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CONTENT
CONTENTS
Preview
2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past
2-2 Forms of the simple past: regular verbs
2-3 Forms of the simple past: be
2-4 Regular verbs: pronunciation of ed endings
2-5 Spelling of ing and ed forms
2-6 The principal parts of a verb
2-7 Irregular verbs: a reference list
2-8 The simple past and the past progressive
2-9 Forms of the past progressive
2-10 Expressing past time: using time clauses
2-11 Expressing past habit: used to
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
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CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
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PRESENT TENSE
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
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PRESENT TENSE
PAST TENSE
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activities or situations
began and ended in past
(yesterday, last night, in 2007)
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watch + ed = watched
answer + ed = answered
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slept
understood
ate
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STATEMENT
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I-You-She-He-It-We-They
started school last week.
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STATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They
started school last week.
NEGATIVE
I-You-She-He-It-We-They
did not start school last week.
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QUESTION
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Did I-you-she-he-it-we-they
start school last week?
SHORT
ANSWER
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NEGATIVE
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QUESTION
Was I-she-he-it home last week?
Were we-you-they home last week?
SHORT
ANSWER
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is
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
They _______
werent at the movies last night at 8:00.
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
They were
____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00.
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1943
is
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
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NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
Carla ________
didnt get a bad grade on her test.
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
Carla ________
an excellent grade on her test.
got
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talked
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(a) talked
k = talk/t/
stopped
pp = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
/t/
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ll = call/d/
(b) called
n = rain/d/
rained
lived = live/d/
robbed = rob/d/
stayed = stay/d/
/d/
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t = wait / d/
(c) waited
d = need / d/
needed
e
/ d/
e
t or d + -ed
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behave__
?
1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
e
behaved
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1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
behave__
/d/
behaved
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1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
plant___
?
planted
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plant___
/ d/
1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
planted
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CONTENT
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END OF VERB
-e
(a) smile
smiling
smiled
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hoped
hope
hoping
-ing form: drop -e, add -ing
-ed form: add -d
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END OF VERB
Two Consonants
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(b) help
helping
helped
learned
learn
learning
Two consonants
add -ing
add -ed
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END OF VERB
Two Vowels
+ One Consonant
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(c) rain
raining
rained
heated
heat
heating
Two vowels + one consonant
add -ing
add -ed
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ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
(d) stopped
stopping
stop
planned
plan
planning
Double the consonant and
add -ing
add -ed
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TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
(e) visited
visiting
vis
it
offered
offer
offering
First syllable stressed
add -ing
add -ed
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TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
(f) prefer
preferring
preferred
admit
admitting
admitted
add -ing
add -ed
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END OF VERB
-y
(g) play
enjoy
playing
played
enjoying
enjoyed
vowel + -y
keep the -y
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END OF VERB
-y
(h) worry
worrying
worried
study
studying
studied
consonant + -y
-y + -ing
-i + -ed
-y
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END OF VERB
-ie
(i) die
tie
dying
died
tying
tied
-ie
-y + -ing
add -d
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rain
-ING form
-ED form
raining
________
________
rained
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study
-ING form
-ED form
studying
_________
_________
studied
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lie
-ING form
-ED form
lying
_____
_____
lied
Please dont
lie to me!
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SIMPLE FORM
Regular Verbs
finish
hope
try
Irregular Verbs
see
sing
go
Simple Form
No final s, ed, or ing
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SIMPLE PAST
Regular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
Irregular Verbs
saw
sang
went
Simple Past
ed for regular verbs
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PAST PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
Irregular Verbs
seen
sung
gone
Past Participle
ed for regular verbs
perfect tenses & passive
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PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs
finishing
hoping
trying
Irregular Verbs
seeing
singing
going
Present Participle
ing for all verbs
used with progressive tenses
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51
SIMPLE FORM:
awake
SIMPLE PAST:
awoke
PAST PARTICIPLE:
awoken
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SIMPLE FORM:
forget
SIMPLE PAST:
forgot
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CONTENT
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SIMPLE FORM:
shave
SIMPLE PAST:
shaved
PAST PARTICIPLE:
shaved/shaven
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SIMPLE FORM:
throw
SIMPLE PAST:
threw
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SIMPLE FORM:
give
SIMPLE PAST:
gave
_____
given
PAST PARTICIPLE: _____
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CONTENT
SIMPLE FORM:
sit
SIMPLE PAST:
___
sat
PAST PARTICIPLE:
___
sat
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SIMPLE FORM:
think
SIMPLE PAST:
thought
_______
thought
PAST PARTICIPLE: _______
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He wasnt studying.
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STATEMENT
I-She-He-It
was talking.
You-We-They were talking.
NEGATIVE
I-She-He-It
CHAPTER
CONTENT
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QUESTION
Was I-she-he-it
Were you-we-they
talking?
talking?
SHORT
ANSWER
Yes,
No,
was.
wasnt.
I-she-he-it
I-she-he-it
Yes, you-we-they
No, you-we-they
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were.
werent.
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walk
were walking
Yesterday, the camels ___________
in the desert.
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CONTENT
work
were working
At 8:30, we ____________.
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look
Mac
Spot
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main clause
time clause
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
main clause
(b) I took a shower
time clause
after I exercised.
main clause
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main clause
time clause
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
main clause
(b) I took a shower
time clause
after I exercised.
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subject
+
and verb
a time
clause
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attend
work
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fall asleep
read
Lynn _________
fell asleep while she __________
was reading
a book.
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past situations
no longer exist
used to + simple form of a verb
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Correct?
The children used to swam in the ocean.
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CONTENT
Correct? No
The
The children
children used
used to
to swam
swim in
in the
the ocean.
ocean.
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Correct?
Were you used to ask questions in school?
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CONTENT
Correct? No
Were
Did you used to ask questions in school?
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PHOTO CREDITS
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