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WRITING TOPICS
1. Whoever gets success becomes a target.
2. People attend colleges or universities for many different reasons (for example,
new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge).Why do you think people
attend colleges?
3. If you could make one important change in the university you attend, what
change would you make? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
4. It has been said, Not everything that is learned is contained in books. Compare
and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books.
5. Effective advertising sells products. Describe an advertisement and explain why it is
effective.
6. A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your
community. discuss the advantages and disadvantages of it.
7. We all work with many different kinds of people. In your opinion what are some
important characteristics of a co-worker? Use reasons and specific examples.
8. What are some major characteristics of a leader?
9. Passions in business are weaknesses
10. There is no bad merchandise, only bad tradesmen
11. There is a connection between pleasant scents and sales.
12. The most important things in life are invisible.
13. Sometimes it is better not to tell the truth Do you agree or disagree?
14. Life flashes by like lightening. Comment.
READING PASSAGES
1. Read and answer the following questions:
The following opinions were expressed in response to a questionnaire about LOVE
A student, 21: I love women and I love sex. Im not sure what love is. I guess love is sex.
If I could, I would make love to a different girl every night. No, Im not thinking about
marriage. Maybe when Im old.
A teenage girl, 16: I dream of love almost day and night. I imagine places where Ill meet
my perfect man. He takes my hand and we walk through a green forest smelling of pine
trees. We communicate without words, finally he kisses me. No, we dont make love.
That would be too vulgar! Love is pure!
A businessman, 40: I havent got time for love, or marriage, or family. Occasional sex
with a stranger is everything I can allow myself. I admit its becoming less and less
exciting every time a different woman, a different hotel room and the same old
scenario. Late dinner at an expensive restaurant, lots of alcohol, a taxi to the hotel.. and
typical symptoms of the-morning-after. The worst thing is, you wake up lonely.
A man, 70: Love? Well, I love my granddaughter, shes the sweetest little creature in the
world. Sexual love? I dont know. After all, what really counts is friendship, loyalty and
day-to-day care, and not romantic sighs or passionate love-making.
A girl, 6: I love my doggie Nancy, and Ill never leave her. And she loves me too. When
Daddy gets angry with me, I talk to Nancy she understands everything.
A man, 32: Theres no life without love. Id love to be a father, but although Ive been
going out with my boyfriend, George, for three years now, I dont think hes going to get
pregnant. Sex? Id rather go for a long walk in the rain.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2. In the library of an American university, the librarian left a notice saying : Back in
a minute. Someone then scribbled the signature Godot.
Graffiti, the art of writing on the walls, is believed to be as old as the human race. It is
a way of commenting on current social and political events, and of mocking advertising
slogans. It can alos be a way of expressing oneself for people who have no chance or no
courage to express their views in public. Graffiti writers use all sorts of walls available
but probably the most popular are public lavatory walls, maybe because of the privacy
they guarantee. Most grafiti are witty and humorous and provide excellent free
entertainment. How do you like the following?
Keep Britain Tidy. Kill a tourist ( added to the environment protection slogan)
Jesus saves Today he is the only one who can afford to
Join the army Meet interesting people and kill them
God is dead Nietzsche Nietzesche is dead-God.
However, graffiti can also be a form of vandalism. Some graffiti writers vandalise
walls of builings with obscenities and various kinds of abuse. Compared to many of
these, the following slogan does not seem obscene at all:
Eat beans. America needs gas
In most countries graffiti is regarded as a criminal offence. In Britain, if you are
caught painting walls, you can be punished with a fine, or even sent to prison for up to
ten years. Local authorities organize graffiti removing squads, and the London
Underground spends about two million pounds every year on cleaning trains and station
walls. This, however, does not discourage numerous graffiti writers who cover the walls
of the whole world with thousands of new pictures and comments every year.
1. What the most popular graffiti in Romania? Who writes them, and with what
intention?
