Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Contents
1.0 Executive summary
Moving to 40G and beyond
4
4
7
7
7
5.0 Conclusion
40G is the better option to protect existing investments 9
7.0 Glossary
10
2.0 Introduction:
Exploding traffic volumes demand
ever higher bandwidth
CSPs need to deploy solutions that not only meet todays demanding requirements, but that
can also evolve to meet future needs. By 2015 there will be a single global communications
infrastructure carrying both fixed and mobile backhaul traffic. A 100-fold increase in traffic is
expected over the same period, and some growth estimates are even higher.
Accommodating such a dramatic increase in a relatively short time frame
represents a formidable challenge for the industry.
Todays CSPs routinely use dense
wavelength division multiplexing
(DWDM) to split individual optical
fibers into up to 80 slots, each of which
typically carries 10 Gigabits per second
(10G). But far higher capacities will be
needed in the future.
100G
10G
40G
Developing technology,
high cost
early adopter market
Standardization,
price erosion
volume market
40G
100G
2008
Fig. 1
2009
2010
Carrier customers:
Demand for 100G
Standardization:
40G, 100G
2011
2012
Overlay penalty
Overlay (1st System)
Overlay penalty
mapped to
remaining channels
Terminal A1
Terminal B1
Terminal A2
Terminal B2
Fig. 2
With the lower TCO for the overlay
(purple curve), if the cost ratio is 5.2,
the break-even load is 40 occupied
slots. This means that if 40 slots are
loaded, it makes sense to use 40G in
any further capacity expansions. Or in
other words, with half the slots loaded,
the capital cost of 40G might be 5.2
times that of 10G, but the business
case already works out in favor of 40G.
Clearly, an earlier introduction of higher
line rates of 40G makes sense for
high value connections that include
line amplification or Reconfigurable
Optical Add-drop Multiplexers.
60
58
56
53
50
40
40
36
32
30
50
46
32
27
20
20
20
11
10
0
0
6.4
6.2
5.8
5.6
5.4
Fig. 3
40
5.2
0
5
4.8
4.6
3.1 A note on an
alternative approach
60
58
56
53
50
50
40
40
36
32
30
46
32
27
20
20
20
11
10
0
0
16
Fig. 4
40
15.5
15
14.5
14
13.5
13
0
12.5
12
11.5
Roadmap to success
1999: Distance record:
1200km DWDM
w/o regeneration
1998
40G
100G
First to demonstrate
40G DWDM
2007
2500km transmission
of 10 x native 111G
2006
1700km transmission
of 40G on installed
10G system
2008
Field world record with
mixed 100G, 40G, 10G
on >1000km
Fig. 5
5.0 Conclusion:
40G is the better option to protect
existing investments
The mass roll-out of 40G technology is already happening, but the high component costs
are persuading many CSPs to delay investing in 40G until the CAPEX involved can match
that of providing equivalent capacity using 10G channels in their DWDM slots.
By calculating the possible future
costs associated with the inefficient
use of DWDM slots, the simple model
devised by Nokia Siemens Networks
demonstrates that it may in many
cases be cost effective over the life of
the network to opt for 40G technology
now, rather than waiting for 40G
components to achieve direct parity
on price.
7.0 Glossary
CAPEX
Capital Expenditure
CSP
iber Bragg Grating. A short length of optical fiber that reflects some
F
optical wavelengths and transmits others, making it useful as an
optical filter.
IEEE HSSG Higher Speed Ethernet Study Group of the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers
ITU-T Telecommunication Standardization Sector. The body that coordinates for telecommunications standards on behalf of the
International Telecommunication Union.
MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems. Miniature devices that use
mechanical movement to achieve short or open circuits.
OIF
OP
Overlay penalty
www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com