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, http://shipov-vacuum.com
31.12.1982 . ,
( )
[1] ( - )
[2] . , , ?
, , ,
( ) . [3]. , , , ,
.
1984 [4]. ( )
, ,
. , , [5].
. . ,
[6], , [7], , , , , [8,9]. ,
[6] [10].
-, -
, () ,
,
SE
[11,12],
. -
, ,
, , ..
N
D Q (t ) = qi
i =1
dQ (t ) d
+ div j d V = I 0 ,
= ( x, t ) d V =
dt
dt
(1)
I = dQ dt - D, Q (t ) (.1).
1. : ) ; b)
.1 ( ), , : N
Q (t ) = qi ( ) i =1
E = Q / r 2
Q ; b) ( ) ,
E = Q (t ) / r 2 [11,12]
SE =
1 Q
.
rc t
( 2)
, (2) , .
[13]. (2), . , - . , . , . , .
. . ,
, (2)
. . . . .2, - 23 1921 , .
, 1931 . . .
75- :
.2 . . . 1921 .
. !
, 75- ,
, . .
.
. , . , 80 , , ,
(2), Pierce-Arrow, .
, . ,
150 /,
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:
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2. , ()
, .
3. , , , - , , .
3
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1.
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.
1872 . .
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. , . .
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.
Scientific American [13]. . ,
.
.
1889 .,
. , 1892 ., . .
, .
(.3).
.3.
, , . .
.4.
. ,
. ,
(2-6
). .
(.4).
5
.
, . , . . , . . . , ,
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, [13]:
1. ,
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2. ,
.
3. .
4. ,
.
5.
, .
6. .
7. , , . , , , .
8. 100 .
9. 100
.
2. .
,
. , (2).
1.1. S E
10
, . 5. 12-50 . L2 (
)
5000 .
.5. , S E
.4 .5, ,
. 4 -
. 5. . 4 .5,
, 7
L1 . Q = Q0 sin t ,
SE =
1 Q V
=
4 0 R cos t ,
rc t
rc
(3)
R - , V - , -
, 0 - ().
(3) (. . 6), ,
,
V , R . (3), . ,
R , V .
.6. S E
S E
1919 [14], (3) . . 7 ,
(3).
.7. S E
.8 , , . ,
, . , .6 )
, .
8
.8. ) 220 40 S E ; ) , S E ,
5 ,
- . . , . , S E . S E ,
.
(3)
-71 (.9.). . , S E (3). , : )
.9.
; ) . , , 9
.
. ,
.
, .
1.2. S E
. 10. , . 1897 .[10].
.10. S E
.11 ) , 2 , . 10. S E
, S E , .. , .
.11. ) ; )
1000 ,
5
. , S E ,
, 10
.
, , . , ,
[15]. . 12 , .
.12. S E : ) ; )
, 80 ,
,
. ,
,
.. [16].
2. S E
. , () ,
, 1931 .
Pierce-Arrow
. (1929 .), . , , -
, , , , ( ). , , ,
[17].
.13. .
11
[18], 1980- (.13). ,
200 . 30 .
750 .
, , , , , .
. 15. : -
; , S E 20
12
. 15. , S E . 20 . , . , , ( ),
, , . ( ) , .
, , , ,
. ,
, , - .
3.
[5,19-22].
, , (2). ,
[11,12,23]
dp
= eE + {[v H ] + S E v } = K ,
dt
c
( 4)
F = S E v e
v . , ,
(4) , , . (4) ,
S E H , , ,
S E F1 = S E + iE ,
E - . ( Kdx ) dt ,
e
K 0 = e ( Ev ) + S E ( v ) 2 .
(5)
c
,
. (.16). . ,
AR300+ 32~ +400
. . , D =
90 (. . 16).
90o +351o C (.
.15). , ( ) , 4-6 .
. ,
, [24], . ,
13
, (
) .
e
+ div j = S E ,
1
div 0
+ div 0 .
c t
( 6)
4.
, 10- , 4 (6) [24].
--
( A)
[ k e a m ] + e b [ k T a |b | m ] = 0 ,
1
gik R = Tik ,
2
C i jkm + 2[ k T ij m ] + 2Tsi[ k T sj m ] = J i jkm ,
Rik
i, j, k ... = 0,1,2,3,
( B.1)
( B.2)
a, b, c... = 0,1,2,3 ,
T jki ,
[25]. (),() [26], [27-30] .
[1] [2]
, , .
