.0 min

= 10.0 min
x = vi t + 2at 2
1
x = (0 m/s)(7.5 s) + 2(3.3 m/s2)(7.5 s)2 = 0 m + 93 m = 93 m
a. x1 = (2.4 103 m) (0 103 m) = +2.4 103 m

(2.4 103 m)
x
v1 = 1 = = +4.0 m/s
t1 (10.0 min)(60 s/min)
b. x2 = (3.9 103 m) (2.4 103 m) = +1.5 103 m
(1.5 103 m)
x
v2 = 2 = = +2.5 m/s
t2 (10.0 min)(60 s/min)
c. x3 = (4.8 103 m) (3.9 103 m) = +9 102 m
(9 102 m)
x
v3 = 3 = = +2 m/s
t3 (10.0 min)(60 s/min)
d. xtot = x1 + x2 + x3 = (2.4 103 m) + (1.5 103 m) + (9 102 m)
xtot = +4.8 103 m
xtot x1 + x2 + x3
(4.8 103 m)
vavg =
= =
ttot t1 + t2 + t3
(30.0 min)(60 s/min)
vavg = +2.7 m/s
I Ch. 217
Givens
Solutions
13. vi = +3.0 m/s
a. vf = a 1t + vi = (0.50 m/s2)(7.0 s) + 3.0 m/s = 3.5 m/s + 3.0 m/s = +6.5 m/s
a1 = +0.50 m/s2 t = 7.0 s

a2 = 0.60 m/s2 vf = 0 m/s
I
14. vi = 16 m/s east = +16 m/s
vf = 32 m/s east = +32 m/s
t = 10.0 s
vf vi 0 m/s 3.0 m/s

= 5.0 s
b. t = =
a2
0.60 m/s2
vf vi 32 m/s 16 m/s 16 m/s
a. a = = = = +1.6 m/s2 = 1.6 m/s2 east
10.0 s
10.0 s
t
1
b. x = 2(vi + vf )t = 2(16 m/s + 32 m/s)(10.0 s) = 2(48 m/s)(10.0 s)

x = +240 m
x 240 m
vavg = = = +24 m/s = 24 m/s east
t 10.0 s
c. distance traveled = +240 m (See b.)
15. vi = +25.0 m/s

yi = +2.0 m/s
2
a = 9.81 m/s
For the trip up: vf = 0 m/s
a. For the trip up,

vf v
0 m/s 25.0 m/s
t = i =
= 2.55 s
a
9.81 m/s2
1
y = vi t + 2at 2 = (25.0 m/s)(2.55 s) + 2(9.81 m/s2)(2.55 s)2

y = 63.8 m 31.9 m = +31.9 m
For the trip down: vi = 0 m/s

y = (31.9 m 2.0 m)
t =
2ay = (2
)9(.8313
m.9/ms ) =
2

6.
91
s2 = 2.63 s
total time = 2.55 s + 2.63 s = 5.18 s
y = 33.9 m
b. For the trip down, because vi = 0 m/s,
I Ch. 218
Motion In One
Dimension
Givens
1. x = 443 m
vavg = 0.60 m/s
2. vavg = 72 km/h
x = 1.5 km
3. x = 5.50 102 m
Solutions
x
443 m
t = = = 740 s = 12 min, 20 s
vavg 0.60 m/s
1.5 km
x
t = = = 75 s
1h
km
vavg
72
h 3600 s
vavg = 1.00 102 km/h
5.50 102 m
x
a. t = = = 19.8 s
vavg
1h
km
1000 m
1.00 102
h 3600 s
1 km
vavg = 85.0 km/h
b. x = v avg t
1h
x = (85.0 km/h)
3600 s
4. x1 = 1.5 km
v1 = 85 km/h
x1 = 0.80 km
v2 = 67 km/h
II
103 m
(19.8 s) = 468 m
1 km
x x
a. ttot = t1 + t2 = 1 + 2
v1
v2
1.5 km
0.80 km
ttot = + = 64 s + 43 s = 107 s
1h
1h
km
km
85
67
h 3600 s
h 3600 s

