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In some sentences in the Structure Section on TOEFL, you will be asked to identify the correct verb.
In fact, most of the sentences in the Structure section are verb problems. A verb is a word of phrase that
expresses action or condition. A verb can be classified as transitive or intransitive according to whether it
requires a complement; it can be classified further according to the kind of complement it requires,
including not only nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs, but also ing forms or infinitives. Choose
the correct answer in the incomplete sentences.
1. Almost everyone fails ____ the drivers test on the first try.
a. passing
b. to have passed
c. to pass
d. in passing
2. If endangered species ______ saved, rain forest must be protected.
a. are to be
b. be
c. can be
d. will be
3. The average spoken sentence in conversational English takes 2,5 seconds ______
a. for to complete
b. completing
c. to complete
d. by completing
4. Only twenty years ago, most doctors agreed _____ truthful with their terminally ill patients, a
trend that has reserved itself in modern medical practice.
a. dont to be
b. not to be
c. we shouldnt been
d. not to been
5. William Torrey Harris was one of the first educators interested _____ a logical progression of
topics in the school curriculum.
a. in establishing
b. for establishing
c. establishing
d. to establish
6. North American Indian tribes used sign language _____ with tribes that spoke a different
language or dialect.
a. to communicating
b. for communicate
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c. to communicate
d. for communicated
7. Art tends to be _____ more after the death of the artist, but most literary works tend to decrease in
value when the writer dies.
a. price
b. worthy
c. worth
d. value
8. Adult eagles let their offspring ____ nests near their original area.
a. build
b. builds
c. building
d. to build
9. If a person does not have an attorney, the court ____ one.
a. will appoint
b. appointed.
c. would appoint
d. appointing.
10. Iowa _____ of flat topped hills erected by the ancient Mound Builder people as temples and
burial sites.
a. with a large number
b. has a large number
c. having a large number
d. a large number
11. _____ the eight Ivy League schools are among the most prestigious colleges in the United States.
a. It is generally accepted that
b. That it is accepted.
c. Accepting that it is
d. That is accepted.
12. To relieve pain caused by severe burns, prevent infection, and treat for shock, _____ immediate
steps.
a. taking
b. to take
c. taken
d. take
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Auxiliary Verbs
In some sentences in the structure section on TOEFL , you will be asked to select the correct auxiliary
verb. An auxiliary verb that accompanies the main verb and makes distinctions in the meaning of the
main verb. Some examples of auxiliary verbs are BE. HAVE, or a modal. Choose the correct answer in
the incomplete sentences.
1. On the average, a healthy heart _____ to pump five tablespoons of blood with every beat
a. must
b. ought
c. can
d. should
2. In general, by the second year of production, the price of a new piece of technology ____
signification
a. will decreased
b. has decreased
c. will have decreased
d. will has decreased
3. A cure for juvenile diabetes _____ until more funds are allocated to basic research.
a. wont develop
b. arent developing
c. dont develop
d. wont be developed
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4. Civil engineers had better ______ steel supports in concrete structures built on unstable
geophysical sites.
a. Include
b. Including
c. Inclusion
d. Included
5. The cones of pine trees _____ two or three years to reach maturity.
a. to take
b. taking
c. may take
d. takes
6. Although the scientific community had hoped that the field of transplantation ____, the shortage
of organ donor s has curtailed research.
a. progress
b. had progressed
c. would progress
d. progressing
7. Even without strong wings, the ostrich has survived because It ____ at high speeds to escape
predator
a. to run
b. can run
c. running
d. run
Nouns
In some sentences in the Structure Section on TOEFL, you will be asked to identify the correct noun.
A noun is a word that names persons, objects, and ideas. There are two basic classifications of nouns in
English: count nouns and noncount nouns. Count nouns are those that can be made plural by s, -es, or
an irregular form. They are used in agreement with either singular or plural verbs. Noncount nouns are
those that cannot be made plural in these ways. They are used in agreement with singular verbs. It is
necessary to know whether a noun is count or noncount to maintain verb agreement and to choose correct
adjective modifiers. Choose the correct answer in the incomplete sentences.
