PHILIP JUSTIN V.

NOLADA

III-GAC

07/20/15

1. What is the role of this subject (MATH 04) in:

Education
The said subject possesses information which could develop our viewpoint in
analyzing different kinds of data or samples not only in curriculum related
subjects for the succeeding semesters but also on how are we able to cope up in
our daily routine in facing our education, in terms of managing our limited
allowances so as to maximize its use and allot a percentage of it which could be
of use in the future. It also help us to fully nourished ourselves of the techniques
that we have learned from our previous math subjects through visiting it more
once again and adding first-hand concepts which leads our understanding in a
better form.

Business
As the label for this subject is stated this subject is a huge perceptiveness
opener in line of the business world as it serve as a guide in facilitating the
decision-making processes of diverse companies to serve as a bridge for the
success of the different industries and be able to benefit from one another. It will
also guide a business in making and choosing optimal strategies by injecting
techniques that could enable in proper deployment of resources and help in
minimizing costs of its day to day operations. Time as a vital part of business will
also be given of importance as it can contribute minimizing the total processing
time required for performing a set of jobs.

Field of Specialization
The subject matter will be of use in different kinds of field especially in the
accounting and business sector. It will help facilitate and analyze each record
outcomes of financial statements designed for an enhanced judgement on not
only how assets will be of use but also on which assets to obtain to produce a
better number of results. It can also hasten the gain of income by a wise decision
making on how to use liabilities as risks and possibilities are also taken care of in
this subject. As income and gain were accumulated this subject also functions to
not only to maintain and control but also to prosper everyday by utilizing the
different techniques in return for a bigger capital to buy more shares.

PHILIP JUSTIN V. NOLADA

III-GAC

07/20/15

2. Make a schematic diagram/outline of quantitative

techniques or operations research from the early
period to the modern times

QUNTITATIVE TECHNIQUES / OPERATIONS RESEARCH

Outline
A. Operations research precursors from 1564 to 1873
B.
C. 1564 Liber de Ludo Aleae (The Book on Games of
Chance), Girolamo Cardano
D. 1654 Expected value
E. 1654 The division of stakes: The problem of points
F. 1657 De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae (On Reckoning at
Games of Chance),
G. Christiaan Huygens
H. 1662 Empirical probabilities for vital statistics
I. 1665 Sir Isaac Newton
J. 1713 The weak law of large numbers
K. 1713 St. Petersburg Paradox
L. 1713 The earliest minimax solution to a game
M. 1715 Taylor series
N. 1718 The Doctrine of Chances, Abraham de Moivre
O. 1733 First appearance of the normal distribution
P. 1733 Beginnings of geometric probability
Q. 1736 Knigsberg bridge problem
R. 1755 Least absolute deviation (L1) regression
S. 1763 Bayes Rule
T. 1788 Lagrange multipliers
U. 1789 Principle of utility
V. 1795 Method of least squares
W. 1810 The general central limit theorem
X. 1811 Kriegsspiel (war gaming)
Y. 1826 Solution of inequalities
Z. 1826 Solution of linear equations
AA.
1833 Analytical Engine
AB.
1837 The Poisson approximation
AC.
1839 Founding of the American Statistical Society
AD.
1845 Network flow equations
AE.
1846 Fitting distributions to social populations
AF.
1856 Hamiltonian cycles
AG.
1873 Solution of equations in nonnegative variables
AH.
1873 Galtons quincunx

PHILIP JUSTIN V. NOLADA

III-GAC

07/20/15

AI.
AJ.

AK.

