Linux+ Flashcards - Quizlet

Linux+ flashcards | Quizlet
1 of 11
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During Linux installation, you need to

configure a minimum of how many user
accounts?
two
Filesystem that performs journaling
ext3
Shares password databases among Linux

systems
Network Information Service (NIS)
Program started by the BIOS that loads the

Linux kernel into memory from a hard disk
partition inside the computer
boot loader
command that halts the system immediately

and powers down the computer
poweroff
Allows you to choose the operating system

upon system startup
dual booting
Specify a commands' working parameters
arguments
Channel that allows a user to log in
terminal
Alter the way a command works
options
Traditional filesystem still used on most Linux

computers
ext2
In Linux, what is used to accept input from the

user and pass input to the kernel for
processing?
Shell
To find all of the commands that have the word

list in their name or description, you would
type what?
man -k list
What metacharacterindicates background

command execution?
&
What is the shell that is used by default in

Linux?
BASH
Which Linux Command displays your login

name?
whoami
What is the most common method of installing

Linux?
DVD installation
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Because you need to document so many pieces

of hardware and software information, you
should create a ______ that contains all
important installation information as well as
hardware information.
Preinstallation checklist
What are specific letters that start with a dash

(-)?
Options
What directory contains system commands and

utilities?
/usr
What filesystem is compatible with the

Windows FAT filesystem?
VFAT
Hard disks can contain how many major

partitions?
The command that displays the calendar for the

current month is what?
cal
what is the metacharacter for command

termination?
Which Linux command gets you out of your

current shell?
exit
The recommended size for the /home directory

is _____ per user.
200 MB
What command will confirm the system

directory that you are currently in?
pwd
What metacharacter can also be used to refer to

the current user's home directory?
To move from the /home/joe/test/data to the

home/joe directory, what command would you
use?
cd../..
If you type enough unique letters of a directory

and press the _____ key, the BASH shell will
find the intended file or directory being
specified and fill in the appropriate
information.
Tab
Most files on a Linux system that contain

configuration information are what kind of
files?
text files
To view a list of files and their type, use the

____ switch to the ls command.
-F
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The ____ symbol indicates a linked file.
The ____ command can be used to provide a

long listing for each file in a certain directory.
ls -l
Using wildcard metacharacters, how can one

indicate a number is either 1, 2, 3, or 4?
[1-4]
The ____ command displays the last five lines

of a text file
tail -5
Extended regular expression metacharacters
?, +, {}, |
The ____ regular expression metacharacter

matches 0 or more occurrences of the previous
character.
What key combination, commonly used in the

vi editor command mode, displays current line
statistics?
ctrl + g
The ____ can be used with LISP artificial

intelligence programming language and
supports hundreds of keyboard functions like
the vi editor.
Emacs editor
The ____ editor is functionally analogous to the

Windows Wordpad and Notepad editors.
gedit
Displays files in reverse order
tac command
Displays lines of test that match extended

regular expressions
egrep comand
Identifies a channel that passes information

from one process in memory to another, and in
some cases can be mediated by fiels on the hard
drive
named pipe
Special file that serves as placeholders to

organize other files
directory
Displays the first ten lines of a text file
head command
A file that represents a device on the system,

such as a hard disk or serial port
Special device file
Files that have an association with one another
Linked files
A file that contains the most recent entries at

the bottom of the file
log file
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A file that allows a process on another

computer to write to a file on the local
computer while another process reads from that
file
socket file
In the FHS, the ____ directory contains the

Linux kernel and files used by the boot loader
/boot
In FHS, the ____ directory is the root user's

home directory
/root
In the FHS, the ____ directory contains most

system commands and utilities
/usr
Copying a file can be accomplished using what

command?
cp
What command takes a list of arguments

specifying the absolute or relative pathnames of
files to remove?
rm
The fastest method to search for files in the

Linux Directory tree is to use what command?
locate command
You can see the contents of a certain variable in

memory by using the ____ metacharacter with
the echo command
The ____ section of a filesystem is the section

that contains information about the filesystem
in general.
superblock
To create a hard link, you must use the ____

command
ln
The section of an inode that stores permissions

is called the _____ of a file.
mode
In a file's mode, if a permission is unavailable,

a ____ character replaces its position in the
mode
If a user has _____ permission for a file, they

can open. read, and edit the contents of a file
write
When using the chmod command for a specific

file, the ______ argument would add read
permissin and remove write permission for the
group persmission
g+r-w
When using the chmod command, the mode

rwx can be replaced by the number____.
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To set all of the special permission on a certain