1. The two main ____ are permanent magnets and electromagnets .
a. kinds of magnets
b. kinds of magnets
c. kind magnets
d. kinds magnets
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9. _____ by the author John Grisham are frequently on the best seller list.
a. The novel
b. Novels
c. A novel
d. Some novel
10. ____ have made communication faster and easier through the use of e-mal an the Internet is
widely recognized.
a. It is that computers
b. That it is computers
c. Computers that
d. That computers
11. Termites can do _____ to the wood in homes before they are detected.
a. an extensive damage
b. extensive damages
c. the extensive damage
d. extensive damage
Pronouns
In some sentences in the Structure Section on TOEFL, you will be asked to identify the correct
pronoun. A pronoun is a word that can be used instead of noun, usually to avoid repeat-ing the noun. A
pronoun may be singular or plural; masculine, feminine, or neuter; and first, second, or third person to
agree with the noun to which it refers. A pronoun may be used as the subject of a sentence, a clause, or a
preposition. In English, pronouns are also used to express possessives. Choose the correct answer in the
incomplete sentences.
1. The crime rate has begun to decline in New York City due to efforts on the part of both
government and private citizens to curb ______ .
a. them
b. him
c. its
d. it
2. Seals can ____ because they have a thick layer of blubber under their fur.
a. keep them warm
b. keep themselves warm
c. they keep warm
d. keep their warm
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3. In order for people who speak different language to engage in trade ____ they often develop a
simplified language called pidgin.
a. with each the other
b. with each to the other
c. with each another
d. with each other
4. Domestic cats often show loyalty to their owners by leaving freshly killed prey such as birds for
____ to find.
a. they
b. he
c. them
d. their
5. The United states and Canada have many trade agreements that benefit ____ .
a. one the other
b. other
c. other one
d. each other
e.
6. The constellation Orion is easily recognized by ____ three vertical stars.
a. your
b. its
c. their
d. her
7. Wolves, which are known to travel in packs, both provide for and defend _____ through group
cooperation.
a. himself
b. themselves
c. itself
d. theirselves
8. Although orchids give the appearance of being very fragile, they are actually very hardy plants
____ indoor s during the winter months
a. which may be grown
b. what may grow
c. who may be grow
d. where may be growing
9. Hyperactivity in children may result from ____ some food additives
a. their eating
b. they eat
c. to eat
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d. them eating
10. Hawkeye was a character ____ James Fenimore Cooper created for The Last of the Mohicans
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
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Choose
the
incorrect
or
phrase
in
the
underlined
choices.
1. When
the
silkworm
gets
through
to
lay
its
eggs,
it
dies.
A
B
C
D
2. A
barometer
is
a
device
with
a
sealed
metal
chamber
designed
to
reading
the
changes
in
the
A
B
C
Pressure
of
air
in
the
atmosphere.
D
3. Since
lighting
was
probably
significant
in
the
formation
of
life,
understanding
it
might
help
us
to
A
B
understanding
life
itself.
C
D
4. If
the
oxygen
supply
in
the
atmosphere
was
not
replenished
by
plants,
it
would
soon
be
A
B
C
exhausted.
D
5. The
Girls
Scouts,
which
was
found
by
Juliette
Gordon
Low
in
1912,
has
grown
to
a
current
A
B
C
membership
of
more
than
three
million
girls.
D
6. It
is
generally
believed
that
Thomas
Jefferon
was
the
one
who
had
researched
and
wrote
the
A
B
Declaration
of
Independences
during
the
months
prior
to
its
signing
in
July
1776
C
D
7. Although
some
higher
structure
have
been
build
in
New
York
City,
none
characterizes
the
A
B
C
Skyline
better
than
the
Empire
State
Building.