Operations research precursors from 1881 to 1935

AL.
1881 Scientific management/Time studies
AM.
1885 Scientific management/Motion studies
AN.
1890 Statistical simulation with dice
AO.
1896 Geometry of numbers
AP.
1896 Representation of convex polyhedral
AQ.
1900 Gantt charts
AR.
1900 Brownian motion applied to the stock market
AS.
1900 Early result on total unimodularity
AT.
1900 Chi-Square Test
AU.
1901 Solution of inequality systems
AV.
1906 Pareto optimal solution
AW.
1907 Markov process and chain
AX.
1908 Students t-distribution
AY.
1909 Erlang and telephone traffic
AZ.
1909 Facility location
BA.
1910 Brouwers fixed point theorem
BB.
1912 Games with perfect information
BC.
1913 Inventory Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
BD.
1914 Lanchesters Equations
BE.
1915 Positive solution to linear equations
BF.
1920 Maximum likelihood method
BG.
1921 Minimax strategies for two-person symmetric games
BH.
1922 Sufficient condition for the Central Limit Theorem
BI.
1925 Random digits generation
BJ.
1925 Statistical Methods for Research Workers, Ronald A.
Fisher, Oliver and Boyd, London
BK.
1926 Subjective probability
BL.
1927 Applications of probability theory to telephone
engineering
BM.
1927 Statistical analysis of time series
BN.
1928 Existence proof for an equilibrium strategy for twoperson matrix games
BO.
1929 Sequential sampling procedure
BP.
1929 Characterization of planar graphs
BQ.
1930 Confidence limits
BR.
1930 The Econometric Society
BS.
1930 Pollaczek formula for M / G / 1 queues
BT.
1931 Quality control charts
BU.
1931 The KnigEgervry theorem
BV.
1931 ChapmanKolmogorov equations
BW.
1932 Hypothesis testing

PHILIP JUSTIN V. NOLADA

III-GAC

07/20/15

BX.
1933 Birth of mathematical statistics
BY.
1933 Principal components analysis
BZ.
1933 Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung,
Andrei Kolmogorov
CA.
1935 Martingales
CB.
1935 Matroids
CC.
The Design of Experiments, Ronald A. Fisher, Oliver &
Boyd, Edinburgh

CD.

CE.

Birth of operations research from 1936 to 1946

CF.
1936 Time Zero: British military applications of OR
CG.
1936 Solution of linear inequalities
CH.
1936 Interindustry economics
CI.1936 Turing machines
CJ.1936 Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen, Dnes
Knig,
CK.
M. B. H., Leipzig
CL.
1937 The traveling salesman problem
CM.
1939 Nonlinear programming optimality conditions
CN.
1939 Mathematical Methods of Organization and Planning
Production,
CO.
L. V. Kantorovich
CP.
1940 Blacketts Circus
CQ.
1941 Transportation problem
CR.
1942 U.K. naval operational research
CS.
1942 U.S. Navy Antisubmarine Warfare Operations
Research Group
CT.
(ASWORG)
CU.
1942 U.S. Air Force operations research
CV.
1942 Search theory
CW.
1943 Neural networks
CX.
1944 Exponential smoothing
CY.
1944 Modern utility theory
CZ.
1944 Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, John von
Neumann,
DA.
Oskar Morgenstern, Princeton University Press, Princeton
DB.
1945 Project RAND
DC.
1945 U.S. Navy Operations Evaluation Group (OEG)
DD.
1945 The diet problem
DE.
1946 The digital computer
DF.
1946 Monte Carlo simulation
DG.
1946 Mathematical Methods of Statistics, Harald Cramr,
DH.
1946 Methods of Operations Research, Philip M. Morse,
George E. Kimball
DI.
DJ.
DK.
DL.

DM.

Expansion of operations research from 1947 to 1950

DN.
DO.
1947 Project SCOOP (U.S. Air Force Scientific
Computation of Optimal Programs)
DP.
1947 The linear-programming problem
DQ.
1947 Simplex method
DR.
1947 The acceptance-rejection method for generating
random
DS.
Variates
DT.
1947 The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
DU.
1947 Sequential Analysis, Abraham Wald,
DV.
1947 The definition of OR
DW.
1948 OR in the industrial sector: British Iron and Steel
Industry Research
DX.
Association 1948 OR in the industrial sector: British Iron
and Steel Industry Research Association

DY.
1948 Johns Hopkins U.S. Army Operations Research Office
(ORO)
DZ.
1948 Operational Research Club of Great Britain
EA.
1949 Equipment replacement
EB.
1949 Linear congruential random number generators
EC.
1949 Cowles Commission conference
ED.
1949 Cost effectiveness analysis
EE.
1949 Arrows impossibility theorem
EF.
1949 Operations research at Arthur D. Little, Inc.
EG.
1949 Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of
Stationary Time
EH.
Series, Norbert Wiener,
EI.1950 Statistical decision theory
EJ.1950 First solution of the transportation problem on a
computer
EK.
1950 Post World War II quality control
EL.
1950 The prisoners dilemma
EM.
1950 The first OR journal
EN.
1950 Nash equilibrium
EO.
1950 Dynamic programming
EP.
1950 OR in agriculture
EQ.
1950 An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its
Applications, Vol. I,
ER.
William Feller,
ES.
1950 Contributions to the Theory of Games, Vol. I, Harold
W. Kuhn,
ET.
Albert W. Tucker, editors, Annals of Mathematics Studies
24
EU.
EV.
EW.
EX.

