Overview of Spss

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez / Ryan T.
Descallar
Training on Data Analysis Using SPSS
20-24 October 2008
UPPI Computer Laboratory
Overview of
The Data View

The Variable View
Reading an Excel worksheet file
Working with syntax

Saving files
Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

20-24 October 2008
Uses of SPSS in Data Analysis

Starting an SPSS Session
SPSS Editors/Windows
Menu System: Options available in the Editors
Toolbars
Dialog Boxes
Reading a data file
Outline of Presentation

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Statistical
Package for the
Social
Sciences

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A comprehensive integrated software

package for statistical data analysis.
Statistical Package for the

Social Sciences (SPSS)
Uses of SPSS

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Perform statistical analyses

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Produce charts and graphs of results
Transform and create new variables
Manipulate data
Store data
SPSS allows you to

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Data are entered using a spreadsheet and

results are displayed in a separate output
window.
The data and output can be saved
independently for the next work session.
The output tables can be copied to word
processing or presentation applications for
inclusion in papers or presentation slides.
In SPSS,
Starting an SPSS
Session

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Double click the SPSS icon using the left

mouse button
OR
Select SPSS from the 'Programs' list in the
menu
Double click on SPSS 16 for Windows
To start an SPSS session:

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Data View sheet - allows one to edit the

data
Variable View sheet - allows one to edit
information about the data
Displays the contents of the data file

Comprised of the:
1. Data Editor

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Displays all statistical results, tables and

charts
Opens automatically when the first piece
of output is produced in an SPSS session
Note: Output may be edited using the
various editor windows and saved for
later use.
2. Output Viewer

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SPSS Syntax may be written or pasted

into this window, usually for the purpose
of adding commands not available
through the dialog boxes or for
automating data analysis or file
manipulation procedures.
3. Syntax Window
Allows the modification of Output displayed in

Pivot Tables
Text may be edited, data in the tables may be
swapped, color may be added and results may
be selectively shown or hidden
Allows the modification of Text output not

displayed in pivot tables
In addition to editing the text, font
characteristics may also be changed

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5. Text Output Editor
4. Pivot Table Editor
Other SPSS Editors/Windows
Allows for the modification of standard

charts and plots

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Allows for the modification of threedimensional high-resolution charts
7. Interactive Charts Editor
6. Standard Charts Editor
Other SPSS Editors/Windows

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Each window has its own specific

menu system and toolbar.
Menu System and Toolbar

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Options available in the Data Editor Window
Menu System of the Data Editor
To create a new SPSS file, open an existing file, or

read spreadsheet or database files created by
other software programs, to print the contents of
the Data Editor and to exit the system
To cut, copy and paste data values, to find data

values and to change option settings

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To display gridlines, labels, the status bar and

toolbars, and to change the display font
View
Edit
File
Data Editor Window: Options
permanent file unless you explicitly save the file with

these changes.
Note: Changes are only temporary and do not affect the
To make global changes to SPSS data files, such

as merging files and creating subsets of cases for
analysis

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To make changes to selected variables in the data

file and to compute new variables based on the
values of existing ones
Transform
Data
To select the various statistical procedures you

want to use, e.g., cross tabulation, analysis of
variance, correlation and linear regression
Editor.

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Note: Some statistical procedures also generate graphs.

Note: All graphs can be customized with the Chart
To create bar charts, pie charts, histograms,

scatter plots and other full-color, high-resolution
graphs
Graphs
Analyze
To display information on the contents of an SPSS

data file, or to control the list of variables that
appear in the various dialog boxes
To switch between SPSS windows and manipulate

how they appear on the screen

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dialog boxes, and through activated pivot tables by

clicking the right mouse button on the item required.
Note: Context sensitive help is also available through the
Offers a range of procedures containing information

on how to use the many features of SPSS
Help
Window
Utilities

All
Selection
Current
To End

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To run all commands

To run a selection of commands
To execute the current command
To execute the commands from a specific
point up to the end of the program
statements
Use the Run option to execute commands written in

the syntax window.
Additional option: Run
All options available in the Data Editor except

Transform.
Syntax Editor Window: Options

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Both options are useful in enhancing the

format of the output.
Additional options: Insert and Format
All options in the Syntax Editor except

Run.
Output Editor Window: Options

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The function of any tool can be obtained by placing

the cursor over the tool in question and referring to
the left of the status bar at the bottom of the
application window, or the explanation label that
appears.
Provides quick and easy access to many frequently

used facilities and contains commands specific to
that particular window
Present in all Editors/Windows
The Tool Bar
The Dialog Box

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Displays the variables you have chosen for the analysis
Target variable list
procedure are displayed in the source list.
Note: Only variable types allowed by the selected
Shows the variables in the working data file
Source variable list
A special window that appears when

procedures are requested
The main dialog box for statistical procedures
and charts has the ff. components:
Dialog Box

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Dialog Box

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Dialog Box
Command buttons
Options
buttons

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Activate the relevant area of the SPSS Help facility. This is

context sensitive so selecting the Help button in the
Frequencies command will provide help in generating
univariate tables.
Cancel the options requested and quit the dialog box without
executing the procedure
Cancel any specification made within the dialog box but keeps
the box open to enable you to request new output
Paste SPSS command syntax into the Syntax window
Execute the procedure as set up in the dialog box
an action
Buttons that instruct SPSS to perform
Dialog Box: Command Buttons

