Asian Architecture Research Final Report

Asian Architecture [ARC 2213/2234]
PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY
Adaptive reuse design of heritage building in Malaysia,

A case study: KL-PAC, Malaysia
NAME:
Tan Foo Wong
STUDENT ID:
0310004
LECTURER:
Ms.Alia
SUBMISSION DATE:
Adaptive reuse design of heritage building in Malaysia, A case study: KLPAC, Malaysia
Table of Contents
No.
Description
Abstract
Page
2
1.0
Introduction
2.0
Adaptive Reuse Background Information

2.1 Adaptive Reuse Definition
2.2 Principles of Adaptive Reuse
2.3 Advantages of Adaptive Reuse
4
5
6-7
Adaptive reuse of Malaysia heritage building

3.1 Issues of Malaysia heritage building
3.2 Conservation
8
9-10
A Case Study : Kuala Lumpur Art Performing Centre

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Design Strategies of KLPAC
11-12
13-16
Conclusion
Reference List
17
18
3.0
4.0
5.0
Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is aimed to show that adaptive reuse
architecture can be maintaining the identity and the economic and
functional life of heritage buildings. In assisting the validation of research,
literature reviews based on various sources regarding adaptive reuse
design heritage were conducted to enhance the process. Built heritage is
a significant resource that plays an important role in the environmental
sustainability to our society because by reusing it can reduces the need
for new construction. This research paper will start with definitions of
adaptive reuse architecture and bring forwards several issues that now
Malaysia heritage buildings is facing. Secondly, it will explore why
adaptive reuse is important to keep these heritage buildings in nowadays
society. Although Malaysia has a lot of heritage buildings all over the, but
the government didnt improve and maintain the heritage buildings in
order to suit nowadays UBBL regulation and safe to use. In general,
adaptive reuse design can conserved the historical building and prolong
the life of the buildings. This research paper will focus on a case study of
Kuala Lumpur Art Performing Centre in Malaysia to illustrate how adaptive
reuse for this heritage building can be carried out without losing the
historical environment identity and how is the contemporary architecture
approach on the old building.
As a conclusion, all of this design process and construction need
high level of commitment to complete due to the fact that changing of use
of an old building entails among others, complying with present building
2
by-laws and regulation (UBBI), physical and structural limitations, adding
facilities to meet functional needs, finding building element replacement
and unforeseen constructional issues. By applying adaptive architecture, it
can preserved sustainability of the heritage building in the long run and
passed on to future generations.
1.0 Introduction
Along with our global population grow rapidly and in the most of the
countrys city have facing a serious issues, lack of spaces. In order to
solve the issues, most of the country will turn towards outskirts
development rather than resolving the existing city spaces issues. But
sometimes there are some vacant and derelict site located within the
large city, usually will be heritage building or industrial site. In many cases
they are situated along major transportation routes, and in existing
neighbourhoods that have developed over time to surround the sites.
In Malaysia, our city Kuala Lumpur is the best example for the issues
that we mention above. Kuala Lumpur got many low rise building
surrounded by the skyscraper, most of the low rise building was built
during British colonial period. The architecture was affected by the
England colonial style and located in the main transportation routes, such
as Jalan Ampang, Jalan Sentul and Jalan Ipoh. But due to the new
development of the city, it has affected some of the heritage building
become abandoned.
Sentul is a main town area in Kuala Lumpur. It is divide into two
sections namely West Sentul and East Sentul. There are many heritage
building in Sentul town area because it was a train depot since the
Federated Malay States was founded by British in 1896. Jalan Ipoh and
Jalan Sentul are the two major road servicing in this area. But due to the
development of the train system getting more advance and many worker
move to other work areas, the train depot station have become
abandoned. KL PAC is one of the best example, it used to be a train depot
but after that it was redesign into an art performing centre through
Adaptive reuse. This is why we are here to having a case study of KL PAC.
2.0
Important of Adaptive Reuse
2.1 Adaptive Reuse Definition

According to Burchell and Listokin (1981), is defined as a
revitalization strategy which employs a series of linked procedures to plan
for, inventory, acquire, manage and reuse surplus or abandoned real
estate. An imperative aspect of adaptive reuse projects is that the land of
building which is being considered for had a previous use that is no longer
suitable in that type of building or location, and therefore the potential
value of the property will be maximized by adapting the space (Burchell
and Listokin, 1981). The Adaptive reuse of building is a modification that
mainly for aesthetic, and are made to the building while retaining its
structure and character yet provide a new operation or function for it.
2.2 Principle of Adaptive Reuse