EY.
Mathematical, algorithmic and professional
development of operations research from 1951 to 1956

EZ.
1951 Blending aviation gasolines
FA.
1951 First computer-based simplex algorithm
FB.
1951 Operations Research Office report: Utilization of
Negro manpower
FC.
in the Army
FD.
1951 Nonlinear programming
FE.
1951 Corporate operations research
FF.
1951 Optimal dynamic inventory policy
FG.
1951 Imbedded Markov chains in queueing systems
FH.
1951 First OR university program
FI.1951 Symposium on Linear Inequalities and Programming
FJ.1951 Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation, Tjalling C.
Koopmans,
FK.
1951 The Structure of the American Economy, 19191939,
2nd edition,
FL.
Wassily W. Leontief
FM.
1951 The Quality Control Handbook, Joseph M. Juran,
editor, McGrawFN.
Hill
FO.
1951 Operations Research, Herbert Solow
FP.
1952 Lindleys equation

FQ.
1952 MIT Committee on Operations Research established
FR.
1952 Operations Research Society of America (ORSA)
FS.
1952 First U.S. OR journal
FT.
1952 Portfolio analysis
FU.
1952 Parametric programming
FV.
1952 Product form of the inverse
FW.
1952 UNIVAC I installed in The Pentagon to solve U.S. Air
Force
FX.
linear-programming problems
FY.
1952 The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
(SIAM)
FZ.
1952 Introduction to the Theory of Games, J. C. C.
McKinsey,
GA.
1952 Operations Research: A Preliminary Annotated
Bibliography, James H. Batchelor
GB.
1953 The Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS)
GC.
1953 The Shapley value
GD.
1953 The RAND logistics program
GE.
1953 Classification of queueing systems
GF.
1953 OR in railroad classification yards
GG.
1953 Operational Research Society (UK)
GH.
1953 Revised simplex method
GI.
1953 The Metropolis method
GJ.
1953 The Allais paradox
GK.
1953 The Theory of Inventory Management, Thomson
Whitin
GL.
1953 Stochastic Processes, Joseph L. Doob,
GM.
1953 An Annotated Bibliography on Operations Research,
Vera Riley
GN.
1953 An Introduction to Linear Programming, Abraham
Charnes,
GO.
William W. Cooper, A. Henderson,
GP.
1954 Cutting planes for the traveling salesman problem
GQ.
1954 Naval Research Logistics Quarterly sponsored by
the Office of
GR.
Naval Research
GS.
1954 Management Science, the journal of The Institute of
Management
GT.
Sciences
GU.
1954 Sequencing and scheduling (Johnsons algorithm)
GV.
1954 Max-flow min-cut theorem
GW.
1954 Dual simplex method
GX.
1954 Branch and bound
GY.
1954 Semi-Markov processes
GZ.
1954 First award of the Frederick W. Lanchester prize
HA.
1954 Corporation for Economic and Industrial Research
(CEIR)
HB.
1954 The early status of decision making
HC.
1954 Operations Research for Management, Joseph F.
McCloskey,Florence N. Trefethen, editors
HD.
1954 The Compleat Strategyst, John Williams,
HE.
1954 The Foundations of Statistics, Leonard J. Savage,
John Wiley &Sons
HF.
1954 Theory of Games and Statistical Decisions, David
Blackwell, Max Girshick,
HG.
1955 Bounded rationality and satisficing