1.5 km + 0.80 km
2.3 km
x1 + x2
b. v avg =
= = = 77 km/h
1h
1h
t1 + t2
(64 s + 43 s)
(107 s)
3600
3600 s

5. r = 7.1 104 km
t = 9 h, 50 min
x = 2r
x
2 (7.1 107 m)
4.5 108 m
vavg = = =
t
60 s
60 s
60 min
(9 h) + 50 min
(540 min + 50 min)
1 min
1 min
1h

4.5 108 m
vavg =
60 s
(590 min)
1 min
vavg = 1.3 104 m/s

Thus the average speed = 1.3 104 m/s.
On the other hand, the average velocity for this point is zero, because the points displacement is zero.
II Ch. 21
Givens
Solutions
6. x = 1.73 km
t = 25 s
7. vavg,1 = 18.0 km/h
t1 = 2.50 s
t2 = 12.0 s
x 1.73 103 m
vavg = = = 69 m/s = 250 km/h
25 s
t

1h
103 m
a. x1 = vavg,1t1 = (18.0 km/h) (2.50s) = 12.5 m
3600 s 1 km
x2 = x1 = 12.5 m
x
12.5 m
vavg,2 = 2 = = 1.04 m/s
t2
12.0 s
x1 + x2 12.5 m + (12.5 m) 0.0 m
= = = 0.0 m/s
b. vavg,tot =
14.5 s
t1 + t2
2.50 s + 12.0 s
c. total distance traveled = x1 x2 = 12.5 m (12.5 m) = 25.0 m
total time of travel = t1 + t2 = 2.50 s + 12.0 s = 14.5 s
total distance
25.0 m
average speed = = = 1.72 m/s
total time
14.5 s
II
8. x = 2.00 102 km
t = 5 h, 40 min, 37 s
2.00 105 m
x
2.00 105m
a. vavg = = =
t
20 437 s
3600 s
60 s
5 h + 40 min + 37 s
h
min

vavg = 9.79 m/s = 35.2 km/h
x = 2x
1h
t = (9.73 103 s) = 2.70 h
3600 s
60 min
(0.70 h) = 42 min
1h
t = 2 h, 42 min
II Ch. 22
vavg = (1.05)vavg
2.00 105 m
2
x
b. t = = = 9.73 103 s
vavg
m
(1.05) 9.79
s
Givens
Solutions
1. vi = 0 km/h = 0 m/s
60 s
vf = aavg t + vi = (1.80 m/s2)(1.00 min) + 0 m/s = 108 m/s
1 min
aavg = 1.8 m/s
t = 1.00 min

3600 s 1 km
vf = 108 m/s = (108 m/s) 3 = 389 km/h
1 h 10 m
2. t = 2.0 min
60 s
vf = aavg t + vi = (0.19 m/s2) (2.0 min) + 0 m/s = 23 m/s
1 min
aavg = 0.19 m/s

vi = 0 m/s
3. t = 45.0 s
vf = aavg t + vi = (2.29 m/s2)(45.0 s) + 0 m/s = 103 m/s
aavg = 2.29 m/s

vi = 0 m/s
4. x = 29 752 m
t = 2.00 h
x
29 752 m
a. vavg = = = 4.13 m/s
t
3600 s
(2.00 h)
1h
vi = 3.00 m/s
v 4.13 m/s 3.00 m/s

1.13 m/s
b. aavg = = = = 3.77 102 m/s2
t
30.0 s
30.0 s
vf = 4.13 m/s
II
t = 30.0 s
10.0 m
5. x = (15 hops)
1 hop
2
= 1.50 10 m
t = 60.0 s
x 1.50 102 m
a. vavg = = = +2.50 m/s
t
60.0 s
vf vi 0 m/s 2.50 m/s
2.50 m/s
= = = 1.0 101 m/s2
b. aavg =
tstop
0.25 s
0.25 m/s
t stop = 0.25 s
vf = 0 m/s
vi = vavg = +2.50 m/s
6. x = 1.00 102 m, backward
= 1.00 102 m
t = 13.6 s
t = 2.00 s
x 1.00 1 02 m
vavg = = = 7.35 m/s
t
13.6 s
aavg = = = 3.68 m/s2
t
2.00 s
vi = 0 m/s
vf = vavg
7. x = 150 m
vi = 0 m/s
vf = 6.0 m/s
vavg = 3.0 m/s
x
150 m
a. t = = = 5.0 101 s
vavg 3.0 m/s
vf vi 6.0 m/s 0 m/s
b. aavg = =
= 0.12 m/s2
t
5.0 101
II Ch. 23
Givens
Solutions
8. vi = +245 km/h

