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Problems: Be sure to show your work. Give clear explanations wherever requested.
1) A 1.461 g sample of table sugar is combusted in a constant volume (bomb) calorimeter
that has a heat capacity of 1.560 kJ/C. The temperature of the calorimeter increases by
15.38C.
a) Assuming that the table sugar is pure sucrose, C12H22O11(s), write the balanced
equation for the combustion reaction. Write all substances in their physical states at
25C.
b) Calculate E for the reaction as written in the balanced equation.
c) Calculate H at 25C for the reaction as written in the balanced equation.
2) A sample of Br2 (g) takes 18.0 minutes to effuse through a membrane. How long would it
take for the same number of moles of Ar (g) to effuse through the same membrane?
3) Table salt, NaCl (s), and sugar, C12H22O11(s), are accidentally mixed. A 4.50-g sample is
burned, and 3.30g of CO2(g) is produced. What is the mass percentage of the table salt in
the mixture?
4) The following two transitions appear in the line spectrum of potassium:
[Ar]4p1 [Ar]4s1 = 769.9 nm
[Ar]4p1 [Ar]3d1 = 1169 nm
Also, the first ionization energy of potassium is 419 kJ/mol. Given this information,
calculate the energy required to ionize a potassium atom from its [Ar]3d1 state. (Hint: it
may be helpful to construct an energy diagram showing the energies of the 3d, 4p, 4s,
and ionized state.)
5) A 1.3876 gram sample of a compound with the formula XC4H10 is combusted, yielding
1.978 g of CO2 and 1.012 g of H2O, along with a white power. With this information,
determine what element X is.
6) An unidentified transition metal M and an unidentified halogen X react to form a
compound MX2. When heated, the compound decomposes by the reaction:
2 MX2(s) 2 MX(s) + X2(g)
When 1.12 g of MX2 is heated, 0.720 g of MX is obtained, along with 62.38 mL of gas at
741.2 torr at 25C. What is the identity of the halogen X and of the metal M?
7) A student has two unlabeled bottles, both containing a while crystalline solid. She knows
that one bottle contains tartaric acid (H2C4H4O6) and the other bottle contains oxalic acid
(H2C2O4), but she is not sure which is which. The student performs a titration using one
of the compounds and determines the following:
A 2.738 g sample of acid dissolved in water to make 20.00 mL of solution requires 43.24
mL of 0.844 M NaOH for complete neutralization. Which acid has she titrated? (Note
that both of these acids are diprotic each has two acidic hydrogens per molecule.)
3s ____
3s ____
2s ____
2s ____
1s ____
1s ____
10) An element in period 2 has the following successive ionization energies (in kJ/mol).
Identify the element.
IE1 = 801
IE2 = 2427
IE3 = 3659
11) An equilibrium mixture consists of 0.25 M NO2 (g) and 0.45 M N2O4 (g) in a 0.75 L
container. A chemist wishes to add some NO2 to this mixture in order to increase the
equilibrium amount of NO2(g) to 0.50 moles. Assume the temperature and volume are
constant. How many moles of NO2(g) must be added to the container?
12) You have two identical flasks, labeled A and B. Flask A contains helium gas and flask B
contains oxygen gas. The gases exert equal pressures. However, the temperature in flask
A is higher than the temperature in flask B. Answer the following questions and explain
your answers.
Bond
CO
C=O
OO
O=O
OH
HH
CH
CC
C=C
BDE (kJ/mol)
360
736
146
498
464
436
414
347
611
23) The Ka of hydrocyanic acid, HCN, is 6.2 x 10-10. Determine the pH of a 0.25 M solution
of hydrocyanic acid. Use the approximation method to solve the equation. Clearly show
your work and indicate what approximation you made.
BDE
(kJ/mol)
167
418
942
386
432
26) A 5.00 L rigid flask contains an equilibrium mixture of 0.500 M NOCl(g), 0.020 M NO
and 0.010 M Cl2.
2 NOCl(g) 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)
A chemist injects an unknown amount of chlorine gas intro the mixture. After
equilibrium is reestablished, she determines that the concentration of the NO(g) is now
0.015 M. How many moles of chlorine gas must have been injected?
27) When 0.100 mol of gaseous N2 and 0.100 mol of gaseous H2 are put into a 5.00 L
container at 250 C, the following reaction occurs and reaches equilibrium.
N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3(g)
The total pressure in the flask at equilibrium is 1.52 atm. Calculate KP and Kc for this
reaction.