HH.
1955 Computer-based heuristic problem-solving
HI.
1955 Stochastic programming
HJ.
1955 The kinematical theory of traffic flow
HK.
1955 The capital budgeting problem
HL.
1955 Hungarian method for the assignment and
transportation problems
HM.
1955 The first international congress on telephone traffic
HN.
1955 Linear Programming: The Solution of Refinery
Problems, Gifford H. Symonds
HO.
1955 A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal
Deviates
HP.
1955 An Introduction to Stochastic Processes, Maurice S.
Bartlett
HQ.
1955 Studies in the Economics of Transportation, Martin J.
Beckmann,
HR.
Charles B. McGuire, Christopher B. Winsten
HS.
1956 Trim (cutting stock) problem
HT.
1956 Quadratic programming
HU.
1956 Minimal spanning tree
HV.
1956 Shortest path problem
HW.
1956 Pontryagins maximum principle of optimal control
HX.
1956 Socit Franhise de Recherche Oprationelle
(SOFRO)
HY.
1956 Arbeitskreis Operational Research (AKOR)
HZ.
1956 The Theory of Games and Linear Programming,
Steven Vajda,
IA.
IB.
IC.
ID.

IE.International activities, algorithms, applications, and

operations texts and monographs from 1957 to 1963

IF. 1957 First International Conference on operations research

IG.
1957 Operations Research Society of Japan (ORSJ)
IH.
1957 Project management
II. 1957 Quadratic assignment problem
IJ. 1957 The knapsack problem
IK.
1957 Assignment algorithm is polynomial
IL. 1957 Jackson networks
IM.
1957 The perceptron
IN.
1957 Dynamic Programming, Richard Bellman
IO.
1957 Games and Decisions: Introduction and Critical
Survey, R. Duncan
IP. Luce, Howard Raiffa,
IQ.
1957 Introduction to Operations Research, C. West
Churchman, Russell
IR.
L. Ackoff, E. Leonard Arnoff,
IS.1957 Introduction to Finite Mathematics, John G. Kemeny, J.
Laurie
IT. Snell, Gerald L. Thompson, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
IU.
1958 Multi-echelon inventory models
IV. 1958 The development of the LISP language
IW.
1958 Integer programming and cutting planes
IX.
1958 DantzigWolfe decomposition

IY. 1958 Linear Programming and Associated Techniques: A

Comprehensive
IZ.Bibliography, Vera Riley, Saul I. Gass
JA.
1958 Canadian Operational Research Society (CORS)
JB.
1958 Linear Programming: Methods and Applications,
Saul I. Gass
JC.1958 Linear Programming and Economic Analysis, Robert
Dorfman,
JD.
Paul A. Samuelson, Robert M. Solow
JE.1958 Canadian Operational Research Society (CORS) founded
JF. 1958 Linear Programming: Methods and Applications, Saul I.
Gass,
JG.
1958 Linear Programming and Economic Analysis, Robert
Dorfman, Paul A. Samuelson, Robert M. Solow
JH.
1958 Queues, Inventory and Maintenance, Philip M. Morse
JI. 1958 Scientific Programming in
Business and Industry,
Andrew Vazsonyi
JJ. 1958 Readings in Linear Programming, Steven Vajda
JK.
1958 La Thorie des Graphes at ses Applications, Claude
Berge
JL. 1958 Production Planning and Inventory Control, John F. Magee
JM.
1959 International Federation of Operational Research
Societies (IFORS)
JN.
1959 Chance-constrained programming
JO.
1959 Vehicle traffic science
JP. 1959 Random graphs
JQ.
1959 Mathematical Methods of Operations Research,
Thomas L. Saaty
JR.
1959 Mathematical Methods and Theory in Games,
Programming and Economics, Volumes I and II, Samuel Karlin
JS.1959 Statistical Forecasting for Inventory Control, Robert G.
Brown,
JT. 1959 Testing Statistical Hypotheses, Erich L. Lehmann
JU.
1959 The Analysis of Variance, Henry Scheff
JV. 1959 The Theory of Value, Gerard Debreu
JW.
1960 Planning, Programming and Budgeting System
(PPBS)
JX.
1960 Airline Group of the International Federation of
Operations Research Societies (AGIFORS)
JY. 1960 International Abstracts in Operations Research (IAOR)
JZ.1960 Finite Markov Chains, John G. Kemeny, J. Laurie Snell, D.
Van
KA.
1960 Stochastic Processes: Problems and Solutions, Lajos
Takcs
KB.
1960 Dynamic Programming and Markov Processes,
Ronald A. Howard
KC.
1960 Introduction to Congestion Theory in Telephone
Systems, Ryszard Syski
KD.
1960 Planning Production, Inventories, and Work Force,
Charles C. Holt, Franco Modigliani, John F. Muth, Herbert A.
Simon
KE.
1960 Combinatorial Analysis: Proceedings of the Tenth
Symposium in Applied Mathematics, Richard Bellman, Marshall
Hall, Jr.
KF.
1961 Simulation programming languages
KG.
1961 Research Analysis Corporation (RAC)

