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Type of Valves
1. Gate Valve a.k.a. Pull-away
Valve
- Use mainly to completely
close or completely open
the water line (does not
control flow of water)
- Best suited to the main
supply an pump lines
wherein
operation
is
infrequent
2. Globe Valve
- Controls the flow of water
with a movable spindle
- Can
reduce
water
pressure
- Only one side of the valve
is inlet
3. Check Valve
- Main
function
is
to
prevent the reversal of
flow (backflow) in the line
Cold
Water
Distribution
1. Service Pipe
- Pipe from the street
water or other source of
water supply to the
building served
2. Water Meter
- Device used to measure
in liters or gallons the
amount of water that
passes through the water
service
3. Horizontal Supply Main
The
principal
water
distribution pipe running
from the water meter
from which the various
branches and risers to
the fixtures
4. Riser
- A water supply pipe
extending vertically to
one full storey or more to
convey water into pipe
branches or plumbing
fixtures
5. Fixture Branch
- The water supply pipe
between
the
fixture
supply pipe and the
water distributing pipe
6. Controls and Valves
- Used
for
control,
isolation, and repair of
the water distribution
system
Types of a Cold Water Distribution
System
1. Upfeed System
- Direct Upfeed
- water is provided by
the
city
water
companies
using
normal pressure from
public water main
- Air
Pressure
System
(Pneumatic)
when
pressure
supplied by the city
water supplied is not
strong enough
- Compressed
air
is
used to raise and push
water into the system.
2. Downfeed (Overheadfeed) or
Gravity System
Advantages
1. Eliminates extra cost of pumps
and tanks
Disadvantages
1. Pressure from water main is
inadequate
to
supply
tall
buildings
2. Water
Supply
is
affected
between peak load hour
Air Pressure System
Advantages
1. With compact pumping unit
2. Sanitary due to air tight water
chamber
3. Economic
(smaller
pipe
diameter)
4. Less initial construction and
maintenance cost
5. Oxygen in the compressed air
serves as purifying agent
6. Adaptable air pressure
7. Air pressure serves zones of
about 10 storeys interval
Disadvantages
1. Water supply is affected by loss
of pressure inside the tank in
case of power interruption
Overheadfeed System
Advantages