ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

DEFINITION:
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as death or necrosis of myocardial cells. It is a diagnosis at the end of the spectrum of myocardial ischemia or
acute coronary syndromes.

PREDISPOSING PRECIPITATING
FACTORS: FACTORS:
►Gender(male) ►Hypertension
►Race ►Atherosclerosis
►Obesity ►Angina Pectoris
►Smoking History ►CAD
► DM
S/sx:
►Temporary ↑ HR &
BP
Ruptured Atherosclerotic Plaque

S/sx:
►Pain Arterial Spasm & Thrombus Activation of SNS
►Dyspnea Formation (Release of Catecholamine)

↓Blood supply & ↓O2 (myocardium) Anaerobic Metabolism

Ischemia of the Heart tissue ↓ Contractility & pumping ability Metabolic Acidosis

Necrosis

Sudden Cardiac Arrest ↓ Blood flow to Body Circulation
(Lungs, Kidney, Brain, & Digestive System)
Ischemia of the Body
Organ Damage
(e.g. Kidney Failure)
DEATH
S/sx:
►Cool, clammy, diaphoretic, pale skin
►Anxiety
►Restlessness
► Light-headedness
►↓ Urinary output
►Nausea& vomiting
►Altered Cognitive function
COMPLICATIONS
EARLY
►Failure of reperfusion
►Arrhythmias
►Left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure
►Cardiogenic shock
►Pericarditis
►Ventricular rupture and ventricular septal defect
►Acute mitral regurgitation
►Right ventricular failure
LATE
►Deep vein thrombosis
►Pulmonary embolism
►Mural thrombosis and systemic embolism
►Left ventricular aneurysm
►Dressler's syndrome
►Depression