103 m
= +68.1 m/s
1 km
aavg = 3.0 m/s2
km 1 h
vi = 245
h 3600 s
vf = vi (0.200) vi
vf = (1.000 0.200) vi = (0.800)(68.1 m/s) = +54.5 m/s

vf vi 54.5 m/s 68.1 m/s
13.6 m/s
t = =
= 2 = 4.5 s
2
aavg
3.0 m/s
3.0 m/s
9. x = 3.00 km
t = 217.347 s
aavg = 1.72 m/s2
vf = 0 m/s
10. x = +5.00 102 m

t = 35.76 s
vi = 0 m/s
II
t = 4.00 s
x 3.00 103 m
vi = vavg = = = 13.8 m/s
t
217.347 s
vf vi 0 m/s 13.8 m/s
13.8 m/s
tstop = =
= 2 = 8.02 s
2
aavg
1.72 m/s
1.72 m/s

x
5.00 102 m
vf = vmax = (1.100)vavg = (1.100) = (1.100) = +15.4 m/s
t
35.76 s
v vf vi
15.4 m/s 0 m/s
aavg = = = = + 3.85 m/s2
t
t
4.00 s
vmax = vavg + (0.100) vavg
1. x = 115 m
vi = 4.20 m/s
(2)(115 m)
2x
(2)(115 m)
t = = = = 25.0 s
vi + vf
4.20 m/s + 5.00 m/s
9.20 m/s
vf = 5.00 m/s
2. x = 180.0 km
vi = 3.00 km/s
2x
360.0 km
(2)(180.0 km)
t = = = = 1.2 102 s
vi + vf
3.00 km/s
3.00 km/s + 0 km/s
3. vi = 0 km/h
vf = 1.09 103 km/h
x = 20.0 km
(2)(20.0 103 m)
2x
a. t = =
vi + vf
1 h 1000 m
(1.09 103 km/h + 0 km/h)
3600 s 1 km
40.0 103 m
t = = 132 s
1h
1000 m
(1.09 103 km/h)
3600 s 1 km
x = 5.00 km
vi = 1.09 103 km/h
vf = 0 km/h
(2)(5.00 103 m)
2x
b. t = =
vi + vf
1 h 1000 m
(1.09 103 km/h + 0 km/h)
3600 s 1 km
10.0 103 m
t = = 33.0 s
1h
1000 m
(1.09 103 km/h)
3600 s 1 km
II Ch. 24
vf = 0 km/s
Givens
Solutions
4. vi = vavg = 518 km/h

vf = (0.600) vavg
km
103m
1h
vavg = 518 = 8.63 103 m/min
h 60 min 1 km
t = 2.00 min
x = 2(vi + vf )t = 2[vavg + (0.600) vavg ]t = 2(1.600)(8.63 103 m/min)(2.00 min)

x = 13.8 103 m = 13.8 km

5. t = 30.0 s
vi = 30.0 km/h
vf = 42.0 km/h
1h
1
1
x = 2(vi + vf )t = 2(30.0 km/h + 42.0 km/h) (30.0 s)
3600 s
1h
km
1
x = 2 72.0 (30.0 s)
h 3600 s
x = 3.00 101 km = 3.00 102 m

