ASSIGNMENT

SUBMITTED BY:

SUBMITTED TO:
SIR ENGG. ATIF MAJEED

NOISE POLLUTION:
Noise pollution is take place when there is either excessive amount of noise or an
unpleasant sound that causes temporary in the natural balance.

EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION ON HUMAN:

High noise levels can contribute to heart problems in humans, a rise in blood
pressure, and an increase in stress etc. In animals, noise can increase the risk of
death, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent
hearing loss..

MITIGATION:
Roadway noise can be reduced by the use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle
speeds, alteration of roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of
traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and

tire design. An important factor in applying these strategies is a computer model

for roadway noise, that is capable of addressing local topography, meteorology
(the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere), traffic operations, and
hypothetical mitigation. Costs of building-in mitigation can be modest, provided
these solutions are sought in the planning stage of a roadway project.

MITIGATION MEASURES:
Mitigation for a designated project, , means the elimination, reduction or control
of the adverse environmental impact of the project; includes restitution by
replacement, restoration, compensation or other means for damage to the
environment caused by the impact.

Proposals for mitigation shall give priority to avoidance of impact. The assessment
methods shall be capable of :
identifying and evaluating mitigation measures in order to avoid, reduce or
remedy the impact;.
Proposals for mitigation measures should be accompanied with an
implementation program together with all detailed treatment, elevations and
landscape in scaled plans and drawings. A rescue plan, when required, may
involve preservation of an archaeological site "by record", i.e. through excavation
to extract the maximum data, full historical, cartographical, photographic and
photogrammetric records of a historical building; re-erection of a stone tablet in
a suitable amenities plot etc.

Environmental Impact assessment:

Detail study based on environmental impact asscessment (EA) to determine the
type and level of effects an existing facility is having, or a proposed project would
have, on its natural environment.

Objectives:
(1) To help decide if the effects are acceptable or have to be reduced

for continuation of

the facility or proceeding with the proposed project.

(2) To design/implement appropriate monitoring, mitigation,

and management measures.
(3) Propose acceptable alternatives.
(4) To prepare an environmental impact report (EIR)

The adequacy of an EIA is based on the extent to which the environmental

impacts can be identified, evaluated, and mitigated. An EIA is
a standard requirement where international agencies (such as World Bank) are
involved, and is critically important for projects requiring a
major change in land use or those which are to be located in environmentally
sensitive areas.

PURPOSES OF SCOOPING TOOLS EIA:

Scoping is a critical, early step in the preparation of an EIA. The scoping process
identifies the issues that are likely to be of most importance during the EIA and
eliminates those that are of little concern. Typically, this process concludes with
the establishment of Terms of Reference for the preparation of an EIA. In this way,
scoping ensures that EIA studies are focused on the significant effects and time
and money are not wasted on unnecessary investigations..
The purpose of scoping is to identify:

the important issues to be considered in an EIA;

the appropriate time and space boundaries of the EIA study;

the information necessary for decision-making; and

the significant effects and factors to be studied in detail.

Scoping is completed when the detailed studies required in the EIA have been
specified often this involves preparing Terms of Reference (ToR) or an

equivalent document. This document sets out what the EIA is to cover, the type of

information to be submitted and the depth of analysis that is required. It provides

guidance to the proponent on how the study should be conducted and managed.
Experience shows that the ToR should be a flexible document. The terms may

need alteration as further information becomes available, and new issues emerge
or others are reduced in importance.

The scoping process itself can vary in scope, complexity and time taken. A

comprehensive approach to scoping may be needed for large-scale proposals,

which have a range of impacts that are potentially significant. In other cases,
scoping will be a more limited and restricted exercise. Depending on the

circumstances, the scoping process can be tailored to include some or all of the
aims listed below.

Key objectives of scoping are to:

inform the public about the proposal;

identify the main stakeholders and their concerns and values;

define the reasonable and practical alternatives to the proposal;

focus the important issues and significant impacts to be addressed by an

EIA;

define the boundaries for an EIA in time, space and subject matter;

set requirements for the collection of baseline and other information; and
establish the Terms of Reference for an EIA study.

ENVIORMENTAL MONITORING:
Monitoring is a cornerstone of EIA implementation and follow up. Other
components are dependent on the scope and type of monitoring information that

is provided. The primary aim of monitoring is to provide information that will aid
impact management, and, secondarily, to achieve a better understanding of

cause-effect relationships and to improve EIA prediction and mitigation methods.

Both the immediate and long-term benefits from undertaking monitoring as part
of EIA are widely recognized, although not always realized.
Monitoring is used to:

Establish baseline trends and conditions;

Measure the impacts that occur during project construction and operation;

Check their compliance with agreed conditions and standards;

Facilitate impact management, e.g. by warning of unanticipated impacts;

and

Determine the accuracy of impact predictions and the effectiveness of

mitigation measures.A sound baseline is a critical reference point for the

conduct of effects monitoring.

The following points need to be agreed as part of the EMP and conditions of
project approval:

Major impacts to be monitored;

Objectives of monitoring and data requirements;

Arrangements for the conduct of monitoring;
Use of the information to be collected;

Response to unanticipated or greater than predicted impacts; and

Measures for public reporting and involvement.

Monitoring requirements should focus on the significant impacts predicted in the

EIA report, taking account of:

The environmental values to be safeguarded.

The magnitude of each potential impact.

The risk or probability of each impact occurring.

The pathways and boundaries of each impact.

The confidence in the prediction of each impact.