(.1) -
14
T jm =
2
pn
i
s
i
i
i
s
[iT j m ] + Ts[iT| j | m ] g jm g [iT p n ] + Ts[iT p n ] ,
n
2
(7)
1
J ijkm = 2 g[ k ( iT j ) m ] Tgi [ m g k ] j
3
T
c2
g jmT
c2
jm
2 g jm
Ti +Ti Ts
[i j m ]
s[ i j m ]
c2
(8)
T jki .
(),() ,
(),() (7),(8) . , , (),()
. :
1. (),() , , [31,32].
2. (), () () , ( !) .
2 4 (6) , , (7) (8) [32]
1
1
1 ..i .. s
1
s
sm ji = 2 T ji sT ji ,
2
(10)
(11)
(12)
*i - i jk
, ..i jm = i[ jk ] 4 (6) 24 [32]. ()
, h j , h j ,m hm , j = 0 (9)
1
1
i
h j hm g jm h hi .
hm = , m
T jm =
h j
- (13)
1
1
T jm = j m g jm i i .
(13)
(14)
15
(14) -
. hm ,
hm = ,m = ( x i )um ,
(15)
um u m = 1 ( x i ) . (15) (14),
1
1
T jm = j 2 ( x i ) u j um g jm = 2 u j um + pg jm ,
(16)
1 2 i
1
( x ) > 0, p = c 2 .
(17)
2
2
(16) - ,
(17).
4.1 -
1 (), (),
() [32]
1
2 0 (t )
c 2 dt 2 1 2 (t ) dr 2 r 2 ( d 2 + sin 2 d 2 ) ,
ds = 1
r
r
(18)
0 (t ) - . - (16)
(18) [32]
T
jm
= r c 2l l =
j m
0 (t )
2
r2
l l ,
j m
0 <0 ,
l l m = 0,
m
r ( r, t ) =
0 (t )
2
c2r2
>0 .
(19)
(18) M (t )
Ze(t ) , Z = 1, 2, 3...
2 Ze(t )
2 MG
( 20)
, Z = 1, 2, 3... ,
2 0 (t ) = rg (t ) + re (t ) = 2 + k
c2
c
rg (t ) - , re (t ) - [1, 31] k = e / - .
rg > > re (), ()
0 (t ) 0 = const (18)
rg
ds 2 = 1
r
c 2 dt 2 1 g
dr 2 r 2 ( d 2 + sin 2 d 2 ) ,
r =
g
2 MG
.
c2
( 21)
ds = 1 e c 2 dt 2 1 e
r
r
dr 2 r 2 ( d 2 + sin 2 d 2 ) ,
r =k
e
2 Ze
c2
( 22)
16
[1]. (17)
0 (t ) 0 = const
r = M (r ) ,
( 23)
v (.1)
8 G
= 4 ,
( 24)
g
c
(.1) ()
.
r = Ze ( r ) ,
Z = 1,2,3... ,
( 25)
e
v (.1)
8 e
=
.
e
c4
( 26)
(17) , , [11,12]
1/ 2
2
( x ) =
8pGM
2
( x ) =
2
8pZe
exp(ik x n ) , * ( g )1 / 2 V = 1,
n
= M ( ) M * ,
( 27)
1/ 2
exp(ik x n ), * ( g )1 / 2V = 1,
n
= Ze ( ) Ze * .
e
( 28)
(27) (28) ,
,
4.2 . ()
(17) (12),
(27) (28):
1.
*i ( u i ) = i ( u i ) + u n j nj + u nT j nj = 0 .
(29)
2. ,
du k
+ k mn u m u n + T k mn u m u n = 0 .
ds
3.
*i = i = 0 .
(30)
(31)
17
= * = W
(32)
- ( ) x
t . (29)-(31).
(29) (30) ,
( ) (27), (28). () T k mn , (29) (30) ()
i ( u i ) = i ( u i ) + u n j nj = 0 ,
(33)
du k
+ k mn u m u n = 0 .
ds
(34)
1
8e
8e
8e
8e
Rik g ik R = 4 Tik = 4 r e c 2ui uk = 4 Ze ( r )c 2ui uk = 4 Ze *c 2ui uk ,
c
c
c
c
2
R jm E i jk
i jk =
e i
e c 2 im
=
E
g ( a jm , k + akm , j a jk , m ) ,
jk
mc 2
mc 2 2
gik ( x i , k ) = ik +
(35)
aik
(36)
e
e2
i
(37)
R jm = 2 2 [i E | j | m ] + 2 2 4 E i s [ i E s | j | m ] .
mc
m c
(35) , ,
e 2 C 2 2
e 2 C 2
c dt 1
dx + d 2 + dz 2 ,
(38)
2
2
c
c
C = Ze / r , Z = 1, 2 , 3... - .