D
8. Research
in
genetics
and
DNA
having
had
a
profound
influence
on
the
direction
of
A
B
C
treatment
for
a
large
number
of
diseases.
D
9. Bones
composed
chiefly
of
calcium,
phosphorous,
and
a
fibrous
substance
known
as
A
B
C
D
Collagen.
10. During
the
past
decade,
twenty
million
college
graduates
spended
more
then
fifty
A
B
C
billion
dollars
in
ten
year
student
loans.
D
11. There
is
no
limit
to
the
diversity
to
be
finding
in
the
cultures
of
people
throughout
the
world.
A
B
C
D
12. The
government
requires
that
a
census
taken
every
ten
years
so
that
accurate
statistics
A
B
C
may
be
compiled.
D
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13. It
is
important
that
cancer
is
diagnosed
and
treated
as
early
as
possible
in
order
to
assure
a
A
B
C
D
a
successful
cure.
14. Before
railroad
lines
were
extended
from
Missouri
to
New
Mexico
,
millions
of
dollars
in
A
B
trade
was
used
to
be
carried
over
the
Santa
Fe
Trail
by
wheeled
wagons.
C
D
15. Based
on
a
decline
in
vehicular
deaths
during
the
past
decade,
seat
belts,
air
bags,
baby
seats,
and
other
safety
feature
in
never
automobiles
must
be
save
lives.
A
B
C
D
16. The
gold
used
in
jewelry
is
not
strong
enough
unless
it
be
alloyed.
A
B
C
D
17. General
damage
that
been
caused
by
aphids
or
pollution
is
sometimes
known
as
blight.
A
B
C
D
18. Fred
Astaire
is
said
to
had
been
the
most
popular
dancer
of
his
time,
but
he
was
also
a
A
B
C
talented
actor,
singer,
and
choreographer.
D
19. The
understanding
electricity
depends
on
a
knowledge
of
atoms
and
the
subatomic
particles
of
A
B
C
which
they
are
composed.
D
20. The
U.S.
Postal
Services
delivers
more
mails
in
one
day
than
Federal
Express
does
in
one
year.
A
B
C
D
21. One
of
the
most
distinctive
plant
found
in
the
desert
is
the
Saguaro
cactus.
A
B
C
D
22. A
thunder
usually
follows
lightning
by
five
seconds
for
every
mile
between
the
flash
and
A
B
C
D
the
observer.
23. The
stories
of
Dr.
Seuss
have
been
enjoyed
by
millions
of
childrens.
A
B
C
D
24. Collections
of
the
simple
and
functional
Shaker
furniture
can
be
seen
in
museum
A
B
C
D
throughout
the
United
States
25. The
decathlon
is
a
two
day
athetic
competition
which
consists
of
ten
types
tract
and
A
B
C
D
field
events.
26. Provide
pension
for
retired
persons
is
the
primary
function
of
the
social
security
system.
A
B
C
D
27. New
equipments
for
medical
diagnosis
have
made
many
formerly
unpleasant
A
B
C
procedures
quite
painless.
D
28. Sloths
spend
most
of
its
time
hanging
upside
down
from
trees
and
feeding
on
A
B
C
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29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34. The
first
full
length
animated
movie.
Snow
White,
was
produced
by
Walt
A
B
Disney
whom
creative
genius
also
inspired
such
animated
classics
as
Bambi
and
C
D
Cinderella.
35. In
advanced
stages
of
anorexia,
the
patient
is
unable
to
feed
themselves.
A
B
C
D
36. It
is
documented
that
Custer
led
his
troops
into
a
ravine
near
the
Little
Big
Horn,
A
B
Where
a
huge
army
of
Sioux
Indians
was
waiting
for
they.
C
D
37. The
sea
horse
is
unique
among
fish
because
the
female
deposits
their
eggs
in
a
A
B
C
Pouch
that
the
male
carries
until
the
small
sea
horses
are
hatched.
D
==Good
Luck
==
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