2. What is your personal attitude to graffiti?
3. Two battleships assigned to the training squadron had been at sea on maneuvers in
heavy weather for several days. I was serving on the lead battleship and was on watch
on the bridge as night fell. The visibility was poor with patchy fog, so the captain
remained on the bridge keeping an eye on all activities.
Shortly after dark, the lookout on the wing of the bridge reported. Light, bearing
on the starboard bow.
Is it steady, or moving astern? the captain called out.
Lookout replied, Steady, captain, which meant we were on a dangerous
collision course with that ship.
The captain then called to the signalman, Signal that ship: We are on a collision
course, advise you change course 20 degreesy
Back came a signal. Advisable for you to change course 20 degrees
The captain said, Send, Im a captain, change course 20 degrees.
Im a seaman second class, came the reply. You had better change course 20
degrees.
By that time, the captain was furious. He spat out, Send, Im a battleship.
Change course 20 degrees.
Back came the flashing light. Im a lighthouse.
We changed course.
1. What does the lighthouse represent for you?
D. If you asked most newspaper editors what they thought their job was, they would
probably say they had the duty to keep the public informed. But when one looks at the
average newspaper in Britain today, one cant help asking in return: informed of what?
Most of the items are trivial and apart from that, all the news seems to be bad. If they
were honest, the editors would say that all they are interested in is selling their papers. It
seems that most people enjoy reading about other peoples misfortunes and in this case
editors should admit that their real aim is not to inform the people but simply to
entertain (Synthesis Plus)
E. Present viewing statistics indicate that the average Briton who reaches the age of 65
will have spent nine years of his life watching television. Children of 16 will have
devoted more than twice as many hours to TV than to their school-teachers.
It is certain that four decades of TV have not produced wiser, kinder, more humane, more
articulate, more concerned societies than we had before. Only broadcasters and home
secretaries resis the overwhelming evidence that TV has been a major contributin in the
increase of violence. Other consequences of too much TV are a decline in learning levels,
less communication between parent and child, difficulty in expressing ideas logically, a
disinclination to be involved and exercise choice ( Milton Shulman, The Times)
F. Pattie thought that she had been assigned a routine job. When however she started
working on the programme on AIDS, her life changed. After reading a large number of
letters and talking to many patients on the phone, she chose the 40-year old Terry to be
the main character in her documentary. Pattie feld that the last chapter of the film would
probably be Terrys funeral. I was already impressed by this charming and good-looking
man when we first talked for the first time. He was the first AIDS patient I had met face
to face and as usual I called him a victim. He protested against the label, saying that he
did not let us treat him as a patient. He fought for his life to the last minute, while
encouraging other sufferers
6.
It is often said that we learn things at the wrong time. University students
frequently do the minimum amount of work because they re crazy for a good social life
instead. Children often scream before their piano practice because its so boring, have to
be given gold stars and medlas to be persuaded to swim, or have to be bribed to take
exams. But when youre older?
Some people fear going back to school because they worry that their brains have
got rusty. But the joy is that, although some parts have rusted up, your brain has learnt all
kinds of other things since you were young. It has learnt to think independently and
flexibly and is much better at relating one thing to another. In some ways age is a positive
plus. For instance, when youre older, you get less frustrated. Experience has told you
that, if youre calm and simply do something carefully again and again, eventually youll
get the hang of it.
7.
BUSINESS TYCOONS
America once idealized the businessman who amassed a vast financial empire, the
business tycoon, the enterpreneur who not only made it big but made it very big.
The great tycoons were fierce competitors, single-minded in their pursuit of
financial success and power. Among the giants wer J.P.Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, John
D. Rockefeller and Henry Ford. Some of these men were honest, according to business
standards of their day; others used force, bribery and guile to achieve their wealth and
power.
J.P.Morgan, perhaps the most flamboyant of the enterpreneurs, operated on a scale
of magnificence. He displayed ostentation in his private and business life. He and his
companions gambled, sailed yachts, gave lavish parties, built palatial homes and bought
the art treasures of Europe.