KH.
1961 Decision trees
KI.
1961 Littles Law
KJ.
1961 Packet switching in computer networks
KK.
1961 Goal programming
KL.
1961 Geometric programming
KM.
1961 The theory of auctions
KN.
1961 Industrial Dynamics, Jay W. Forrester
KO.
1961 Elements of Queueing Theory, Thomas L. Saaty
KP.
1961 Management Models and Industrial Applications of
Linear Programming, Abraham Charnes, William W. Cooper,
Volumes I and II
KQ.
1961 Queues, D. R. Cox, Walter L. Smith
KR.
1961 Applied Statistical Decision Theory, Robert O.
Schlaifer, Howard Raiffa
KS.
1962 Benders partitioning method
KT.
1962 Chinese postman problem
KU.
1962 Fuzzy set theory
KV.
1962 Center for Naval Analyses
KW.
1962 Flows in Networks, Lester K. Ford, Jr., D. Ray
Fulkerson
KX.
1962 Renewal Theory, D. R. Cox
KY.
1962 The Theory of Probability, Boris V. Gnedenko
KZ.
1963 Delphi Method
LA.
1963 Implicit enumeration
LB.
1963 Smoothing, Forecasting and Prediction, Robert G.
Brown
LC.
1963 Analysis of Inventory Systems, George Hadley,
Thomson Whitin
LD.
1963 Computers and Thought, Edward A. Feigenbaum,
Julian Feldman
LE.
1963 Linear Programming and Extensions, George B.
Dantzig
LF.

LG.

LH.

Methods, applications and publications from 1964 to

1978

LI. 1964 Complementarity problems

LJ. 1964 Vehicle routing savings algorithm
LK.
1964 Analysis for Military Decisions, Edward S. Quade
LL.
1964 Studies in Subjective Probability, Henry E. Kyburg,
Jr., Howard E. Smokler
LM.
1964 Decision and Value Theory, Peter C. Fishburn
LN.
1964 Monte Carlo Methods, John M. Hammersley, David C.
Handscomb
LO.
1964 Principles of Random Walk, Frank L. Spitzer, Van
Nostrand,
LP.
1965 Surrogate constraints
LQ.
1965 Complexity theory
LR.
1965 Political redistricting
LS.
1965 Expert systems
LT. 1965 Queues and Inventories: A Study of Their Basic Stochastic
Processes, Narahari Umanath Prabhu
LU.
1966 Decision analysis
LV.
1966 Analysis of scheduling algorithms

