Precast concrete means a concrete member that is cast and cured at a

location other than its final designated location. The use of reinforced concrete
is a relatively recent invention, usually dated to 1848 when jean-Louis Lambot
became the first to use it. Joseph Monier, a French gardener, patented a design
for reinforced garden tubs in 1868, and later patented reinforced concrete
beams and posts for railway and road guardrails.
Brief History
Ancient Roman builders made use of concrete and soon poured the material into
moulds to build their complex network ofaqueducts, culverts, and tunnels.
Modern uses for pre-cast technology include a variety of architectural and
structural applications featuring parts of or an entire building system.
In the modern world, precast panelled buildings were pioneered
in Liverpool, England, in 1905. A process was invented by city engineer John
Alexander Brodie, whose inventive genius also had him inventing the football
goal net. The tram stables at Walton in Liverpool followed in 1906. The idea was
not taken up extensively in Britain. However, it was adopted all over the world,
particularly in Eastern Europe[4] and Scandinavia.
In the US, precast concrete has evolved as two sub-industries, each
represented by a major association. The Precast Concrete Products industry
focuses on utility, underground, and other non-prestressed products, and is
represented primarily by the National Precast Concrete Association (NPCA). The
Precast Concrete Structures industry focuses on prestressed concrete elements
and on other precast concrete elements used in above-ground structures such
as buildings, parking structures, and bridges. This industry is represented
primarily by of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI).

Advantages of Precast Concrete Construction

Very rapid speed of erection

Good quality control

Entire building can be precast-walls, floors,beams,etc.

Rapid construction on site

High quality because of the controlled conditions in the factory

Prestressing is easily done which can reduce the size and number of
the structural members.

Disadvantages of Precast Concrete Construction

Very heavy members

Camber in beams and slabs

Very small margin for error

Connections may be difficult

Somewhat limited building design flexibility

Because panel size is limited, precast concrete cannot be used for twoway structural systems.

Economics of scale demand regularly shaped buildings.

Need for repetition of forms will affect building design.

Joints between panels are often expensive and complicated.

Skilled workmanship is required in the application of the panel on site.

Cranes are required to lift panels.

Advantages of Precast Concrete Wall Systems

Aesthetic versatility

Durability

Security

Low maintenance

Economy

Popular Uses of Precast Concrete

Concrete curtain walls

As an exterior cladding (may include exposed aggregate)

For structural walls

Ability to precast in three dimensions allows precast panels to form

parts of mechanical systems

Definition of Terms
Cladding - is the application of one material over another to provide skin or
layer intended to control the infiltration of weather elements, or for aesthetic
purposes.
Retaining Wall - retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist
the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation
that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil.
Welded wire mesh - or welded wire fabric, or "weldmesh" is an electric fusion
welded prefabricated joined grid consisting of a series of parallel longitudinal
wires with accurate spacing welded to cross wires at the required spacing.
Hoist - is a device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or liftwheel around which rope or chain wraps. It may be manually operated,
electrically or pneumatically driven and may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its
lifting medium. The load is attached to the hoist by means of a lifting hook.

Setting out - is the establishment of the marks and lines to define the position
and. level of the elements for the construction work so that works may proceed
with. reference to them. This process may be contrasted with the purpose of.
surveying which is to determine by measurement the position of existing
features.
Shim - is a thin and often tapered or wedged piece of material, used to fill
small gaps or spaces between objects.[1] Shims are typically used in order to
support, adjust for better fit, or provide a level surface. Shims may also be used
as spacers to fill gaps between parts subject to wear.
Dowel bars - are short steel bars that provide a mechanical connection between
slabs without restricting horizontal joint movement. They increase load transfer
efficiency by allowing the leave slab to assume some of the load before the load
is actually over it.
Plumb wall - the simplest way to explain what a plumbing wall/chase is to say
its any wall with plumbing piping inside. Two other terms that are virtually
interchangeable are wet wall and in commercial, industrial and institutional
settings when floors are stacked on top of one another, the term wet column is
used.
Air pocket - A void filled with air, such as in a water piping system or in a
concrete form when placing concrete.
Grout -a mortar or paste for filling crevices, especially the gaps between wall or
floor tiles.
Soffit - The underside of a part or member of a structure, such as a beam,
stairway, or arch.
Weld - To build up or fasten together, as with cements or solvents.

Examples Structures
Project Name : Yokodaibunai Residences
Year :1999
Location : Kanagawa, Japan
Total Floor Area : 1,671m2

Project Name : Comfort Matsubara

Year : 2008
Location : Saitama, Japan
Total Floor Area : 12,538m2
Project Name : City of Dreams Manila
Year : 2014
Location : Paranaque Metro Manila
Total Gaming Space : (1,700 m2)

Project Name : Condominium Buildings