6. vf = 96 km/h
vi = 0 km/h
t = 3.07 s
1h
103 m
1
1
x = 2(vi + vf )t = 2(0 km/h + 96 km/h) (3.07 s)
3600 s 1 km
x =
96 10 h(8.53 + 10
3m
h) = 41 m
t = 10.0 s
2x
(2)(290.0 m)
vi = vf = 0 m/s = 58.0 m/s = 209 km/h
t
10.0 s
vf = 0 km/h = 0 m/s
(Speed was in excess of 209 km/h.)
7. x = 290.0 m
8. x = 5.7 103 km
t = 86 h
vf = vi + (0.10) vi
II
2x
vf + vi =
t
2x
vi (1.00 + 0.10) + vi =
t
(2)(5.7 103 km)
vi = = 63 km/h
(2.10)(86 h)
9. vi = 2.60 m/s

vf = 2.20 m/s
60 s
1
1
1
x = 2(vi + vf )t = 2(2.60 m/s + 2.20 m/s)(9.00 min) = 2(4.80 m/s)(5.40 102 s)
min
t = 9.00 min
x = 1.30 103 m = 1.30 km
1. vi = 186 km/h
vf = 0 km/h = 0 m/s
a = 1.5 m/s2
2. vi = 15.0 m/s
vf = 0 m/s
2
a = +2.5 m/s
vi = 0 m/s
vf = +15.0 m/s
a = +2.5 m/s
1h
103 m
0 m/s (186 km/h)
vf vi
3600 s 1 km
51.7 m/s
t = =
= 2 = 34 s
a
1.5 m/s
1.5 m/s2
For stopping:
vf vi 0 m/s (15.0 m/s) 15.0 m/s
t1 = =
= 2 = 6.0 s
a
2.5 m/s2
2.5 m/s
For moving forward:
vf vi 15.0 m/s 0.0 m/s 15.0 m/s
t 2 = =
= 2 = 6.0 s
a
2.5 m/s
2.5 m/s2
t tot = t 1 + t 2 = 6.0 s + 6.0 s = 12.0 s
II Ch. 25
Givens
Solutions
3. vi = 24.0 km/h
vf = 8.0 km/h
a = 0.20 m/s2
vf vi
t =
a
1h
103 m
(8.0 km/h 24.0 km/h)
3600 s 1 km
t =
2
0.20 m/s
1h
km
103 m
16.0
h 3600 s 1 km
t =
= 22 s
0.20 m/s2
4. v1 = 65.0 km/h
vi,2 = 0 km/h
a2 = 4.00 102 m/s2
x = 2072 m
For cage 1:
x = v1t1
x
2072 m
t1 = = = 115 s
v1
103 m
1h
(65.0 km/h)
3600 s 1 km
For cage 2:

x = vi,2 t2 + 2a2 t2 2
II
Because vi,2 = 0 km/h,

t2 =
72 m)
4.0(20)(2100
m/s = 322 s
2ax =
2
Cage 1 reaches the bottom of the shaft in nearly a third of the time required for cage 2.
v = 105.4 km/h
vi,car = 0 m/s
x
2.00 102 m
a. t = = = 6.83 s
v
km
1h
103 m
105.4
h 3600 s 1 km

b. x = vi,car t + 2acar t2
2x (2)(2.00 102 m)
acar =
=
= 8.57 m/s2
t2
(6.83 s)2
6. vi = 6.0 m/s
a = 1.4 m/s2
x = vit + 2at 2 = (6.0 m/s)(3.0 s) + 2(1.4 m/s2)(3.0 s)2 = 18 m + 6.3 m = 24 m
t = 3.0 s
7. vi = 3.17 102 km/h
vf = 2.00 102 km/h
t = 8.0 s
1h
103 m
(2.00 102 km/h 3.17 102 km/h)
3600 s 1 km
vf v
a = i =
t
8.0 s
1h
103 m
(117 km/h)
3600 s 1 km
a = = 4.1 m/s2
8.0 s
1h
103 m
1
1
x = vit + 2at2 = (3.17 102 km/h) (8.0 s) + 2(4.1 m/s2)(8.0 s)2
3600 s 1 km
x = (7.0 102 m) + (130 m) = +570 m
II Ch. 26
5. x = 2.00 102 m
Givens
Solutions
8. vi = 0 m/s