LW.
1966 Criminal Justice: Presidents Crime Commission
Science and Technology Task Force
LX.
1967 Games with incomplete information
LY.1967 The Theory of Scheduling, Richard W. Conway, William L.
Maxwell, Louis W. Miller
LZ.
1967 Introduction to Operations Research, Frederick S.
Hillier, Gerald J. Lieberman
MA.
1967 The computation of economic equilibria
MB.
1968 METRIC (Multi-Echelon Technique for Recoverable
Item Con-trol)
MC.
1968 Outranking procedures for multicriteria decision
making (ELECTRE)
MD.
1968 Decision Sciences Institute (DSI)
ME.
1968 Nonlinear Programming: Sequential Unconstrained
Minimiza-tion Techniques, Anthony V. Fiacco, Garth P.
McCormick
MF.
1968 Utility Theory: A Book of Readings, Alfred N. Page
MG.
1968 Decision Analysis: Introductory Lectures on Choices
under Uncertainty, Howard Raiffa
MH.
1968 The Art of Computer Programming I: Fundamental
Algorithms, Donald Knuth
MI.
1969 New York City RAND Institute (NYCRI)
MJ.
1969 Advertising
MK.
1969 First ARPANET/INTERNET site
ML.
1969 Principles of Operations Research, Harvey M.
Wagner
MM.
1969 System Simulation, Geoffrey Gordon
MN.
1969 Integer Programming and Network Flows, Te Chiang
Hu
MO.
1969 The Single Server Queue, Jacob W. Cohen, NorthHolland, Ams-terdam (Revised edition, 1982)
MP.
1970 Interfaces begins publication
MQ.
1970 Lagrangian relaxation for discrete optimization
MR.
1970 Ellipsoid method
MS.
1970 Efficient network flow algorithms
MT.
1970 Multiple Criteria decision making (MCDM)
MU.
1970 Time Series Analysis, George E. P. Box, Gwilym M.
Jenkins,
MV.
1970 Convex Analysis, R. Tyrrell Rockafellar
MW.
1970 Convexity and Optimization in Finite Dimensions I,
Josef Stoer and Christoph Witzgall
MX.
1971 The class NP and NP-complete problems
MY.
1971 Decision support system
MZ.
1971 The Mathematical Programming Society (MPS)
NA.
1971 Networks began publication
NB.
1971 World Dynamics, Jay W. Forrester
NC.
1971 Great Expectations: The Theory of Optimal Stopping,
Yuan Shih Chow, Herbert Robbins, David Seigmund
ND.
1972 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
(IIASA)
NE.
1972 Soft systems methodologies
NF.
1972 Franz Edelman Award for Management Science
Practice
NG.
1972 The simplex method is not a polynomial-time
algorithm

OP.

NH.
1972 Limits to Growth, Donella H. Meadows, Dennis L.
Meadows, Jr-gen Randers, W. W. Behrens III
NI.
1972 Urban Police Patrol Analysis, Richard C. Larson
NJ.
1972 Integer Programming, Robert S. Garfinkel, George L.
Nemhauser
NK.
1972 Human Problem-Solving, Allen Newell, Herbert A.
Simon
NL.
1973 Options pricing
NM.
1973 Near-optimal bin-packing algorithms
NN.
1974 Computers and Operations Research begins
publication
NO.
1974 Hypercube queueing model
NP.
1974 GASP simulation languages
NQ.
1974 OR established at Federal Express Corporation
NR.
1974 First joint ORSA and TIMS meeting
NS.
1974 OR/MS Today begins publication
NT.
1974 Interfaces becomes joint publication of TIMS and
ORSA
NU.
1974 A Guide to Models in Governmental Planning and
Operations, Saul I. Gass, Roger Sisson
NV.
1974 Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Donald Gross,
Carl M. Harris
NW.
1975 Probabilistic analysis of combinatorial algorithms
NX.
1975 Genetic algorithms
NY.
1975 John von Neumann Prize for fundamental theoretical
contribu-tions
NZ.
1975 The Goodeve Medal
OA.
1975 Queueing Systems, Volume I: Theory,
Leonard
Kleinrock
OB.
1975 Analysis for Public Decisions, Edward S. Quade
OC.
1975 Theory of Optimal Search, Lawrence D. Stone
OD.
1976 The Association of European Operational Research
Societies (EURO)
OE.
1976 Robust quality
OF.
1976 Queueing Systems, Volume II: Computer
Applications, Leonard Kleinrock
OG.
1976 Models in the Public Policy, Martin Greenberger,
Matthew A. Cren-son
OH.
1976 Decisions with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and
Value Trade-offs, Ralph Keeney, Howard Raiffa
OI.
1977 Anti-cycling rules for linear-programming problem
OJ.
1977 The EURO European Journal of Operational Research
(EJOR) begins publication
OK.
1977 25th anniversary of ORSA
OL.
1977 Exploratory Data Analysis, John W. Tukey
OM.
1977 Manpower Planning Models, Richard C. Grinold,
Kneale T. Mar-shall
ON.
1977 Models for Public Systems Analysis, Edward J.
Beltrami
OO.
1978 Data envelopment analysis (DEA)

OQ.
OR.
OS.

