Online - Uwin.ac - Id: Bachelor in Economics (S.E) : Manajemen

Course : Matematika Ekonomi (1507ME09)
online.uwin.ac.id
Bachelor in Economics (S.E): Manajemen
UWIN eLearning Program
Session Topic : Introduction to Matrices

Course: Matematika Ekonomi
By Handri Santoso, Ph.D
Content
Part 1
Introduction
Part 2
Matrix Addition, Subtraction
Part 3
Matrix Multiplication
Powered by HarukaEdu.com
- 1507ME09-
S.3
Part1: Introduction
Introduction: Matrices
What Youll See in This Chapter

This chapter introduces matrices.
It is divided into 3 sections.
Discusses...,
a. Some of the basic properties & operations of matrices strictly
from a mathematical perspective.
b. Several types of special matrices
c. Basic operation of matrices
- 1507ME09-
S.5
Introduction: Word Cloud
- 1507ME09-
S.6
Matrix: An Algebraic Definition
a. Algebraic definition of a matrix:

A table of scalars in square
brackets.
b. Matrix dimension. Defn:
The width & height of the table,
w x h.
c.
d.
Typically we use dimensions,

2 x 2 for 2D work &
3 x 3 for 3D work.
Well find a use for 4 x 4
matrices also.
Its a kluge.
More later.
- 1507ME09-
S.7
Matrix: Definition
A Matrix
Defn: A rectangular array of numbers.
- 1507ME09-
S.8
Matrix: Definition (Cont.)
a11
a
21
A

a
m1
a12
a22
am 2
a1n
a2 n
aij

amn
Element in ith row, jth column
m rows
Also written as A=aij
m n matrix
n columns
When m=n, A is called a square matrix.
- 1507ME09-
S.9
Matrix: Components & Square
Matrix Components
a. Entries
Defn: Numbered by row &
column,
eg. mij is the entry in row i,
column j.
b. Start numbering at 1, not 0.
Square Matrices
a. Same number as rows as columns
b. Entries,
mij are called the diagonal
entries.
The others are called
nondiagonal entries.
- 1507ME09-
S.10
Matrix: Diagonal
>A diagonal matrix. Defn:

A square matrix whose nondiagonal elements are zero.
>Symmetric Matrix
If A t A
1
4
A is called symmetric.
4 1
3
1 0
is symmetric.
Note, for A to be symmetric, is has to be square.
I n is trivially symmetric...
- 1507ME09-
S.11
Matrix: The Identity & Vector
The identity matrix of,

dimension n, denoted In,
is the n x n matrix with
1s on the diagonal & 0s elsewhere.
Vectors as Matrices
a. A row vector is a 1 x n matrix.
b. A column vector is an n x 1 matrix.
c. They were pretty much interchangeable in the lecture on Vectors.
d. Theyre not once you start treating them as matrices.
- 1507ME09-
S.12
Matrix: Transpose
Transpose of a Matrix
1. The transpose of an r x c matrix M is a c x r matrix called MT.
2. Take every row & rewrite it as a column.
3. Equivalently, flip about the diagonal
Facts About Transpose

a. Transpose is its own inverse: (MT)T = M for all matrices M.
b. DT = D for all diagonal matrices D (including the identity matrix I).
- 1507ME09-
S.13
Matrix: Vector & Equality
Transpose of a Vector
If v is a row vector,
vT is a column vector & vice-versa
Matrix Equality
Defn: Let A & B be 2 matrices.
A=B if they have the same number of rows &columns, &
every element at each position in A equals element at corresponding
position in B.
- 1507ME09-
S.14
Part2: Matrix Addition, Subtraction
Matrix: Addition & Subtraction
Let A = aij , B = bij be mn matrices. Then:

A + B = aij + bij &
A - B = aij - bij
1 1 3
4 4 3
4 1 4 4 0
1 1 3
4 3
4 2 5
4 1 4 2
- 1507ME09-
S.16
Matrix: Addition & Subtraction (Cont.)

A + B = aij + bij &
A - B = aij - bij
Solution
Total sales for each week will simply be the sum of,
the corresponding elements in matrices A & B.
For example, in week I the total sales of product Q will be 5 plus 8.
Total combined sales for Q & R can therefore be represented by the
matrix.
T=A+B=
=
12
10 12
5 8
49
7 8 9 3 4
14 8 18 21 5
123
7 4
108 1218 9 21 14 5
- 1507ME09-
13 13 15 11
18 30 30 19
S.17
Matrix: Addition & Subtraction (Cont.)