In contrast, such men as John D.Rockefeller and Henry Ford demonstrated
puritanical qualities. They retained their small-town values and lifestyles. They
demonstrated that personal virtues could bring success; theirs was the gospel of work and
thrift. Later their heirs would establish the largest philantropic foundations in America.
Nowadays the high-salaried manager replaced the business tycoon.
1. What is a tycoon?
2. Can a life based on principles and values be a source of wealth?
8.
1. Can you think of a situation when it might not be a good idea to say exactly what you
think?
2. What kind of people could be described as dishonest?
What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it
something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some
money from you. You say, I wish I could help you but Im short of money myself.
In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his
debts and you dont want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a
lie?
Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a
scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men,
particularly when telling a white lie such as when a woman at a party tells another
woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is
only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more
serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This
is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled
at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.
Research has also been done into the way peoples behaviour changes in a number of
small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are
sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To
the trained observer, they are saying, I wish I were somewhere else now. They also
tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One
explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The
tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it
itch. Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his
book Manwatching calls the mouth cover. He says there are several typical forms
of this, such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or
putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be
interpreted as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself
from lying.
Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or squirming
about in a chair simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one
gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular
the context in which the lie is told.
Choose the best answer:
1. According to the passage, a white lie seems to be a lie
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
Every Opel has always been built to last as long as possible. But today, we are
building our new models in such a way that they can also be taken apart as easily as
possible. The various materials which make up todays cars are much too valuable to be
simply thrown away. And our environment is just too valuable to be spoiled with piles of
discarded cars. Recycling is better.for Opel and the environment.
RECYCLING DOESNT START AT THE SCRAPYARD. The problem is critical.
Experts estimate that in the future up to 12 million used vehicles will be scrapped in
Europe annually. It is therefore becoming increasingly important to introduce
environmentally acceptable recycling methods. Recycling metals does not represent a
major problem anymore. Depending on type, metals are recyclable at an 80 to 98% rate.
Plastics account for about ten percent of a vehicles unloaded weight, and this proportion
is likely to rise even further. But none of these plastic parts can be simply shredded,
sorted magnetically and then melted down like iron or steel. Therefore, plastics must be
produced from the beginning with recycling in mind.
THE ART OF PRECYCLING. Our engineers and material specialists have been
developing ideas and new methods for systematical plastics recycling for years. Working
in close cooperation with various specialist recycling companies, they now aim to bridge
any remaining gaps in the recycling circuit. An Opel Astra that rolls off the assembly line
today, for example, is equipped exclusively eith coded, recyclable plastic parts.a
concept that could be called pre-cycling. And some of these parts have themselves
already been manufactured from recycled plastics.
Ultimately, our goal is to have one thing left over from a ripe-for-the-scrap-heap
Opel: a fond memory.
(From: Time Magazine, 1993)
Write: TRUE/FALSE
1. The text is a paid advertisment for Opel.
You are going to read a magazine article about gossip. Choose from the list A-H the
sentence which best summarizes each part (1-6) of the article. There is one extra sentence
which you do not need to use.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
0
10
Nobody likes to admit it, but nothing is as much fun as talking about whos doing
what, where and with whom. Whatever you call it, other peoples lives are a constant
source of fascination.
1.
The word gossip conjures up an image of a group of people huddled in a corner,
whispering about someone elses misfortune or sharing some scandalous news about a
neighbour or colleague. However, not all gossip is negative. Most of it is harmless and in
fact, some gossip is positively good for you. Sharing information can help keep groups
and communities together. Talking about people we know gives us a sense of belonging.
2.
When we chat about other peoples lives, were also looking for reassurance that
our own behaviour is normal. Its a relief to know were not the only ones who
sometimes do things were ashamed of . And when we discuss someones problems at
home, at school or at work, we want confirmation that other peoples lives are just as
fraught with difficulty as out own.
3.
Bits of information passed around also help us understand how other people think
and whats happening in their lives. Knowing that someone is under pressure because of
a personal problem allows you to be more sensitive and tolerant. At best it stops you
putting your foot in it, as Donna, a secretary, knows. Its impossible to keep anything a
secret at work. I discovered my boss was having problems at home. I was glad I knew,
otherwise I might have been tempted to call him a miserable old fool.