There are certain challenge for the designer to balance the design
changes, adaptation and restoration to appease the stakeholders. In order
to get the right balance, adaptive reuse project should integrate fie
principles into the design as stated by (Loures and Panagopoulos, 2007):
-
Perform the function well for which they are redesigned

Be long lasting and adaptable to new uses
Respond well to their surrounding and enhance their context
Have a visual coherence and create delight for users and passers-
by
Be Sustainable non-polluting, energy efficient, easily accessible
and have a minimal environment impact.
The design process of adapting a building requires many professionals

to provide a creative solution for this unique project. As an architects
will responsible for the overall design and engineer analysis the
existing structure whether suitable for the modification or extension.
Adaptive Reuse can be applicable to any type of our existing building,
from industrial buildings to normal shop and anything in between.
2.3 Advantages of Adaptive Reuse
Basically there are evident environmental, social, and economic benefits
to adaptive reuse project for all stakeholders. The environmental benefits
are experienced through the reuse and recycling of the existing materials
and structure, reducing the amount of construction waste and embodied
energy of the building. The existing material have the special aesthetic
value and environment friendly compare to the new one, it can work as a
decorative element or increase the aesthetic value of the building and
also energy efficiency. Finally, the reuse building can reduce the urban
sprawl and preserves the natural environment that already exist in the
surrounding.
The social benefits of reuse project are increase the heritage and cultural
values of a building. Building is a memory for the certain area, it can be a
land mark or a social activities places. It served a specific purpose in the
neighbourhood to which people are connected. Preserving the building will
help to improve the character to an area and create a memory, acting as
a link to the past. The reuse building also can increase the interesting
point of the street that can make it as a tourist spot, driven the
community to create a new market.
As for the social benefit will also help to increase the economic. As the
reuse building normally will located in the town area and surround by the
public infrastructure services, so the government no need to invest more
money to extend the infrastructure service. The reuse building is more
affordable compare to the new property and will be easier to have buyer.
7
Although adaptive reuse bring many benefit to nowadays society, but the
most important key point to start adaptive reuse in our country is depend
to our market demand and developers. If our market would accept the
adaptive reuse building, mostly the developer would like to modify the
existing building into something that can be use or sell. Reason is because
adaptive reuse is the option that would produce the greatest financial gain
and possibility of lower construction costs as compared to new build
project. Developer will be the biggest beneficiaries in the advantages of
adaptive reuse.
environ
ement
develop
er
adapti
ve
reuse
buildin
g
econo
mic
social
Diagram 1. Beneficiaries from adaptive reuse building
3.0 Adaptive Reuse of Malaysia Heritage Building

3.1 Issues of Malaysia Heritage Building
Malaysia is a development country, there still many place is waiting to
develop become new city. During the colonial period, there are few area
such as Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Pulau Pinang was developed became the
planned city that we can see in the Malaysia. All of the heritage building
was built during that period till now and most of the heritage building are
shop lot, houses and factory. The imperfect development planning and
lack of basic building safety requirement which led some of the heritage
building facing abandon issue in Malaysia.
In the early transformation stage of city development in Malaysia, there
are many issues facing by our Malaysia government. First will be the
existing building that located in the middle of city planning area, most of
the shop already fully occupied by the local people. But in order to
complete the city planning, government have to sacrifice few of the
existing building by built a flyover or main transportation route in front of
the building and led the building become abandon due to lack of parking
space or noise pollution. The abandon unit soon will dismantle and rebuilt
to merge up with the surrounding development. Best example is Tun
Razak Exchange Project which located in the Jalan Imbi, the government
10
dismantle certain existing building in that area and redevelop the spaces
become a new leading centre for international finance and business.
Nowadays most of the people more focus on the safety requirement when
visit or purchase the building. The safety requirement such as the security
of the spaces and the health conditions. Some of the early building such
as shop and house doesn't reach these basic requirement and make loss
of users confidence.
3.2 Conservation
The Malaysia government should take serious action in order to protect
the heritage building rather than abandoned it. There are few strategies
for the government to conserve the heritage building, can start from
refurbish the existing structure with adaptive reuse idea. Design a new
finishing and space planning for the building by add in modern element or
sustainable element is the most suitable idea for nowadays society. There
are few successful adaptive reuse heritage building in Malaysia, such as
the Hotel Penaga, Pulau Pinang. Hotel Penaga was originally three row of
double storey terraced houses and shop houses, built probably in the
1920s. After 2008, one of the client bought down the building and
converting them into the sort of hotel, these art deco terraces are unique
and after renovated and it became a very interesting spot that will
attracted the attention of local people and tourism from all around the
world. The Hotel Penaga not only successfully business, it also received a
11
gold reward of green building index, proof that the heritage building also
can be a sustainable and environmental friendly building.
Figure 1. Hotel Penaga, Pulau Pinang.
(Sources : http://hotelpenaga.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/abouthotel-penaga.jpg)
Another success example will be the sekeping retreat house family. It is
design by the Malaysia local famous landscape architect company, Seksan
Design. The designer of that company especially like to choose the
abandoned heritage houses around Malaysia and redesign it become a
retreat style hotel. One of the most interesting examples is the Sekeping
Kong Heng, located in old town of Ipoh. It is a 3 storey neo-classical
building, was used as a hostel to house theatre performers who performed
in the adjacent theatre building that was burnt down in the 1950s. Now
rejuvenated, it become a hotel that will be able to offer guests a slice of
history within a real old town setting which is alive, working and real. The
designer put all effort to make sure preserve as much of the character of
the existing building as possible in contrast to the surrounding new
12
architectural interventions. At the same time the designer also add in
some passive design such as stack ventilation and green shading wall to
improve the sustainable of the hotel.
Figure 2. Sekeping Kong Heng, Ipoh.
(Sources :
http://static.laterooms.com/hotelphotos/laterooms/254154/gallery/sekepin
g-kong-heng-perak_080520130533213799.jpg)
4.0 A Case study: Kuala Lumpur Art Performing Centre