Methods, applications, technology and publications

from 1979 to 2004

OT.
1979 Prospect theory
OU.
1979 Spreadsheets and OR add-in software
OV.
1979 Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory
of NPOW.
Completeness, Michael R. Garey, David S. Johnson
OX.
1980 Flexible manufacturing systems
OY.
1980 Constraint programming
OZ.
1980 The Analytic Hierarchy Process
PA.
1980 Decomposition theorem for totally unimodular
matrices
PB.
1980 LINDO (Linear and Discrete Optimization) software
PC.
1980 Yield (revenue) management
PD.
1981 The personal computer
PE.
1981 Urban Operations Research, Richard C. Larson,
Amadeo Odoni
PF.
1981 Simulated annealing
PG.
1981 Equivalence ofseparation and optimization
PH.
1981 Matrix-Geometric Solutions in Stochastic Models: An
Algorithmic Approach, Marcel F. Neuts
PI.1982 Algebraic modeling languages
PJ.1982 Average running time of the simplex method
PK.
1982 The Roundtable
PL.
1982 Fair Representation: Meeting the Ideal of One Man,
One Vote, Michel L. Balinski, H. Peyton Young
PM.
1982 The Art and Science of Negotiation, Howard Raiffa
PN.
1983 Integer programming with fixed number of variables
PO.
1984 Interior point methods
PP.
1984 Neural networks for optimization (Hopfield network)
PQ.
1984 The Ramsey Medal
PR.
1984 Whats Best: Takes Your Spreadsheet Beyond What
If, Sam L. Savage
PS.
1985 Power-of-two solutions for lot sizing
PT.
1985 Branch-and-cut procedures for combinatorial
optimization
PU.
1985 Handbook of Systems Analysis: Overview of Uses,
Procedures, Applications, and Practice, Hugh J. Miser, Edward
S. Quade
PV.
1986 Tabu search
PW.
1986 The Harold Larnder Prize
PX.
1986 Theory of Linear and Integer Programming,
Alexander Schrijver
PY.
1988 American Airlines Decision Technologies
PZ.
1988 An Introduction to Queueing Networks, Jean Walrand
QA.
1989 Supply chain management
QB.
1989 ORSA Journal of Computing begins publication
QC.
1989 Stochastic Modeling and the Theory of Queues,
Ronald W. Wolff
QD.
1990 OR and Operation Desert Storm
QE.
1990 Financial engineering/markets
QF.
1990 Operations Analysis in the U.S. Army Eighth Air
Force in World War II, Charles W. McArthur, History of
Mathematics, Vol. 4
QG.
1991 First ORSA Prize awarded
QH.
1993 Network Flows: Theory, Algorithms, and
Applications, Ravindra K. Ahuja, Thomas L. Magnanti, James B.
Orlin

QI.
1994 Network-Enabled Optimization System (NEOS)
QJ.
1994
Markov Decision Processes: Discrete Stochastic
Dynamic Pro-gramming, Martin L. Puterman
QK.
1995 INFORMS formed by merger of ORSA and TIMS
QL.
1995 INFORMS Online (IOL)
QM.
1995 Scheduling: Theory, Algorithms, and Systems,
Michael Pinedo,
QN.
1996 Encyclopedia of Operations Research and
Management Science,
QO.
S. I. Gass, C. M. Harris
QP.
1996 Monte Carlo: Concepts, Algorithms, and
Applications, George S. Fishman
QQ.
1999 Manufacturing & Service Operations begins
publication
QR.
1999 Smart Choices: A Practical Guide to Making Better
Decisions, John S. Hammond, Ralph L. Keeney, Howard Raiffa
QS.
2000 Foundations of Inventory Management, Paul H.
Zipkin
QT.
2001 EURO working group PROMETHEUS on ethics and OR
QU.
2002 Stochastic Process Limits: An Introduction to
Stochastic-Process Limits and Their Applications to Queues,
Ward Whitt
QV.
2003 Operational Research in War and Peace, Maurice W.
Kirby
QW.
2003 Combinatorial Optimization: Polyhedra and
Efficiency, Alexander Schrijver
QX.
QY.

QZ.
RA.
RB.
RC.
RD.
Resources:
RF.
QuantitativeTechniquesforBusiness.pdf
RG.
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