A + B = aij + bij &
A - B = aij - bij
If A =
12 30
15
& B=
7 35
Q: What is A-B?
A: Solution
12 30 7 35 12-7 30-35 5 -5
A-B =
4
7
8 15 4 8 8- 4 15-8
- 1507ME09-
S.18
Matrix: Properties
- 1507ME09-
S.19
Matrix: Multiplication
Matrix Multiplication Facts

a. Not commutative: in general AB BA.
b. Associative:
(AB)C = A(BC)
c. Associates with scalar multiplication:
k(AB) = (kA)B =A(kB)
d. (AB)T = BTAT
e. (M1M2M3Mn)T = MnT M3TM2TM1T
- 1507ME09-
S.20
Matrix: Multiplication (Cont.)
Vector-Matrix Multiplication Facts,

a. 1
Associates with vector multiplication.
Let v be,
1. a row vector
v(AB) = (vA)B
2. a column vector
(AB)v = A(Bv)
b. 2
Vector-matrix multiplication distributes over vector addition:
(v + w)M = vM + wM
That was for row vectors v, w.
Similarly for column vectors.
- 1507ME09-
S.21
Matrix: Scalar
Multiplying by a scalar
a. Can multiply a matrix by a scalar.
b. Result is a matrix of the same dimension.
c. To multiply,
a matrix by a scalar,
each component by the scalar.
- 1507ME09-
S.22
Part3: Matrix Multiplication
Matrix Multiplication: Fletcher Dunn & Ian Parberry
Fletcher Dunn
Software Developer
(2011-Present)
Lead Engineer (20072009)
Prof. Ian Parberry

Prof. Computer Science &
Engineering (1984)
Multiplying an r x n matrix A by
an n x c matrix B gives an r x c result AB.
- 1507ME09-
S.24
Multiplication: Result
a. Multiply an r x n matrix A by,

an n x c matrix B to..
give an r x c result C = AB.
b. Then C = [cij],
where cij is the dot product of
the ith row of A with the jth column of B.
c. That is:
- 1507ME09-
S.25
Multiplication: Example
- 1507ME09-
S.26
Multiplication: Another Way of Looking at It
- 1507ME09-
S.27
Multiplication: 2 x 2
2x2
AB
Case
Example
- 1507ME09-
S.28
Multiplication: 3 x 3 Case
- 1507ME09-
S.29
Multiplication: 3 x 3 Example
- 1507ME09-
S.30
Multiplication: Identity Matrix
a. Recall that the identity matrix I (or In) is,

a diagonal matrix whose diagonal entries are all 1.
b. Now that weve seen the definition of matrix multiplication,
we can say that IM = MI = M for
all matrices M (dimensions appropriate)
- 1507ME09-
S.31
Multiplication: Row & Column Vector
Row Vector Times Matrix Multiplication

Can multiply a row vector times a matrix
Matrix Times Column Vector Multiplication

Can multiply a matrix times a column vector.
- 1507ME09-
S.32
Multiplication: Row vs Column Vector
a. Row vs. column vector matters now.

Heres why: Let v be a row vector, M a matrix.
vM is legal, Mv is undefined
MvT is legal, vTM is undefined
b. DirectX uses row vectors.
c. OpenGL uses column vectors.
- 1507ME09-
S.33
Multiplication: Common Mistake
Common Mistake
MvT (vM)T, but MvT = (vMT)T
compare the following 2 results:
- 1507ME09-
S.34
Course : Matematika Ekonomi (1507ME09)
online.uwin.ac.id
Associate Partners :
Powered
by HarukaEdu.com
Powered
by HarukaEdu.com
- 1507ME09-
S.35

Online - Uwin.ac - Id: Bachelor in Economics (S.E) : Manajemen

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Online - Uwin.ac - Id: Bachelor in Economics (S.E) : Manajemen

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Course : Matematika Ekonomi (1507ME09)

UWIN eLearning Program

Session Topic : Introduction to Matrices

Matrix Addition, Subtraction

What Youll See in This Chapter

Introduction: Word Cloud

Matrix: An Algebraic Definition

a. Algebraic definition of a matrix:

Typically we use dimensions,

Matrix: Definition (Cont.)

Element in ith row, jth column

Also written as A=aij

Matrix: Components & Square

>A diagonal matrix. Defn:

Matrix: The Identity & Vector

The identity matrix of,

Facts About Transpose

Matrix: Vector & Equality

Part2: Matrix Addition, Subtraction

Matrix: Addition & Subtraction

Let A = aij , B = bij be mn matrices. Then:

Matrix: Addition & Subtraction (Cont.)

Let A = aij , B = bij be mn matrices. Then:

Matrix: Addition & Subtraction (Cont.)

Let A = aij , B = bij be mn matrices. Then:

Matrix Multiplication Facts

Matrix: Multiplication (Cont.)

Vector-Matrix Multiplication Facts,

Part3: Matrix Multiplication

Matrix Multiplication: Fletcher Dunn & Ian Parberry

Prof. Ian Parberry

a. Multiply an r x n matrix A by,

Multiplication: Another Way of Looking at It

Multiplication: Identity Matrix

a. Recall that the identity matrix I (or In) is,

Multiplication: Row & Column Vector

Row Vector Times Matrix Multiplication

Matrix Times Column Vector Multiplication

Multiplication: Row vs Column Vector

a. Row vs. column vector matters now.

Multiplication: Common Mistake

Course : Matematika Ekonomi (1507ME09)

Вам также может понравиться