file or directory, you can use the command
_____, where name is the name of the file or
directory.
chmod 7777 name
Command used to change the permissions for a

certain file or directory
chmod
Command used to view you current user name
whoami
Command used to view your group

memberships and primary group
groups
Command used to change the group owner of a

file or directory
chgrp
Command used to test network connectivity
ping
Command used to change the ownership of a

file or directory
chown
Command used to display BASH shell aliases
alias
Special variable on the system used to take

away permissions on new files and directories
immediately after they are created.
umask
Command used to quickly create an empty file.
touch
Devices that transfer data in a characterby-character fashion are referred to

as______devices.
character
The ____ device file represents the first

primary partition on the second IDE hard disk
drive (primary slave).
/dev/hdb1
The ____ device file represents the second

serial port on the system (COM2).
/dev/ttyS1
The ____ filesystem is used by software

programs that write to a CD-RW or DVD-RW
drive.
udf
The _____ filesystem contains most of the

operating system files.
root
To format a filesystem with a specified

filesystem type, you can use the ____ option
with the mkfs command.
-t
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To mount all filesystems in the /etc/fstab file

that are intended to mount at boot time, you can
simply type the ____ command.
mount -a
CD-ROMs typically use the _____ filesystem
iso9660
Linux requires how many partitions at

minimum?
two
Data is read off of hard disks in concentric

circles called what?
tracks
To create partitions after installation, you can

use the _____ command
fdisk
The easiest method for monitoring free space

by mounted filesystems is to use the _____
command
df
Errors on a filesystem are often referred to as

filesytem ____ and are common on most
filesystems.
corruption
To check a filesystem for errors, you can use

the _____ command, which can check
filesystems of many different types.
fsck
You can edit the quotas for certain users by

using the _____ command
edquota
Directory that stores devices files
/dev
Indicates a particular device
minor number
File on the hard disk representing a device on a

Linux system
device file
Command used to create modify system

parameters
tune2fs
The first readable sector of a hard disk, where

partition definitions are stored
MBR
File that contains a list of devices that are

currently used on the filesystem and their major
numbers
/proc/devices
Rigid quota limits that the user cannot exceed
hard limits
Points to the device driver for a device in the

Linux kernel
major number
Hard disk quotas that the user can exceed for a

certain period of time.
Soft limits
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Each SCSI device is assigned a unique ID

number known as a _____.
target id
Most Parallel SCSI controllers support up to

____ devices.
15
The highest priority SCSI device is given a

SCSI ID of______.
The _____ standard supports speeds of up to 80

MB/s.
SCSI-3 Ultra2 Wide
Raid level _____ is often referred to as disk

mirroring.
Raid level ____ is commonly referred to as disk

striping with parity
A Fedora 13 CD installation requires ___ CDs.
six
In Fedora Linux, a ____ file is a script file that

speifies the choices that you would normally
choose when you install the operating system
kickstart
If a Linux installaion ends abnormally and the

screen displays a "fatal signal _____" error
message, it indicates an error known as a
segmentation fault.
11
Some installation fail to place a boot loader on

the hard disk properly; this is often the case
with large hard disk drives that have over ____
cylinders.
1024
_____ installation log files are create by the

Fedora installation program.
two
to verify hardware settings, you can examine

the contents of the _____ directory.
/proc
The ____ file in the /proc directory contains a

list of memory address ranges reserved for
device use.
ioports
The ____ in the /proc directory contains

statistics on the performance of the processor.
loadavg
A remote disk to which a computer connects

using iSCSI
iSCSI target
File that contains a lists of packages that were

installed as well as a list of those that were not
installed
/root/install.log
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A type of RAID level 0 that consists of two

hard disks that are seen as one large volume.
spanning
A unique identifier for each devie attached to

any given node in a SCSI chain
Logical Unit Number (LUN)
File that lists all of the system events that

occurred during the installation, such as the
creation of user and group accounts
/root/install.log.syslog
A version of RAID controlled by the system

