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Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry DSC. and Raman scattering studies of a new glass system, leadtelluriumgermanate
glasses in the form of 90 y x .GeO 2 P x TeO 2 P 27PbOP 10CaO with x s 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40, are reported. The glass
samples were fabricated using a conventional melt-quenching method. The Raman spectra and possible glass structures are
discussed for different TeO 2 contents. The results indicate that increasing TeO 2 content up to 40 mol% in the glass system
decreases the glass transition temperature and melting temperature, and suppresses the crystallization tendency in the fiber
pulling temperature range. The leadtelluriumgermanate glass, GTPC, possesses a larger refractive index and a smaller
maximum phonon energy than that of a leadgermanate glass, 63GeO 2 P 27PbOP 10CaO, and shows a better thermal
stability compared to a tellurite glass, 75TeO 2 P 20ZnOP 5Na 2 O TZN.. These improved properties could be beneficial for
fabricating rare-earth doped fiber devices.
1. Introduction
The properties and structures of leadgermanate
and tellurite based glasses have been the subject of
several recent investigations w15x. Germanate and
tellurite based glasses generally have better mechanical strength, chemical durability, and thermal stability than fluoride based glasses, and therefore are
more promising than halide glasses for practical use
as long optical fibers. The smaller maximum vibrational energy 750 to 850 cmy1 . of germanate and
tellurite glasses compared to that of silicate ; 1150
cmy1 . glasses, results in a smaller multiphonon decay rate of doped rare-earth ions, compared to that in
silicate based glasses w14x.
)
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3. Results
3.1. DSC results
Fig. 1 shows the DSC curves for leadtellurium
germanate glasses with different TeO 2 contents. The
glass transition temperature, Tg , gradually decreased
with increasing TeO 2 content. The 63GeO 2 P 27PbO
P 10CaO GPC. sample has a sharp exothermal peak
at 5718C, indicating a strong crystallization. With
increasing TeO 2 content, the exothermal peak is
gradually suppressed. For samples with 30 mol%
TeO 2 , there is no exothermal peak in the temperature
region up to 5908C, but there is a bump near 6008C
which is close to the glass melting point. For samples with 40 mol% TeO 2 , there is a broad bump
around 5608C, which may indicate some crystalliza-
132
Table 1
Thermal properties and refractive index of 63y x .GeO 2 P x TeO 2
P27PbOP10CaO glasses with different TeO 2 content x
Properties
xs0
x s10
x s 20
x s 30
x s 40
Tg C.
Tx C.
Tm C.
.
n 5461 A
505
560
;940
470
560
420
570
385
no
;600
365
no
;610
1.79
1.82
1.86
1.91
1.95
Tg : glass transition temperature, Tx : crystallization onset temperature, Tm : glass melting temperature, n: refractive index.
Tx y Tg
Tm y Tx
133
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5. Conclusion
We have presented the DSC and Raman data on a
new leadtelluriumgermanate glass system, 63 y
x .GeO 2 P x TeO 2 P 27PbOP 10CaO with x s 0, 10, 20,
30, and 40. Our results indicate that incorporating
tellurite oxide into the lead germanate oxide network
improves the glass thermal stability and decreases
the maximum phonon energy. The new GTPC glass
showed a better thermal stability than both a lead
germanate glass, GPC, and a tellurite based glass,
TZN, reported previously. The improved thermal
stability is desirable for fiber fabrication. In addition,
a smaller maximum phonon energy and a larger
refractive index are also desirable for reducing multiphonon decay rate and enhancing the radiative transition of rare-earth ions in the host glass, respectively.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of NASA through grant NAGW-2925.
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