4.
Most men think women wast time chatting about inconsquential things. However,
Robin Dunbar, Professor of Psychology at Liverpool University, says men gossip just as
much as women. Both sexes spend about two-thirds of their time talking about personal
relationships and social behaviour, but they call it different things. Women gossip, men
talk about office politics. Women spend more time talking about othe peoples
relationships and men spend more time talking about themselves.
5.
However, not all gossip is an innocent exchange of information. Sometimes its
all too tempting to pass on nasty tales about people you dont like or even people you
do. This tends to happen when were jealous of other people. We use the information that
reaches us through others to compare our lives with everyone elses. Subconsciously,
were assessing our relationships and our lifestyles, and deciding whether were doing
better or worse. Who can honestly say they dont experience a slight feeling of
satisfaction when people whose lives they envy suffer a major setback?
6.
Gossip columnists play on our need to compare our lves to other peoples. Theres
no reason why we should care that a celebrity is in trouble. However, the rich and famous
11
are held up as role models, so we see their lives as more interesting than our own. When
they have problems we can identify with, we feel better. Some people enjoy such gossip
so much that even the lives of characters in TV soap operas fill their discussions, as if
they really existed.
11.
12
12.
13
member ot the government, or a lesser sum is paid to some influential customs officials to
clear goods.
Could one draw up a code able to impose some rules to the companies and to
outlaw bribery under all its aspects? The International Commerce Chamber is for a code
of ethics able to outlaw taking and giving bribes. Unfortunately, the members of the
Chamber have different opinions on the way in which the code should be enforced. The
British wish the system was strict enough to make the firms behave. It is useless to have
a quiet dog, they say. But the French delegation considers that drawing up and imposing
laws is governments task. The task of a business community as the ICC is to establish
the right and the wrong, without imposing anything.
Although one may exagerate in saying that industry is blocked by bribery, the
businessment often find themselves nowadays in circumstances when it is hard for them
to concord their commercial interests and their consciousness.
14
MULTIPLE CHOICE
The Muddle of MBAs
It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses
should have grown by 254 per cent during a period when the economy has been sliding
into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speedy assumptions, might think it
marvellous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the recovery.
Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree not least among
MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing
the prospect of shrinking management structures.
What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now
being exposed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek can-dos rather
than might-dos, and who feel that academia has not been sufficiently appreciative of
the needs of industry or of the employers possibility contribution.
It is curious, given the name of the degree, that there should be no league table for
UK business schools; no unanimity about what the degree should encompass; and no
agreed system of accreditation. Surely there is something wrong. One wonders where all
the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this
mushrooming took place.
Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest
in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal aldders. The
Institute of Managements 1992 survey, which revealed that eighty-one per cent of
managers thought they would be more effective if they received more training, suggests
that this might be the case. There is, too the fact that trining alone does not make
succesful managers. They need the inherent qualifications of character; a degree of selfsubjugation, and, above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more so now, when
empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflexions, if not total
conviction.
One can easily think of people, some comparatively unlettered, who are now
lauded captains of industry We may, therefore, not need to be too concerned about the fall
in applications for business school places, or even the doubt about BMAs. The
proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. If the
Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction of a senior management
qualification, is successful, there will be a powerful corrective.
We believe now that management is all about change. One hope there will be
some of that in the relationship between management and science within industry,
currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. No-one doubts that we need
more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly competitive world. If
scientist feel themselves undervalued and under-used, working in industrial ghettos, that
is not a promising augury for the future. It seems we have to resolve these
misapprehensions between science and industry. Above all, we have to make sure that
management is not itself smug about its status and that it does not issue mission
15
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
READ the following statements and say how they reflect the information in the reading
passage: A- if you agree with the statement; D- if you disagree with the statement, U
the information is not clearly given in the passage.
- Example: The number of MBA courses being offered more than doubled during the
recession - A
1.