BIOS
firmware RAID
A protocol that may be used to install Fedora

via the network.
Network File System (NFS)
A type of RAID level 0 in which an individual

file is divided into sections and saved
concurrently on multiple disks.
disk striping
The situation in which a program has accessed

an area of RAM that was not assigned
segmentation fault
The file descriptor stdin is represented by the

number____.
The file descriptor stderr is represented by the

number___.
You can ue the BASH shell to redirect standard

output and standard error from the terminal
screen to a file on the filesystem using the ___
shell metacharacter followed by the absolute or
relative pathname of the file
>
You can redirect a file to the standard input of a

command using the ____ character.
<
The ____ command can be used to replace

characters in a file sent via Standard Input
tr
You can send the standard output of one

command to another command as standard
input using the ____ shell metacharacter.
The ____ command count the number of lines,

words, and characters in a file
wc
The ____ command can be used to extract,

manipulate, and format text using patternaction statements
awk
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Most configuration files on Linux systems are

delimited using ____ characters
colon
To see a list of the environmental variables and

their current values on a system, you can use
the ____ command
set
The _____ command could be used to view the

contents of the environment variable that
represents the BASH shell prompt.
echo $PS1
To see a list of all exported environment and

user-defined variables in the shell, you can use
the ____ command
env
The _____ environment fiel is always executed

immediately after login for all users on the
system, and sets most environment variables,
such as HOME and PATH.
/etc/profile
If you have _____ permission to a shell script,

you cn execute the shell script like any other
executable program on the system.
read and execute
The test statement ____ would be used to

determine if A is numerically greater than B
[ A -gt B ]
Labels representing command input and output
file descriptors
Any error messages generated by a command
stderr
Shell variables that are typically set by the

system and contain information that the system
and programs access regularly
environment variables
Files that are typically used to create custom

programs that perform administrative tasks on
Linux systems.
shell scrpits
The first line in a shell script, which specifies

the pathname to the shell that interprets the
contents of the shell script
hashpling
The information that is processed by the

command during execution
stdin
Constructs that alter the flow of a program

based on whether a command in the program
completed successfully or based on a decision
that the uer makes given a question posed by
the program
a decision construct
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The normal output of a command
stdout
A filter command that takes information from

standard input and sends that information to a
file, as well as to standard output.
tee
The Linux kernel is stored in the _____

directory.
/boot
_____ of the GRUB boot loader typically

resided on the Master boot record
Stage 1
To create an encrypted password for use in the

/boot/grub/grub.conf, you can use the ____
command
grub-md5-crypt
In the /etc/lilo.conf file, the ____ keyword

specifies the absolute pathname to the Linux
kernel.
image=
In the /etc/lilo.conf file, the ____ keyword

specifies the file that contains the physical
layout of the disk drive.
install=
A Linux system in runlevel ___ is a system that

has no daemons active in memory and is ready
to be powered off
After the entries in /etc/inittab have been

executed, the ____ file is executed to perform
tasks that must occur after system startup.
/etc/rc.d/rc.local
You can use the ____ command to start, stop,

or restart any daemons listed within the
/etc/rc.d/init.d directory.
service
Which utility can be used to modify runtime

configuration files so that they start and stop
daemons when entering a particular runlevel?
ntsysv
___ is a freely available version of X Windows

used in many Linux Distributions.
XFree86
The two most common dsktop environments

that are used on Linux are ____and____.
kde and gnome
The ______ window manager is used for the

GNOME desktop in Red Hat Fedora Core 2
metacity
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If your system uses the X.org implementation

of X Windows, the mouse, keyboard, monitor,
and video adapter card information is stored in
the ____ file in text format
/etc/x11/xorg.conf
To configure your keyboard, you can use the

_____ command from either a GUI or terminal
environment and restart X Windows
system-config-keyboard
After configuring X Windows, you can

fine-tune the vsync and hsync of the video card
using the ____ utility withing the desktop
environment.
xvidtune
Programs that tell X Windows how to draw teh

graphics and display the reult
X Client
A LILO version available for Intel Pentium and

Itanium computers that use Extensible
Firmware Interface (EFI).
ELILO
Utility used to configure video card and

monitor
Display settings
Modifies the look and feel of X Windows
Window manager
A system process tha performs useful tasks,

such as printing, scheduling, and operating
system maintenance
daemon
Another name for runlevels
initstates
Partition to which the MBR points
active partition
Most common boot loader on modern Linux

systems.
Grand unified bootloader
Used to run multiple OSs at the same time
virtualization software
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Linux+ flashcards | Quizlet

During Linux installation, you need to

Filesystem that performs journaling

Shares password databases among Linux

Network Information Service (NIS)

Program started by the BIOS that loads the

command that halts the system immediately

Allows you to choose the operating system

Specify a commands' working parameters

Channel that allows a user to log in

Alter the way a command works

Traditional filesystem still used on most Linux

In Linux, what is used to accept input from the

To find all of the commands that have the word

What metacharacterindicates background

What is the shell that is used by default in

Which Linux Command displays your login

What is the most common method of installing