LOGIC GATES

AND gate
AND gate is a logic circuit which will give a 1 output if all the inputs are 1s. The
output of a two input AND gate can be compared to a lamp controlled by two switches
connected in series. The lamp will glow only if two switches are switchedON at the
same time.The logic symbol of an AND gate with inputs X and Y is shown below. Its
corresponding Boolean function is Q = X Y or simply Q = XY. We use the symbol
dot() for AND gate. The truth table is also shown below.
Logic symbol:

Truth Table:
X
Y
Q
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1

OR gate
OR gate is a logic circuit which will give a 1 output once there is/are 1 input/s.
The output of a two input OR gate can be compared to a lamp controlled by two
switches connected in parallel. The lamp will glow if any or both of the two switches are
switched ON.The logic symbol of an OR gate with inputs X and Y is shown below. Its
corresponding Boolean function is Q = X + Y. We use the symbol plus(+) for AND gate.
The truth table is also shown below.

Logic symbol:

Truth Table:
X
Y
Q
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1

NOT gate
NOT gate is a logic circuit having only one input and one output. The output is
always the complement of the input. It is also called an inverter.The logic symbol of
NOT gate with input X is shown below. Its corresponding Boolean function is Q = . The
truth table is also shown below.

Logic symbol:

Truth Table:
X
0
1

Q
1
0

BUFFER gate
A BUFFER gate is the same as two inverters connected in series so that the
output of the first one will be the input of the other. The logic state of the output of this
gate is the same as the input because of its double inversion. While this may seem like
a pointless thing to do, it does have practical application. A weak signal source may be
boosted by means of two inverters. The logic level is unchanged, but the full capabilities
areavailable to drive a load resistance if needed. The logic symbol and truth table are
shown below.
Logic symbol:

Truth table:
X
0
1

Q
0
1

NAND gate
NAND gate is a logic circuit which will give a 0 output when all the inputs are
HIGH. It is the same as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. The logic symbol of a
NAND gate with inputs X and Y is like an AND gate with a bubble as shown below. Its
corresponding Boolean function is Q = or Q = .
Logic symbol:

Truth Table:
X
Y
Q
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0

NOR gate
NOR gate is a logic circuit which gives a HIGH output when all the inputs are
LOW. It is the same as an OR gate followed by a NOT gate.The logic symbol of a NOR

gate with inputs X and Y is like an OR gate with a bubble as shown below. Its
corresponding Boolean function is Q = +
Logic symbol:

Truth Table:
X
Y
Q
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0

XOR gate
The Exclusive OR(XOR) gate is a logic circuit which will give a 1 output if the
number of 1s in the inputs is odd. The logic symbol and truth table of an XOR gate with
two inputs X and Y are shown below. Its corresponding Boolean function is Q = X + Y
which is equivalent to Q = + .
Logic symbol:

Truth Table:
X
Y
Q
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0

XNOR gate
The XNOR gate is a logic circuit wherein the output is the opposite of the XOR
gate. It is like an XOR gate with an inverter represented by a bubble. It will give a 1
output if the number of 1s in the inputs is even. The logic symbol and truth table of an
XNOR gate with two inputs X and Y is shown below. Its corresponding Boolean function
is Q = + which is equivalent to Q = + .
Logic symbol:

Truth Table:
X
Y
Q
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1