2.
3.
4.
16
Employers today are looking for proven experience rather than potential ability
Most managers interviewed felt that their colleagues needed more training
The Management Charter Initiative is an attempt to standardize MBAs.
Companies would have benefited more from investing in their own staff rather than
recruiting MBAs.
17
accent and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. Class distinctions
tend to be relatively fixed, although in the context of the city, where greater variety is
permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determinants of friendship and
association.
Choose the best answer:
1. People walking in cities ignore much of the stimuli around them because
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. According to the text, the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they
a.
b.
c.
d.
18
c.responsibility
d. burden
19
CLOZE EXERCISES
20
rewarding
aimless
9 to 5
aspire
challenge
initiative
reglementation
fulfilment
Most adults. to more leisure but, in fact, not many people have the
necessary.. to use the free time they already have very .. The sad fact is
that we need work because it imposes the discipline we need. Life seems and
we secretly look forward to our work again. We dream about personal. but
probably find it more in our work than in our leisure time. This depends on age. The
young are free from work and responsibility, and freedom comes naturally to them.
However, after they begin jobs they become .. to work. They find they need it,
however, much they complain about its routine and . Obviously this again
depends on the kind of work. Those with jobs which require .,
receive genuine satisfaction from their work, but most of us are in
conventionaljobs which offer little .for imagination. We leave our
work only to face a leisure that we find difficult to cope with. Our mistake is in regarding
leisure as a chance to do nothing, whereas in fact it should be looked on as a
.
21
strategies
low price
issue
You should set realistic objectives for your business and develop appropriate . to
achieve them. These objectives must be compativle with your personal ambitions and values.
Moststrategies tend to be simple and concentrate on the businesss strength while building
an.. defence against its weaknesses. An over-elaborate strategy which prevents management from
concentrating on the key issues is a common So too is failing to define the true nature of your
business and its markets. For example, does a manufacturer of home computers serve the market for
personal computers or that for executive toys?
Price strategy will be a key for the new business. It is surprising how often new companies
underprice their products. It is generally unwise to choose a strategy involving high volumes
of.. products. In addition to the manufacturing and distribution problems which could arise,
you will be vulnerable to attack from an established competitor by sustained price cutting. (How to Set up
Your Own Business by David Philip, 1995, p.10)
TRANSLATIONS
3. Aceast societate creeaz produse noi annual.
4. Societatea noastr creeaz n prezent un produs nou.
5. Cocietatea noastr creeaz produse competitive de cnd s-a nfiinat.
22
23
n contul de carduri trebuie s avei un sold minim comunicat de ctre banc. Cardul
poate fi utilizat ncepnd cu data plii primului salariu. Contul de carduri va fi alimentat
de ctre societatea comercial/instituia la care lucrai, cu drepturile nete aferente
perioadei lucrate. De asemenea acesta poate fi alimentat la orice ghieu Bancorex, cu
prezentarea cardului.
Plile/retragerile de numerar efectuate de Dvs. vor fi preluate din contul Dvs. de carduri.
La primirea cardului v rugm s v notai numrul acestuia i data de valabilitate,
separat de card. Aceste date sunt necesare pentru blocarea rapid a cardului n cazul
pierderii/furtului. De asemenea notai parola primit odat cu cardul, separat de numrul
de card.
Cardul poate fi utilizat pentru pli la comerciani i pentru retragere de numerar la
ghieele bncilor i la automate bancare care au afiat nsemnul VISA.
Extrasul contului de carduri l vei primi cel puin lunar, de la casieria societii
comerciale/instituiei la care lucrai.
La efectuarea unei operaiuni la un automat bancar, dup introducerea cardului i citirea
acestuia, el v este returnat. Nu uitai s luai cardul imediat ce a fost returnat de main.
n caz contrar el este retras, fiind considerat uitat.
Mobile World Trading SRL este o companie cu renume naional, al crei principal
obiectiv este furnizarea telefoanelor mobile n sistem GSM i a accesoriilor aferente
lor, i a aprut ca rezultat al potenialului economic pe care Romnia poate s-l
asigure pentru aceast ramur a industriei de telecomunicaii.
