Bandpass Random Process

Lecture 16
EEE 352 Analog Communication Systems
Mansoor Khan
Electrical Engineering Dept.
CIIT Islamabad Campus
 Noise

• Noise refers to unwanted interference that tends to

obscure the information bearing signal

• Noise can be classified into two categories:

– Man-made Noise introduced by switching transients and simultaneous

presence of neighboring signals

– Natural Noise produced by the atmosphere and heating up of electrical

components. The latter is referred to as the Thermal noise
 Additive Gaussian Noise
• Thermal noise is difficult to be eliminated and often modeled by the
Gaussian probability density function

• Additive Gaussian Noise: refers to the following model for

introduction of noise in the signal

• Given that the noise n is a Gaussian RV and a is the dc component,

which is constant, the pdf of z is given by
 Additive Gaussian Noise
Distribution
• The normalized or standardized Gaussian density
function of a zero-mean process is obtained by
assuming unit variance.
 Additive White Gaussian Noise
• The primary spectral characteristic of thermal noise is that its power
spectral density is the same for all frequencies of interest in most
communication systems

• Power spectral density Sn(w )

S n w 
N
2
• Autocorrelation function of white noise is

Rn    F S n w    
1 N
2
• The average power Pn of white noise is infinite

N
Pn   df  

2
Bandpass Random Processes
 Bandpass Random Processes (cont)

• Consider the system response to an input  t   

 Bandpass Random Processes (cont)

• dsada
Bandpass Random Processes (cont)
Bandpass Random Processes (cont)
Example
Example (cont)
Problem 11.1-7