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0.8
II. MICROSTRIP-LINE INSET-FED RECTANGULAR 0.6
PATCH ANTENNA
0.4
The geometry of a microstrip-line inset-fed rectangular patch
0.2
antenna is shown in Fig. 1. A substrate with a thickness of
t=0.8 mm and loss tangent tanδ=0.001, and dielectric constant 0
of εr=2.6 was used. According to [2], the physical width and 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Normalized Inset Length d/b
length of the patch for dominant TM01 mode at 6 GHz are
a=18 mm and b=15.2 mm. The antenna is fed with a 50-Ω Fig. 2. Variation of normalized input resistance with normalized inset depth
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TABLE I
EFFECTS OF INSET DEPTH
Simulated Resistance a/w a=18 mm, b=15.2 mm, ws=2.2 mm, wf=2.2 mm
0.6 6 d 4 πd Rin Rin fr θ 0. 5 E θ 0.5 H
cos (Ω) (GHz)
0.5 5 b b Ro (deg.) (deg.)
Normalized
Resistance
a/w
0.3 3
0.3 0.12 34 0.12 6.04 115 75
0.2 2 0.4 0.009 0.3 0 5.88 Abnormal
0.1 1 0.5 0 20 0.07 5.7 100 77
0 0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
TABLE II
Normalized Slot Width w/a EFFECTS OF SPACING
a=18 mm, b=15.2 mm, wf=2.2 mm, d=3.8 mm
Fig. 3. Variation of normalized input resistance with normalized slot width
w a Rin Rin fr θ 0.5 E θ0.5 H
The variation of the normalized input resistance with the a w (Ω) R0 (GHz) (deg.) (deg.)
normalized slot width w/a is shown in Fig. 3, where w=2ws+wf. 0.2 5 110 0.4 6 127 76
Compared with Fig. 2, the normalized input resistance 0.3 3.3 81.7 0.3 6.04 124 76
decreases slowly as the spacing increases and its decreasing 0.4 2.5 63.8 0.23 6.1 121 74
0.5 2 51.3 0.19 6.17 119 75
rate is inversely proportional to the normalized slot width. The 0.6 1.7 44.7 0.16 6.26 118 73
main reason is that the patch conductor has an impact on the
characteristic of microstrip-line. When the spacing is large
enough, the coupling between the patch and feed-line will be so
Microstrip-line inset-fed patch antenna
weak that the characteristics of the feed-line will not be 0
obviously changed.
Return Loss (dB)
-10
In both cases, as the reactance is relatively independent of
the feed position, the results are not shown. The simulated -20
results are summarized in Table I and II. The beamwidth in the -30
E-plane decreases with the increased inset depth and spacing
-40
while the beamwidth in the H-plane remains almost unchanged
with the varied inset depth and spacing. The radiation pattern is -50
abnormal when the resistance is zero. 5.94 5.96 5.98 6 6.02 6.04 6.06
From the above study, it can be concluded that a 50-Ω input Frequency (GHz)
impedance can be achieved by adjusting the inset depth with a Fig. 4. Simulated Return Loss of inset-fed patch antenna
fixed spacing. Fig. 4 shows the simulated return loss of an
optimized microstrip-line inset-fed patch antenna. The antenna
works at 6 GHz with a bandwidth (S11 ≤ -10dB) of about 1.5%,
6-dBi gain. The 3-dB beamwidth in the E-plane and H-plane
patterns is 114º and 75º, respectively.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Resonant Frequency
3dB-Impedance Bandwidth R. H. Zhang would like to thank Q. L. Lan, W. H. Xiao, and
6.4 14 Y. Chen for their support.
Resonant Frequency (GHz)
the simulated and measured results. This may be due to that the -10
practical air thickness is different from the simulated one and
the feed patch and the parasitic patch are not concentric. The -20
measured and simulated radiation patterns at 6GHz are plotted
in Figs. 8-9. The 3-dB beamwidth in the E-plane and H-plane -30
is 57º and 70º, respectively. The beamwidth in the E-plane of
the two-layer antenna is narrower than that of single-layer. -40
Since the cross-polarization component is 20 dB less than the -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90
main polarization component, the patterns of the θ (degree)
cross-polarization are not given. The measured gain against Fig. 8. Radiation pattern in E-plane at 6 GHz
frequency for the two-layer EMC antenna is shown in Fig. 10.
The measured gain ranges from about 7.5 to 8.5 dBi in the
bandwidth and it is greater than the simulation result of the Simulated Measured
single-layer microstrip antenna. It may be due to the parasitic 0
patch which improves the radiation ability of the antenna.
Relative Power (dB)
V. CONCLUSION -10
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9
8
Gain (dBi)
5
5.4 5.6 5.8 6 6.2 6.4 6.6
Frequency (GHz)
Fig. 10. Measured gain of the two-layer EMC rectangular patch antenna
REFERENCES
[1] W. R. Deal, Y. Qian, and T. Itoh, “Planar integrated antenna technology”,
Microwave Journal, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 128-145, July, 1999.
[2] I. J. Bahl, and P. Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas, Norwood, MA, Artech
House, 1980
[3] Basilio L. I., Khayat M. A., Williams J. T., and Long S. A., “The
dependence of the input impedance on feed position of probe and
microstrip line-fed patch antennas”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.
49, no. 1, pp.45-47, January, 2001.
[4] R. Q. LEE, and K. F. LEE, “Experimental study of the two-layer
electromagnetically coupled rectangular patch antenna”, IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propagat., vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1298-1302, August, 1990.
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