Mobile World Trading SRL devine prima companie romneasc dedicat exclusiv
telefoanelor mobile n sistem GSM. Ea este specializat n distribuirea telefoanelor
celulare. ntr-un timp foarte scurt, compania a reuit s intre pe pieele naionale, servind
o gam larg de clieni, de la utilizatorii particulari, la principalii dealeri ai operatorilor de
reea.
Azi Mobile World, care are deja o mare reea de dealeri pe plan internaional, dispune de
una dintre cele mai mari reele pe plan naional, datorit unui colectiv care asigur toat
gama de servicii i produse.
Mobile World Trading nu se mulumete numai cu livrarea de produse de calitate la
preuri competitive, ci se angajeaz s asigure de fiecare dat servicii de calitate clienilor
si. (Romnia Liber, supl. 15 oct.1997)
RECLAMAII
1. Azi am primit cutiile/baloturile la care v referii n avizul Dvs.
2. Regretm c trebuie s v spunem c marfa a sosit n condiii proaste. Probabil a fost
deteriorat n timpul transportului. n orice caz, ea nu corespunde
mostrelor/condiiilor stipulate n contract
3. Trebuie s v rugm s nlocuii bunurile deteriorate sau s ne creditai cu
contravaloarea acestora.
NTRZIERI N LIVRARE
Rapeluri
24
1. Comanda noastr nr.76 din 02/05 are o ntrziere considerabil ntruct piesele de
schimb ne sunt necesare imediat, am fi bucuroi dac le-ai expedia fr ntrziere.
Dac mrfurile nu pot fi expediate n 2 zile, vom fi obligai s anulm comanda.
2. Al doilea rapel. Dorim s v reamintim c factura noastr nr.76 din 02/05 nu a fost
nc acceptat i v solicitm s acordai nentrziat atenie acestei chestiuni.
3. Ultimul rapel. Regretm mult s constatm c nu am primit nici un rspuns la cererile
noastre repetate pentru suma neachitat din factura noastr nr.76 din 02/05, care este
acum scadent de 5 luni. n aceste mprejurri suntem silii s spunem c dac nu vom
primi mandatul de plat pentru achitarea complet a sumei datorate pn la 01/09 a.c.
va trebui s recurgem la justiie fr alt notificare.
Translate:
1. Ce profit ai obinut anul trecut pe aceste aciuni?
2. Ati pltit impozitul? Da. Cnd? Contabilul n ostru a ntocmit dispoziia de plat pe
data de 20 februarie.
3. Cnd a fuzionat firma dvs. cu acest canal de televiziune?
4. Ce sistem de contabilitate ai utilizat n ultimii ani? Nu am utilizat dect
contabilitatea convenional, bazat pe costul istoric.
5. Aceast firm s-a nfiinat acum patru luni n urma unei hotrri de guvern.
6. Cnd v-ai asociat cu noul Dvs. partener?
7. Surplusul de bani lichizi a dus adesea la o devalorizare a monedei naionale.
8. A crescut venitul pe cap de locuitor n timpul guvernrii Vcroiu?
9. Registrul contabil al fiecrei companii a trebuit refcut n 1995.
10. Cnd am cumprat aceast marf, valoarea ei era mai sczut, deoarece am cumprato en gros.
11. Cu ct s-a mrit cifra dvs. de afaceri n comparatie cu anul trecut?
12. nainte de Revoluie, n Romnia obiectele de vestimentaie se vindeau numai cu
amnuntul.
2. We all (hope).our company will become famous all over the country.
3. The governor of the National Bank of France (pay) us a visit this
week.
4. You always (argue).. with the co-workers. I (not approve). of your
behaviour.