, . ,
v , (38) [33]
ds 2 = 1 +
e 2 C
ds 2 = 1 +
2
c
2
2 2
c dt 1 e C
2
dx 2 + d 2 + dz 2
8e
(A dx + A dy + A dz )dt.
2
3
2 1
, v /
2
2
4
2
2
00 = 2 = 2 A0 ,
0 = 2 A = A0 v ,
= 2 = 2 A0 .
c
c
c
c
(39)
( 40)
(35) (34)
dx i dx k
a
<< 1 ,
( 41)
ik ds ds
,
,
e
18
1 2
4 i
F ik
2 2 Ai = k =
j ,
x
c t
c
j i = ( e c , e v ) = e
Ak Ai E x
Fi k = Ak ,i Ai , k =
=
xi xk E y
E
z
Ex
0
Hz
Hy
dx i
, =1, 2 , 3, i = 0,1, 2, 3,
dt
Ey
Hz
0
Hx
Ez
Hy
,
Hx
( 42)
( 44)
+ div v = 0 ,
t
du i
e
= 2 F ik uk ,
ds0
c
= 1, 2 , 3 , = * 0,
ds0 = dt 1 v 2 / c 2 ,
i = 0, 1, 2, 3.
(45)
( 46)
, , 4D
du i
e
= 2 F ik uk ,
ds0 c
i = 0, 1, 2, 3,
( 47)
, , ()
. , (45) (46)
(28)
= Ze ( ) Ze * , . e
(45) (46)
(47). (38) ( (39)) 3D
(46)
C
dv
C
= U C ,
( 48)
dt
U C = e
= Ze
/ r - (
). , (48) () ,
,
Tijk = T jik = T jki = ijk . ,
e , (48) ,
W
C
C
dv
C
( 49)
= U C W ,
dt
W - . , (45) (49) (
(32)) .
2 2
U = 0 ,
(50)
i +
t
2
,
19
px Et
( x , t ) = 0 exp i = ( x , t ) exp(iS ( x , t ) / ) ,
(51)
- , E = , p = k
, (51), S ( x , t ) - .
, (51) (50)
v = S ,
(52)
(50) (45) [28]
dv
= U C V ,
dt
(53)
2
2 2
2 ( ) 2
2
2
V=
=
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
4
(54)
V - , [34].
4.3
()
(34), , (36),
d 2 xi
dx j dx k
e i dx j dx k
i
= jk
= 2 E jk
.
c
ds 2
ds ds
ds ds
(55)
(47), ,
, [12]. (55) (38) e Ze :
1) e ()
1/ 2
1/ 2
1 / 2
2 Ze 2 1 dx 0
2 Ze 2 1 v 2
2
1
(56)
E = c 1
= c 1
= const ;
c 2 r ds
c 2 r c 2
2)
d
L = r 2
= const ,
(57)
ds
- . (56) (57) , ,
.. . : (55),
. .
, ( ). , (30)
d 2 xi
e i dx j dx k
dx j dx k
i
= 2 E jk
T jk
.
(58)
c
ds 2
ds ds
ds ds
(38), 3D (58)
20
2
d 2 x e
Ze 2
Ze 2
2
(59)
2 = E 00 c T 00 = 3 x 3 x = F e We = 0.
r
dt
c
r
, ... = 1.2.3.
Ze 2
x ,
(60)
r3
,
Ze 2
F iner = 3 x = We ,
(61)
r
(58), .
(59) , , .
.
( ) [1]. ,
,
.
U = Ze 2 / r [35]
Fe =
n = m 2 2 / 2 m r 2 Ze 2 / r + V = mZ 2 e 4 / 2 2 n 2 = const ,
m = 0, 1, 2,... , n + 1, = 0,1,2 .
(62)
m = 0 ,
(63)
n = Ze 2 / r + V = Z 2 e 4 / 2 2 n 2 = const ,
, V
Ze2 / r (. 17).
.17.
2
U = Ze / r V
(59)
21
C
C
dv
= (U C + U in ) = 0,
dt
U in = ( r We ) -
Ze 2
We =
x.
r3
(64)
U C + U in = const
(64)
(65)
(66)
( ) (63),
. V U in , (63)
n = Ze 2 / r + U in = Z 2 e 4 / 2 2 n 2 = const .
