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61420:

DesignofSteelStructures
Mahmud Dwaikat
Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Dept.
An-Najah National University
2013/2014
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DesignofSteelStructures
ThisisanIntroductorydesign course
Thecoursewillfocusontheelement/memberlevel

Attheendofthecourseyoushouldbeableto:
Design tension/ compressionmembers
Design simplesteelconnections(centric,eccentric)
Design beamsandbeamcolumns
UseSAP2000forsteeldesign
Workinateamfordesign
2

Grading
FirstExam
20%
SecondExam 20%
Project

20%

FinalExam

40%

[24/9/2013at4:00pm]
[12/11/2013at4:00pm]

TextandStyle
TextbookandReferences:
Segui,W.T.(2013),SteelDesign,5thedition,Cengage Learning,
Stamford,CT,US.
AISC2010SteelConstructionManual
Whiteboardnotesdeliveredbytheinstructor

StyleofLectures
PowerPointslidesformedia/pictures/illustrations/theory..etc
Handwrittennotesforinclassdiscussions/examples/illustration
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UseofSteelinConstruction
WhatisSteel?HowisitdifferentfromIron?

Howmanytypesofsteelarethere?Guess!

CategoriesofSteel
CARBONSTEEL[0.2%to1.5%Carbon]+Fe
(A36,A53,A500,A501,A529,A570)=Grades?
LowCarbonSteel [~0.2%carbon]Uses:Sheets,wires,pipes,rebar
MildCarbonSteel [0.3%to0.7%carbon ]Uses:Rails,boilers,plates,axles,structures
HighCarbonSteel [0.7%to1.5%carbon ]Uses:Surgicalinstruments,razorblades,
cutlery,spring,construction

STAINLESSSTEEL[14%to28%chromiumand7%to9%nickel] +Fe
Uses:Caraccessories,watchcase,utensils,cutlery.

ALLOYSTEEL [Dependson%ofmetals]
MnSteel [10%18%Mn]
Uses:Railtracks,armorplate,safe.
SiSteel [1%to5%Si]
Uses:Permanentmagnet.
NiSteel [2%to4%Ni]
Uses:Machinecomponents,Gear,shaft,cable.
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CarbonSteel
LowandMildCarbonSteels
Whatisthemostimportantpropertyof
reinforcingsteelbars?

StructuralSteel
HotRolledSteel

StructuralSteel
ColdFormedSteel

DifferentSteelSections
ByHotRolling

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I beamVSHBeam(orWFbeam)
Whatistheprimedifference?Why?

I Beam

WideFlangeBeam
H Beam
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SteelUsesinConstruction

Bridges

ExamplesofSteelConstruction

Industrialbuildingsandfactories
Largespans+Lightandquickconstruction

Officeandresidentialbuildings

Someterminologies
Purlin/Rafter
Bay
Bracing

SteelBracing

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SteelStructuralSystems
Trusses:
All the members are connected using pin/hinge connections.
All external forces are applied at the pins/hinges.

Frames:
The horizontal members (beams) are subjected to flexure/moment only.

Braced Frames (or ShearResisting Frames)


The vertical members are subjected to compression only (i.e. columns)
The diagonal members (braces) are subjected to tension/compression axial forces only
Failure is in shear mechanism for the building

MomentResisting Frames: MRF


The vertical members are subjected to combined axial & flexural loads. (i.e. beamcolumns)
Heavy reliance on momentresisting connections

Momentresistingsteelframeaction
Momentis
mainlyresisted
bythejoints
Frameis
allowedto
sway

Shearresistingsteelframeaction
(BracedFrames)
Momentand
lateralloadis
resistedby
bracing

Whatswrong
inthis
building?

Howarethemembersconnected?
Byconnections!obviously!!
8090%offailurecasesarein
connections!

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CodesandSpecifications
Codes/Standardsarecountryspecific,andhavethe
powerofLaw.(IBC,UBC,SBC,Palestinian?)
Codesreferyoutoguidelinesandspecifications
(AISC,AISI,ASTM,AASHTO,ACI,PCA,etc..)
LegalresponsibilityonfollowingCODES
Yourdesign,asanengineer,shouldfollowacertainCODE
(Palestinian? code)

DesignStrategies/Philosophies
Compareelasticstresswithdecreasematerial strength,(ASD)
Basicequation:Elastic<Fy /
Comparemagnifiedstress withmaterial strength(UDM)
Basicequation: Elastic<Fy
Comparereducedmember strengthRwithmagnifiedloadeffectQ(LRFD)
Basicequation:

Qi i Rn
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LoadandResistanceFactorDesignLRFD
AISCLoadCombinations

AISCconsidersthefollowingloadcombinationsindesign

Qi i Rn

1 1.4 D
2 1.2 D 1.6 L 0.5( Lr or S or R)

3 1.2 D 1.6 ( Lr or S or R ) 0.5L or (0.8W )


i

Qi

4 1.2 D 1.6 W 0.5 L 0.5 ( Lr or S or R)


5 1 .2 D 1 .0 E 0 .5 L 0 .2 S

6 0.9 D (1.6 Wor 1.0 E )

i Rn

0.75 1.00
e.g. foryieldis0.9andforboltshearis0.75

Deadloads(D)
Liveloads(LL)
Occupancyload(L)
Roofload(Lr)
Snowload(S)
Rainloads(R)
Trucksand
pedestrians
WindLoads(W)
Earthquakes(E)

DeadLoads(D)/FromASCE07

Itisbettertocalculateit,
ratherthanborrowit

FlooringSystems
Column
MainBeam
Flooring

SecondaryBeam

LiveLoads SummaryTable
FromASCE07code
Building floors are usually subjected to uniform live loads or concentrated live
loads. They have to be designed to safely support these loads.

Type of occupancy

kPa

Offices

2.5 - 5

Corridors

Residential

Stairs and exit ways

Stadiums

Sidewalks

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SteelMechanicalProperties
FU
Ultimate Strength

FY

Failure
Fracture

Yield Strength
Plastic

Elastic

Strain
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GradesofSteel
usedinPalestine/MiddleEast
ASTM A36
248 MPa (36 ksi )

Themostcommonlyusedismildsteel

Fy

Fu 400 MPa (58 ksi )


Othertypes

Fy

ASTM A992
344 MPa (50 ksi )

Fu

448 MPa (65 ksi )

ASTM A242
Fy

290 344 MPa (42 50 ksi )

Fu

444 482 MPa (63 70 ksi )

LocalBucklinginsteelplates

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