5. The number of unemployed (increase).. at the moment.
6. The cost of living (fall) Every year things are more and more expensive.
7. What you (do) for a living?
8. You must hurry. Everybody (wait) for you.
9. Dont disturb the sales manager. He (write) the report for the next meeting.
10. During the week he generally (work).. in the afternoo shift.
11. The number of unemployed.(increase) at the moment.
12. The cost of living (fall). Every year things are more and more
expensive.
Ask questions for the following underlined words:
1. Rita is coming to see us on Sunday
2. Im meeting my lawyer at 10:30 in the court.
3. The manager is talking about a new economic plan.
4. Im trying to find out the new address of the company.
5. Jeff is using the companys car this morning.
6. They are launching a new range of products now.
7. The sales manager is talking to a Japanese dealer.
We form questions in the Present Continuous by:..
1. He sells computers and hi-fi equipment.
2. They want to open up a new branch downtown..
3. Because of inflation, this product costs double this year compared to last year.
4. We despatch the goods for wholesalers on Sunday mornings.
5.
We form questions in the Simple Present Tense with the help of:..
*Exception:
Use Past Tense Simple or Present Perfect:
1.
2.
3.
4.
26
27
A: He drives a BMW
B: He doesnt drive a BMW.
A: Yes, he does drive a BMW.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
OR
Word formation
1. Its important to find.in ones work
28
SATISFY
2.
3.
4.
5.
MANAGE
LONG
ASSIST
DISMISS
SPEAK
OPTIMISTIC
APPLY
SIGN
COMPLAIN
EMPLOY
COMPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
Model version for Countrywoman
The sales curve for Countrywoman shows a classic failure of a product to gain secure
entry in the market. Without going into the details at the moment, very briefly this is what
happened. The product was launched in January with widespread advertising on regional
radio accompanying the main advertising in selected magazines. In February there was
some sponsorship of womens sports events, especially athletics. By March, due to these
activities, sales were running at 75,000 a month. At that time there was more advertising
in up-market journals and at points of sale, but there was no increase in sales as a result
of this effort. In fact, sales levelled off and started to fall in April. This may have been
partly owing to the launch of Ash Grove, which was selling at 20% less than
Countrywoman. Ash Grove was the first to gain acceptance in supermarkets, beating our
product by one month, although our presence later in those outlets almost certainly led to
the temporary rise in sales, up from just over 50,000 at the beginning of June to about
70,000 in July. The rest of the story is well known. We installed a new computerized
stock system introduced new packaging with four bars going at 15% discount, but these
did not result in a rise in sales. In fact, we developed considerable regional distribution
problems, and as Countrywoman was obviously continuing to lose ground to Ash Grove,
we decided temporarily to withdraw the product from the market.
Role-card Chief Buyer - , Trendsetters, Inc.
Trendsetters Inc. is a major American clothing retail chain, based in New York. As Chief Buyer,
you have not previously done business with Island Silks, a medium-sized clothing manufacturer
based in Hong Kong, but you were very impressed with the silk scarves in their new Miriam
Designer Collection on show at last months Hong Kong Clothing Fair. You have been quoted a
unit price of $ US 50, including the cost of insurance and shipping, and are keen to place an order
for 50,000 scarves from the collection.
It is now November 1, and you need the goods quickly as you are approaching your peak
selling period the six weeks before Christmas. The scarves should sell well if they hit the
29
shelves at the right time and mid-November would be ideal. Your customers like bright colours
and intricate patterns and expect to be able to choose from a wide range of designs.
Your objective is to negotiate a satisfactory deal, making as few concessions as possible
the retail clothing market in the US is highly competitive. Use the following points system as a
guide to your priorities. You should try to score as many points as possible, and you will need to
decide your objectives, negotiating limits and strategy accordingly.
Decisions
Delivery date
November 15
November 30
December 7
Different patterns
20
15
10
Colours
12
10
6
Terms of Payment
By irrevocable letter of credit
90 days presentation
60 days presentation
30 days presentation
at sight
Discount
4%
3%
2%
1%
0
30
Points
3
2
1
3
2
1
4
3
1
5
3
2
1
5
3
2
1
0
31
32
33
Irregular verbs
34
35
36