4.1 Introduction
13
Kuala Lumpur Art Performing Centre, or Pentas Seni Kuala Lumpur in
Sentul West is one of the adaptive reuse building. It also was designed by
Malaysia Famous Landscape architecture firm, Seksan Design, which also
designed the Sekeping Kong Heng. KLPAC is a centre for the performing
arts in Malaysia and the building have a long history behind it. KLPAC
building is located inside the Sentul Park, a piece of land which came
under YTL ownership with the acquisition of another company which is

Sime Darby.
Figure 3. Sentul Park location.
(Sources http://www.klpac.org/wp-content/themes/13Floor/images/mapbig.gif)
14
As we mention previously, Sentul used to be the main train depot in
Malaysia, there are many historical building. KLPAC building previously
was a wood crafting workshop and sawmill, which built with Red Brick load
bearing wall. In 1906, it became part of Sentul Works becoming the
regions most important railway depot and workshop. But it was bombed
during tail end of Wold War II and rebuilt became a golf clubhouse in the
late of 1960s. After that it became abandoned in the early of 1990s and
acquired by YTL Group in 2003.
YTL corporation and Yayasan Budi
Penyayang Joined hands to establish the Malaysia first fully-integrated arts

centre, KLPAC.
Figure 3. The railway depot & workshop in the 1900s.

(Sources http://www.klpac.org)
15
4.2 Design Strategies of KLPAC

The main concept of the KLPAC is to become an arts and cultural icon at
the same time also become a historical landmark by preserving the
original
architecture
through
the
method
of
adaptive
reuse.
The
requirement of spaces are to provide one main theatre, experimental

theatre, 10 studios, construction workshop and Cafe area.
In order to archive the requirement and concept, there are few following
design strategies that apply during the design process. First will be the
most important method, adaptive reuse. As we discuss previously,
adaptive reuse is a process that changes a disused or ineffective item into
a new item that can be used for a different purpose. The external facade
of the KLPAC is a former train workshop that built in the 1900s by the
British Army, the designer totally preserved existing facade without affect
it and collided with a modern, four-storey glass and steel structure. The
use of the finishing colour for the new structure is low contrast to the
existing red brick wall, mainly in monotone colour. (Show is Figure 4)
16
Figure 4. Four storey glass and steel structure and existing facade
(Sources: http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/20782108.jpg)
Except for the glass and steel structure, red brick and concrete are also
the main construction material used in the KLPAC design. The pick of
these material is ensure that the new structure can be merge up with the
surrounding environment. The Drop off area and the box office which
located outside of the building is a new extension of the existing building.
The simple and linear design that perfectly merge up with the existing
structure and provide a comfortable entrance view for all the guest. There
is a short distance walk way that connected the drop off area to the KLPAC
main entrance, beside the walk way is a landscape with reuse of the
timeworn railway sleepers in order to harmonize the old and new. (Figure
5)
17
Figure 5. The timeworn railway sleepers reused as part of the
landscaping.
(Source: http://www.klpac.org)
The second concept for KLPAC is sustainable design which can divide into
passive and active design. On the passive side, there is a green facade of
climbing plants growing around the stainless steel support that provide
environmental aesthetics and located in the east side make it can function
as a natural sunscreen.(Figure 6) The KLPAC also surrounded by many tree
and become natural shading device and apart from the city area.
Figure 6. The Green Shading Device Diagram
Green Shading Device
(Source: Tan Foo Wong)
18
As for the west side, the designer decide to maintain back the existing red
brick wall which provide excellent thermal mass. It can retain heat energy
when subjected to a temperature differential, plays a key role in stabilising
temperature swings, keeping the internal temperature in the comfort zone
longer. (Figure 7)
Figure 7. The Green Shading Device Diagram