t1 = =
= 3.82
a
0.800 m/s2
vf = 3.06 m/s
a = 0.800 m/s2
x1 = vit1 + 2at1 2 = (0 m/s) (3.82 s) + 2(0.800 m/s2) (3.82 s)2 = 5.84 m
t2 = 5.00 s
x2 = vf t2 = (3.06 m/s)(5.00 s) = 15.3 m

xtot = x1 + x2 = 5.84 m + 15.3 m = 21.1 m
9. vf = 3.50 102 km/h

vi = 0 km/h = 0 m/s
a = 4.00 m/s2
1h
103 m
(3.50 102 km/h 0 km/h)
(vf vi)
3600 s 1 km
t = =
= 24.3 s
(4.00 m/s2)
a
x = vit + 2at 2 = (0 m/s)(24.3 s) + 2(4.00 m/s2)(24.3 s)2

x = 1.18 103 m = 1.18 km
10. vi = 24.0 m/s
2
a = 0.850 m/s
vf = vi + at = 24.0 m/s + ( 0.850 m/s2)(28.0 s) = 24.0 m/s 23.8 m/s = +0.2 m/s
II
t = 28.0 s
11. a = +2.67 m/s2
t = 15.0 s
x = +6.00 102m
12. a = 7.20 m/s2
vi t = x 2at 2
x 1
6.00 102 m 1
vi = 2at = 2(2.67 m/s2)(15.0 s) = 40.0 m/s 20.0 m/s = +20.0 m/s
t
15.0 s
vi = vf at
t = 25.0 s
vi = (3.00 102 m/s) (7.20 m/s2)(25.0 s) = (3.00 102 m/s) (1.80 102 m/s)
vf = 3.00 102 ms
vi = 1.20 102 m/s
13. vi = 0 m/s
x = 1.00 102 m
t = 12.11 s
14. vi = 3.00 m/s

x = 1.00 102 m
t = 12.11 s
x = vi t + 2at2
Because vi = 0 m/s,
2x (2)(1.00 102 m)
a = 2 =
= 1.36 m/s2
t
(12.11 s)2
2(x vit) (2)[1.00 102 m (3.00 m/s)(12.11 s)]
a =
=
t 2
(12.11 s)2
(2)(1.00 102 m 36.3 m)
a =
(12.11 s)2
(2)(64 m)
a = 2 = 0.87 m/s2
(12.11 s)
15. vf = 30.0 m/s

vi = 18.0 m/s
vf vi 30.0 m/s 18.0 m/s 12.0 m/s

a = = = = 1.5 m/s2
t
8.0 s
8.0 s
t = 8.0 s
II Ch. 27
Givens
Solutions
1. vi = 0 km/h
vf = 965 km/h
a = 4.0 m/s2
1 h 2 103 m 2
(965 km/h) 2 (0 km/h)2
3600 s 1 km
vf vi
x = =
2
(2)(4.0 m/s )
2a
2

7.19 104m2/s2
x =
= 9.0 103 m = 9.0 km
8.0 m/s2
2. vi = (0.20) vmax
vmax = 2.30 103 km/h
vf = 0 km/h
a = 5.80 m/s2
3. vf = 9.70 102 km/h
II
vi = (0.500)vf
a = 4.8 m/s2
1 h 2 103 m 2
(0 km/h)2 (0.20)2 (2.30 103 km/h)2
3600 s 1 km
x = =
2a
(2)(5.80 m/s2)
vf2 vi2

1.63 104m2/s2
x =
= 1.41 103 m = 1.41 km
11.6 m/s2
1 h 2 103 m 2
(9.70 102 km/h)2 (0.50)2 (9.70 102 km/h)2
vf vi
3600 s 1 km
x = =
2
2a
(2)(4.8 m/s )
2

