Wireline Formation Testers

By
Dr. Jorge Salgado Gomes

Lecture Outcome

Purpose of wireline formation testers

History of formation testers
Multiple configurations
Pressure evaluation
Evaluation of permeability
Determination of fluids and fluid contacts
Assess reservoir continuity

History of

Formation Testers
FT
Formation
Tester

RFT
Repeat
Formation Tester

MDT Modular
Formation Dynamics
Tester

Electrical Power
Hydraulic Power
Probe
Dual-probe
Flow control
Optical Fluid Analyzer
Multisample
Sample
Sample
Pumpout

1955 - 1975

1975 - Present

1991 - Present
New Generation

Dual
Packer

Probe Configuration

Single Probe

Multi-Probe

Dual Packer

MDT COMMUNICATION WITH THE RESERVOIR

Different Configurations

Single Probe Tool

Dual Probe MDT

Photo of dual probe

MDT

Schematic Diagram
MDT in the wellbore
wireline

Borehole
wall
Observation
Probe. Measures
Vertical permeability
Hydraulic pistons to
push the tool
against the formation

Probe
Probes

KV

KH
Formation
fluids
enter the
tool

Observation probe. Measures

the horizontal permeability.

3/4/2013

Chap -1

Applications: Permeability
Applications
- Permeability determination
-Guard probe sampling

-Bulk Compressibility
(being developed)
KV

Horizontal Observation
Probe

KH

Flow
Pulse

Vertical Observation
Probe

Sink Probe (No CQG gauge)

Details of the Tool

MRPA Dual Packer Module

MR PSBC & CA

+ 78 5/8"
+ 61 7/8", Top of
Packer Module

MRMU-BA

MRPACA & DA
MRML-BA

MRSECA & DA

+41" to 46" (Varies

with Ho le Diameter)
+ 22" to 32" (Varies
with Ho le Diameter)

0, Interval Int ake

and Tool Zero
-13" to -18" (Var ies
with Ho le Diameter)
-26" to -3 6" (Var ies
with Ho le Diameter)

-74 1/4", Strain

Gauge Measure Point
-87 5/ 8", CQG
Measure Point
-138 5/8", Bottom
of Packer Module

MRPA Packer Element Selection/Usage Guide

http://ww.sugar-land.spc.slb.com/spc_open/spc_products/rsp/mdt/docu/index.html

Different Combinations

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1

Pressure Recording
on RFT

RFT Sampling Principles

Sample every porous and permeable
interval
At least two tests per zone (layer)
Test every layered zone
Check hydrostatic (mud) pressure every
test

MDT pressures versus Depth

Graphical representation
of fluids in the reservoir
from OH log interpretation

Graphical representation of
capillary pressure (Pc) versus
depth

Pressure in (psi)
3450

3500

3550

3600

3650

3700

gas
2300

gas

0.09 psi/ft

Zone with gas

GOC
Depth in meters

2350

oil

Zone with oil

oil

0.35 psi/ft
2400

Transition zone:
Water saturation
Increases with depth

OWC ?

2450

FWL

water

water
2500

Exact depth of GOC

difficult to establish with
OH logs.

Capillary Pressure (Pc) in psi

3400
2250

0.45 psi/ft

Zone with water

Pressure gradients are in psi/ft

2550

FWL Free Water Level, determined from MDT

GOC Gas Oil Contact, determined from OH logs and MDT
OWC Oil Water Contact, determined from OH logs
Swi Irreducible Water Saturation>

Swi
FWL; difficult
to establish with
OH logs. MDT is
required.

Water Saturation
Separation OWC-FWL
Due to treshold
pressure

Reservoir Continuity

Pressure vs Depth to establish

Reservoir Continuity

Pressure vs Depth in-fill Well

Effect of Depletion on
Pressure Profile

Courtesy of Schlumberger

RFT Gauges
Accuracy & Resolution
ACCURACY
Strain Gauge 0.41% FS
(TCO 0.13% = 13 psi)
HP gauge 0.5 psi (?)
CQG (MDT) 2 psi + 0.01% reading
RESOLUTION
Strain Gauge 1 psi
Quartz Gauge 0.01 psi
REPEATABILITY
Strain Gauge 0.06% FS
Quartz Gauge 0.1 psi

MDT (Pressures & Sampling)

Formation Pressures
CQG (Quartz) Gauge w/ Dynamic
Compensation
1 psi accuracy (15 Kpsi range)
.003 psi resolution
Controllable Pre-Test
Dual Packer
Multi-Probe Multi-Module
Capability
Vertical Interference testing
Vertical permeability
determination
Mini DST
MiniFrac

Sampling
Numerous Samples (over 30
possible!!)
Pump-out Capability
Cleanup prior to sampling
Flowline Resistivity
Optical Fluid Analysis
Real-time downhole fluid
differentiation
Transportable Sample Bottles
Flow Control capability
Dual Packer
Low Shock sampling
Single Phase sampling
Nitrogen gas charge to
maintain sample at downhole
pressure