(67)
[36],
,
(68)
U in = ( r W ) ([ r ]) 2 .
2
V U in
W , (63)-(67) , , (50), ,
(68) .
,
1
1
(69)
n = n + = V + 2 x 2 = V + U , n = 0, 1, 2...
2
2
, n = 0 , .. x = 0 ,
V = / 2 .
n = un ( x )e iE t / .
(70)
,
n
( x, t ) = n un ( x )e iE t /
(71)
[35]
n =0
n = ( ) n / 2 a n ( 2 n n! ) 1 / 2 e a
/ 4
(72)
t = 0 , x = a ,
22
1
2
( x, t ) = 0 ( x a cos t )
2
(73)
x = a
(. 18).
.18.
x = a
S , V
[35]
1
1
1
S( x, t ) = t ( 2 xa sin t a 2 sin 2 t ) ,
2
2
2
1
1
( x (t ), t ) = + 2 a 2 + 2 ( x0 a ) cos t .
2
2
(74)
(75)
1
1
(76)
2 ( x a cos t ) 2 .
2
2
x0 - . (70)-(76)
V ( x, t ) =
(69), U = 2 x 2 / 2 - .
(69) n = 0 ( ),
1
V = ,
(77)
2
.. .
dv
= (U + U in ) = 0,
dt
U + U in = 0
(78)
(79)
23
U in = U = 2 x 2 / 2 ,
(80)
(68). (77)
(80) ( (68)).
5.
(18) , 0 (t ) , 0 (t ) 0 = const . , . , , (38), (39)
e 2 (t ) 2 2
e 2 (t )
2
ds = 1 +
c dt 1
e 2 (t )
C
e 2 C (t ) 2 2
ds 2 = 1 +
c dt 1
c 2
C
2
dx 2 + d 2 + dz 2
dx 2 + d 2 + dz 2 ,
8e
(81)
(82)
(45), (46) ,
r
e
e
+ div r v = r 2 u 0 E0,00 (t ) = r S E ,
t
c
SE =
1 Q
,
rc t
Q (t ) = Ze(t ),
2
dx 0
d 2 x
e
dx dx 0
dx 0 dx 0 dx
+ 2 E , 0
= 2 E ,00
+ E0,00
.
2
ds0
ds0 ds0
ds0 ds0 ds0
c
ds0
0
dx / ds0 1 , (84)
(83)
(84)
dv
e
e
= E + {[v H ] + S E v } ,
(85)
dt
c
S E - , . (83) , Q (
). (85)
dv
= eE + e{[v H ] + S E v } ,
(86)
dt
S E .
FS = S E v ,
(87)
24
S E ,
, FS
, , [37].
0 (t )
(18)
eZe(t )
0 (t ) =
,
(88)
c 2
(19) ( (26))
0 (t )
1
1 1 Q (t )
2
(89)
S ( r, t ) .
r ( r, t ) =
=
=
e
4r E
4r rc t
c2r 2
, ( , t ) = Q ( , t ) * , (89)
e
S ( , t ) = 4 ( , t ) 4Q ( , t ) * .
E
(90)
, S E
, S ,
() .
, . , . ,
. , , ,
. -.
,
-, . S E
.
, . ( ), . , ()
, , . .
24.05.2015
1. .. // . .: , 2007,
.38.
2. .. // . .: , 2007,
.59.
25
26
25. .. // //
, ., 77-6567, .19960, 08.01.2015.
26. .. // .
// , ., 77-6567,
.19863, 14.12.2014, http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/0231/008a/1133-shp.pdf
27. .. // //
, ., 77-6567, .17352, 10.03.2012.
http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/0231/003a/1024-shp.pdf .
28. .. // .
// , ., 77-6567, .19717,
01.11.2014. http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/0231/008a/1131-shp.pdf .
29. .., ..// - . .: , 2012, . 49.
http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/0231/008a/1110-sh.pdf .
30. .., ..// - - // , ., 77-6567, .18245,
11.10.2013. http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/0231/003a/1032-sp.pdf .
31. Newman .E., Penrose R. // J. Math. Phys. 1962. Vol. 3, \No 3. P.566 \--- 587.
32. ..// , , ., , 1997. 450 .
33. .A. // , . . 2-, ., ,
1961.
34. Madelung E.// Quantum Theory in Hydrodynamic Form, Z.Physic, 40 (1926), p.p. 332
-336.
35. Holland P.// The Quantum Theory of Motion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2004.
36. ..// . .: ,
1970.
37. .., ,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUvgOOSOCw8 .
27