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Opening a Data File

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A spreadsheet that displays

the actual data values or
defined value labels
The Data View

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Displays the name of application, SPSS

and the current window.
Title bar
The Data View

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The window you are currently using or that is

currently selected.
Keystrokes and commands are applied to the
active window.
Active Window
The Data View
Menu Bar

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Clicking once on a word on a menu bar opens the

associated menu, from which you can select a
command.
The Data View
Tool Bar

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Contains commands specific to that particular window
The Data View
Spreadsheet

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Area where one enter the values and

define the variables
Each column refers to a variable and
each row refers to a case
The Data View

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The cell in which typing will appear and

indicated by a dark border
A different cell can be made active
active by clicking on it, or by using the
tab, return, and cursor key to move to it
Active Cell
The Data View

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A spreadsheet that lists all the

variables rather than data
Contains information about all
the variables
Rows are variables; columns
are variable attributes
The Variable View
Width
Decimals -
Label
Values
3.
4.
5.
6.

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Type
2.
1. Name
(Can be up to 60 characters long)
Value labels for any category codes
(Can be up to 256 characters long)
Variable label for the variable
Number of decimal places
Character width of the variable
Type of variable
(Numeric, String or Others)
Variable name
(No more than 8 characters in length)
Variable Attributes
Columns -
Align
8.
9.
Specifies the alignment of values within

the column
Changes the display width of the

column (Note: This can also be done
directly in the data viewer using the
mouse.)
Specifies which codes should be treated

as missing and hence excluded from
most analyses

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10. Measurement - Level of measurement for the variable

(Note: The term 'Scale' indicates a
continuous variable)
Missing -
7.
Variable Attributes

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SPSS assumes all the information that it is

reading are data values.
The location of the variable names should be
specified to differentiate between the variable
names and data values.
It classifies data values in terms of the data type
(e.g., whether the columns contain string or
numeric data).
Rules when reading data from a spreadsheet

to SPSS:
SPSS can read a worksheet and given a range

to read, make a copy of the data in its own
data window.
Reading an Excel worksheet file

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Working with Syntax

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SPSS provides a powerful command language that

allows you to save and automate many common
tasks. It also provides some functionality not found in
the menus and dialog boxes
Working with syntax

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A command syntax file is simply a text

file that contains SPSS commands.
You can open a syntax window and
type commands directly, but it is often
easier to let the dialog boxes do some
or all of the work for you.
Working with syntax

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The easiest way to create syntax is to use the Paste

button located on most dialog boxes
Creating a syntax file
The slash before the first subcommand on a command is

usually optional.

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Variable names must be spelled out fully.
Command syntax is case insensitive, and three-letter

abbreviations can be used for many command
specifications.
Ex.: fre can be used for FREQUENCIES
Most subcommands are separated by slashes (/).
Each command must begin on a new line and end

with a period (.).
Syntax rules

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You can add space or break lines at almost any point

where a single blank is allowed, such as around
slashes, parentheses, arithmetic operators, or
between variable names.
You can use as many lines as you want to specify a

single command.
Each line of command syntax cannot exceed 80

characters.
Text included within apostrophes or quotation marks

must be contained on a single line.
Syntax rules

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SPSS automatically adds a three-letter suffix

end of the file name
Type of file
Thus, with a particular
data set, use a single
Data file
name for the prefix of all
three files and let the
Output file
suffix distinguish among
the different file types.
Syntax file
.sps
.spv
.sav
Suffix
to the
To save a file, make that particular window active.

Once you have activated the desired window, click
on File and then Save.
Saving files

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Now were ready to create a

sample data

Overview of Spss

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Overview of Spss

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Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez / Ryan T.

The Data View

Working with syntax

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Uses of SPSS in Data Analysis

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

A comprehensive integrated software

Statistical Package for the

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Perform statistical analyses

Produce charts and graphs of results

Transform and create new variables

SPSS allows you to

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Data are entered using a spreadsheet and

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Double click the SPSS icon using the left

To start an SPSS session:

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Data View sheet - allows one to edit the

Displays the contents of the data file

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Displays all statistical results, tables and

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

SPSS Syntax may be written or pasted

Allows the modification of Output displayed in

Allows the modification of Text output not

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

5. Text Output Editor

4. Pivot Table Editor

Other SPSS Editors/Windows

Allows for the modification of standard

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Allows for the modification of threedimensional high-resolution charts

7. Interactive Charts Editor

6. Standard Charts Editor

Other SPSS Editors/Windows

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Each window has its own specific

Menu System and Toolbar

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Options available in the Data Editor Window

Menu System of the Data Editor

To create a new SPSS file, open an existing file, or

To cut, copy and paste data values, to find data

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

To display gridlines, labels, the status bar and

Data Editor Window: Options

permanent file unless you explicitly save the file with

Note: Changes are only temporary and do not affect the

To make global changes to SPSS data files, such

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

To make changes to selected variables in the data

Data Editor Window: Options

To select the various statistical procedures you

Prof. Ma. Paz N. Marquez/Ryan T. Descallar

Note: Some statistical procedures also generate graphs.

To create bar charts, pie charts, histograms,

Data Editor Window: Options

To display information on the contents of an SPSS

To switch between SPSS windows and manipulate