1

Adding
Materials are
including
supplemented
by putting more
into them, while taking into account the
practical effect on time allocation

Refers as putting the parts of

a coursebook in a different
order.
Adjusting sequence within a
unit.

Expanding
-adds to the methodology by moving
outside it & developing it in new by
putting in a different language

5 Techniques in Adapting Material

to supply more of the same

extensions of an existing
aspect of content

Is defne as a process subsequent to, & dependent, on adoption

Extending

Re-ordering

Simplifying

Deleting/ omitting
Materials is taken out

One type of modification re-writing

activity
Normally to simplify sentence structure,
grammatical structure & lexical content

including

the syllabus is not

necessarily altered
does not have significant
Impact on overall
methodology
Source: Book

Subtracting

Abridge
-changes are greater
than subtracted
-have impact on overall
methodology.

Authors : Jo McDonough & Christopher Shaw

Reference: McDonough J., Shaw C. (1993). Materials &
Methods in ELT. Blackwell Publishers Inc.

Question 2: Which of those strategies do you apply the

Modifying
internal change in the approach/ focus of an
exercise/ other piece
of material
including
re-writing

re-structuring

linguistic content receive modification

management

change in focus is for materials to be

class to
most?made more communicate.

may relate activities more closely to

-applies to classroom
-change structuring of the
suits with the materials provided

Mostly, I apply the simplify strategy. This is because my students level of English proficiency are very low and I have to simplify
most of my lessons to suit with their needs. Normally, I used this strategy when teaching the reading and writing skills. The sentence
structure, grammatical structure and lexical content will be simpler for them to understand the learning better.

Question 3:

Simplifying

One type of modification re-writing

activity
Normally to simplify sentence structure,
grammatical structure & lexical content

Criteria in the process of

adaptation
Congruence/ match

Reasons of
Adapting
1. Depends on the teaching situation
& one teachers priorities
2. What the materials contain measured
against the requirements of a

(to satisfy the demand of teaching material & also satisfying to

those who learn from it)

External (What we have)

Learner characteristics
Physical environment
Resources
Class size

Internal What material offer)

-

Choice of topics
Skills covered
Proficiency level
Grading of exercises