1 h 2 103 m 2
(9.41 105 km2/h)2 2.35 105 km2/h2)
3600 s 1 km
x =
2
(2)(4.8 m/s )
1 h 2 103 m 2
(7.06 105 km2/h2)
3600 s 1 km
x =
(2)(4.8 m/s2)
5.45 104m2/s2
x =
= 5.7 103 m = 5.7 km
9.6 m/s2
x = 40.0 m
a = 2.00 m/s2
5. x = +9.60 km
a = 2.0 m/s2
vf = 0 m/s
6. a = +0.35 m/s2
2
vf = 2a
)2 = 1.
02m
s2
+64m
s2

x+v
)(
2.
0m
/s
2)(4
0.
m
)+(8.
0m
/s

60
1
2/
2/
i = (2
vf = 22
s2 = 15 m/s = 15 m/s
4m
2/
vi =
vf2
2a
x = (0

m/s

)2
(2)
(
2.
0m
/s
2)(9
.6
01
03
m)
vi = 3.
04m
s2 = 196 m/s = +196 m/s
84
1
2/
2
vf = 2a
m/s
)2

x+v
)(
0.
35

2)(6
4m
)+(0m
/s

i = (2
vi = 0 m/s
x = 64 m
7. x = 44.8 km
vf = 45
m2s2 = 6.7 m/s = +6.7 m/s

t = 60.0 min
x
44.8 103 m
a. vavg = = = 12.4 m/s
t (60.0 min)(60 s/min)
a = 2.0 m/s2
2
b. vf = 2a
m/s
)2

x+v
)(
2.
0m
/s
2)(2
0.
0m
)+(12
.4

i = (2
x = 20.0 m
vi = 12.4 m/s
II Ch. 28
vf = (
m2/
m2/
m2/s2 = 8.6 m/s = 8.6 m/s
80
.0

s2)+154

s2 = 74

4. vi = 8.0 m/s
Givens
8. x = 2.00 102 m
a = 1.20 m/s2
vf = 25.0 m/s
9. x = 4.0 102 m
t = 11.55
vi = 0 km/h
vf = 2.50 102 km/h
10. vi = 25.0 km/h

vf = 0 km/h
x = 16.0 m
Solutions

vf2
)2
(2)
02
m)
2a
x = (2
5.
0m
/s

(1
.2
0m
/s
2)(2
.0
01

vi = 62
5m
2/s24.8
0102m
2/s2

vi = 14
5m
2/s2 = 12.0 m/s = 12.0 m/s
vi =
1 h 2 103 m
2
2
2

(2.50
10
km/h)
(0
km/h)
3600 s 1 km
vf2 vi2
a = =
2
(2)(4.0 10 m)
2x

4.82 103m2/s2
= 6.0 m/s2
a =
8.0 102 m
2
1 h 2 103 m
(0 km/h)2 (25.0 km/h)2
3600 s 1 km
a = =
2x
(2)(16.0 m)
vf2 vi2

4.82 m2/s2
a = = 1.51 m/s2
32.0 m
II
Additional Practice F
1. y = 343 m
a = 9.81 m/s2
vi = 0 m/s
2. y = +4.88 m
vi = +9.98 m/s
a = 9.81 m/s2
3. y = 443 m + 221 m
= 222 m
a = 9.81 m/s2
2
vf = 2a
m/s
)2 = 67
m2/
s2