(Source: Tan Foo Wong)
The internal space of KLPAC still maintain as same as previously, an open
and airy space allowing for flexibility of usage, double volume height glass
wall harvesting natural sunlight and provide enough brightness for
internal space. The passive design is very effective and minimize the
building operation cost.
The existing structure is a load bearing wall and cannot build any upper
floor level, but in order to provide more space to reach the requirement,
the engineers successful built up four storey of spaces by using the steel
structure and advance construction method. All the upper floor level using
light weight construction material and support by the I-Beam Structure.
19
Figure 8. Open and airy interior space with exploded steel structure
(Source: http://godblesz.blogspot.com/2008/06/klpac-sentul-park-part-4final.html)
20
5.0 Conclusion
As conclusion, based on the few example that we show above, adaptive
reuse is a very good method for our government to conserve the existing
heritage building rather than dismantle or abandon it. In order to archive
the best quality of the adaptive reuse project, we need to high level of
commitment to complete by combining all the professionals knowledge
together. Our government should plan seriously and encourage the local
developers to improve and maximize the usage of heritage building. The
understanding of this aspect is import as this development can preserve
the heritage building at the same time also promoting our countrys
architecture design on the existing structure and pass to our future
generation. A successful reuse planning of heritage building can bring
economic impact to our society.
21
References
Burchell, R. W., & Listokin, D. (1981). The adaptive reuse handbook: procedures
to inventory, control, manage, and reemploy surplus municipal properties.
Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. (2012). Shaping the future,
Case study in adaptation and reuse in Historic Urban Environments .
Jessen, J. &. (2003). 'Conversions - the new normal', in Schittich, C. (ed.) Building
in Existing Fabric. Basel: Birkhauser.
Lim, L. (2010, October 9). The Star Online. Retrieved from Sentul- A historic
Railway Town:
http://www.thestar.com.my/Lifestyle/Features/2010/10/09/Sentul--ahistoric-railway-town/
Loures, L., & Panagopoulos, T. (2007). Sustainable reclamation of industrial areas
in urban landscapes. Sustainable development And Planning III.
National Heritage Department. (2012). Warisan Kebangsaan. Retrieved from
https://www.heritage.gov.my
Schittich, C. (2003). Building in Existing Fabric - Refurbishment Extensions New
Design. Besel: Birkhauser.
Seksan Design. (2012). Seksan Design. Retrieved from Sentul West Park:
http://www.seksan.com/sentul.html
State Heritage Office. (n.d.). Heritage in Action, Adaptive Reuse. State Heritage
Office.
22

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Asian Architecture Research Final Report

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Доступные форматы

Asian Architecture [ARC 2213/2234]

PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY

Adaptive reuse design of heritage building in Malaysia,

Tan Foo Wong

Adaptive Reuse Background Information

Adaptive reuse of Malaysia heritage building

A Case Study : Kuala Lumpur Art Performing Centre

Important of Adaptive Reuse

2.1 Adaptive Reuse Definition

2.2 Principle of Adaptive Reuse

Perform the function well for which they are redesigned

The design process of adapting a building requires many professionals

3.0 Adaptive Reuse of Malaysia Heritage Building

4.0 A Case study: Kuala Lumpur Art Performing Centre

under YTL ownership with the acquisition of another company which is

YTL corporation and Yayasan Budi

Penyayang Joined hands to establish the Malaysia first fully-integrated arts

Figure 3. The railway depot & workshop in the 1900s.

4.2 Design Strategies of KLPAC

requirement of spaces are to provide one main theatre, experimental

existing red brick wall, mainly in monotone colour. (Show is Figure 4)

Figure 6. The Green Shading Device Diagram

Green Shading Device

(Source: Tan Foo Wong)

Figure 7. The Green Shading Device Diagram

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