y+v
)(
9.
81

2)(
34
3m
)+(0m
/s

30

i = (2
vf = 82.0 m/s = 82.0 m/s

2
2a
m/s
m/s
)2 =
m2/
s2
+99.
s2

y+v
)(
9.
81

2)(4
.8
8m
)+(9.
98

95
.7

6m
2/
i = (2

vf = 3.
m2/s2 = 1.97 m/s = 1.97 m/s
90

vf =
m/s
)2 = 43
m2/
s2
vf = 2a

yvi2 = (2
)(
9.
81

2)(
22
2m
)(0m
/s

60

vf = 66.0 m/s = 66.0 m/s
vi = 0 m/s
4. y = +64 m
a = 9.81 m/s2
t = 3.0 s
y = vi t + 2at2
1
1
y 2at2
64 m 2(9.81 m/s2)(3.0 s)2
64 m + 44 m
vi = = =
t
3.0 s
3.0 s
108 m
vi = = 36 m/s
3.0 s
5. y = 111 m
t = 3.80 s
a = 9.81 m/s2
initial speed of arrow = 36 m/s
y = vi t + 2at 2
1
1
y 2at2
111 m 2(9.81 m/s2)(3.80 s)2
111 m + 70.8 m
vi =
=
=
3.80 s
t
3.80 s
40.2 m
vi = = 10.6 m/s
3.80 s
II Ch. 29
Givens
Solutions
When vi = 0 m/s,
6. y = 228 m
a = 9.81 m/s2
t =
vi = 0 m/s
2y
= 6.82 s
a =
9.81 m/s
(2)(228 m)
2
In the presence of air resistance, the sandwich would require more time to fall because the downward acceleration would be reduced.
7. vi = 12.0 m/s, upward =
+12.0 m/s
vf = 3.0 m/s, upward =
+3.0 m/s
a = 9.81 m/s 2
yi = 1.50 m
135 m2/s2
y = 2 = 6.88 m
19.6 m/s
height of nest from ground = h
y = h yi
8. y = +43 m
2
a = 9.81 m/s
II
vf 2 vi2 (3.0 m/s)2 (12.0 m/s)2 9.0 m3/s2 144 m2/s2

=
y = =
2a
(2)(9.81 m/s2)
(2)(9.81 m/s2)
vf = 0 m/s
h = y + yi = 6.88 m + 1.50 m = 8.38 m
Because it takes as long for the ice cream to fall from the top of the flagpole to the
ground as it does for the ice cream to travel up to the top of the flagpole, the free-fall
case will be calculated.
1
Thus, vi = 0 m/s, y = 43 m, and y = 2at2.

t =
9. ymax = +21 cm
a = 9.81 m/s2
vf = 0 m/s
y = +7.0 cm
vi =
= 3.0 s
2ay =
9.81 m/s
(2)(43 m)
2

2 )(2 1 101 m) = 4.1 m2/s2
vf 2
ymax
m/s
)2

(2)(
2a

= (0

9
.8
1m
/s
.
vi = +2.0 m/s
For the flea to jump +7.0 cm = +7.0 102 m = y,

1
y = vi t + 2at 2
1
at 2
2
or
+ vi t y = 0

a
(vi )2 4 (y )
2
t =
a
2
2
vi

(2
m/s
)2
(2)
m/s
.0

(
9.
81

2)(
7.
0102m
)
t =
2
2.0 m/s
9.81 m/s

2.0 m/s 4.
m2/s2
0m
2/s21.4

t =
=
9.81 m/s2
2.0 m/s 2.
s2
6m
2/
2
9.81 m/s
2.0 m/s 1.6 m/s

t = = 0.37 s or 0.04 s
9.81 m/s2
To choose the correct value for t, insert t, a, and vi into the equation for vf .
vf = at + vi = (9.81 m/s2)(0.37 s) + 2.0 m/s
vf = (3.6 m/s) + 2.0 m/s = 1.6 m/s
vf = at + vi = (9.81 m/s2)(0.04 s) + 2.0 m/s
vf = (0.4 m/s) + 2.0 m/s = +1.6 m/s
Because vf is still directed upward, the shorter time interval is correct. Therefore,
t = 0.04 s
II Ch. 210
Solving for t by means of the quadratic equation,
Study Guide Answers
Motion In One
Dimension
Displacement and Velocity, p. 7
1. Yes, from t1 to t4 and from t6 to t7.
5. Yes, from 0 to t1 and from t5 to t6.
2. Yes, from t4 to t5.
6. Yes, from t1 to t2 , from t2 to t4 , from t4 to t5, and from

t6 to t7.
3. greater than
7. 5.0 m (or 5.0 m to the west of where it started)
4. greater than
Acceleration, p. 8
v
3. a = i
t
1. vf = 0. The car is stopped.

2x
2. vi =
t
5. vi = at x = 2 vi t
vi2
4. a =
2x
Falling Objects, p. 9
1. a. g
d. height = gt 2/8
b. initial speed = g(t/2)
c. 1.2 s
2. a. 9.81 m/s
c. elapsed time = t/2
b. 12 m/s

2. a. vf = a(t)
b. total distance = d1 + d2 + d3
b. vf = vi + a(t); x = 2(vi + vf )t or x = vi (t) +

1
a(t)2
2
c. total time = t1 + t2 + t3
3.
Time interval
Type of motion
v (m/s)
a(m/s2)
A
B
C
D
E
speeding up
speeding up
constant velocity
slowing down
slowing down
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
4. a.
III2
b. 1 s
2
Time (s)
Position (m)
v (m/s)
a(m/s )
1
2
3
4
4.9
0
14.7
39.2
0
9.8
19.6
29.4
9.81
9.81
9.81
9.81
c. 2 s
III
1. a. t1 = d1/v1; t2 = d2 /v2 ; t3 = d3 /v3

Class Xi Physics

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Class Xi Physics

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Dubai International School

1. Acceleration due to gravity is also called

5. Objects that are falling toward Earth in free fall move

7. Which would fall with greater acceleration in a vacuuma leaf or a stone?

____ 10. Which of the following is an example of projectile motion?

____ 21. The magnitude of the gravitational force acting on an object is

____ 26. What are the units of the coefficient of friction?

m on a smooth ice surface. What is the

____ 29. An object in free fall

The following questions refer to the following demonstration.

v23.What is the change

b. has a magnitude of 9.81 m/s2 at Earths surface.

I. Fs, max is exerted perpendicular to the surfaces in contact.

b. at the highest point of its path.

What net force is acting on the sky diver?

vi = 12 m/s at 20.0 above the horizontal

where vf = final velocity, vi = initial velocity, tf = final time, ti = initial time.

Now, calculate the net force on the block:

Then use Newtons second law, Fnet = ma, to find Fnet.

Equilibrant is a type of force.

You calculated the vertical component instead of the horizontal component.

TOP: Chapter 2 Section Quiz 3

TOP: Chapter 3 Section Quiz 3

TOP: Chapter 3 Section Quiz 3

will stop (vf = 0) and then begin to fall:

= 0.0 m (0.0 m/s)(5.0 s)

(9.80 m/s2)(5.0 s)2

OBJ: 3.3.2 Solve objects involving objects in free fall.

acceleration of the box.

= tan1 (s) = tan1 (0.50) = 27

b. Method One: Find the time to maximum height.

Dubai International School

7. To balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the

9. A chemical equation is balanced when the

d. Zn(OH)2 + 2CH3COOH Zn(CH3COO)2 + H2 + O2.

____ 47. When heated, metallic chlorates decompose into

____ 60. Magnesium hydroxide decomposes to yield magnesium oxide and

d. forms positive ions more readily than does metal Y.

the masses of hydrogen and oxygen in water

____ 91. Which coefficients correctly balance the formula

is correctly balanced the coefficient of Fe is

153. The unit of the following expression is ____________________.

cannot be used for the reaction represented by the

191. Given the reaction represented by the equation Mg + 2HCl

This means that chlorine is limiting.

combustion, C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)

synthesis, 2Ga(s) + 3S(s)

Assuming that Cl2 is the limiting reagent:

Student Edition Solutions

Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Section 1 Review

Students should use graphical techniques.

vx,2 = v2(cos q2) = (75 km/h)[cos (45)] = 53 km/h

vy,2 = v2(sin q2) = (75 km/h)[sin (45)] = 53 km/h

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Students should use graphical techniques.

Section OneStudent Edition Solutions

Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Practice A

x2 = 3 km west = 3km, east

Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors, Practice B

vx = v(cos q ) = (105 km/h)(cos 25) = 95 km/h

vy = v(sin q ) = (105 km/h)(sin 25) = 44 km/h

vx = v(cos q ) = (22 m/s)(cos 15) = 21 m/s

vy = v(sin q ) = (22 m/s)(sin 15) = 5.7 m/s